Suchergebnisse

The article reveals the contradictory tendencies of ethnopolitical life in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXIst century, the destabilizing infl uence of the Russian Federation on the south-eastern regions in order to slow down the European vector of the country's movement. The features of interethnic relations in the Western regions of Ukraine, external and internal factors of the manifestations of separatism and the spread of ideas for the autonomy of areas of compact residence of national minorities are singled out. The author traces the causal relationships in the ethno-political sphere in the time-past-modern measurement. It was determined that ethnopolitical relations in Ukraine in the early 2000's were characterized by the absence of a state conception of ethnic policy. This opened up foreign policy paths to infl uence the national minorities of the border regions by neighboring states, stimulated the appearance of a number of destructive political organizations that spread the ideas of separatism in the south-eastern regions of Ukraine, in the Crimean peninsula and Transcarpathia. Under the infl uence of Russian propaganda, the local population of the South-East, the Crimea, was an easy prey to ideologues of the «Russian world», who declared Ukraine as «an unnatural state education» doomed to a quick death.

The article deals with the national cultural policy of the invaders on the territory of modern Belarus and various forms of co-operation of the population against the invaders. It may be noted the following forms of cooperation of the part of the population with the occupiers. The political collaboration – those who worked in local administrative bodies created by the invaders or with their help (elders, burgomasters, Judenraths, etc.), public organizations, were auxiliary employees of the German occupation organs. Military collaboration: a) local police, law enforcement, auxiliary security police units, railway battalions, "eastern" battalions, Cossack formations, agents of the Abwer, SD, GUF, police, auxiliary construction and other parts; b) local self-defense (BКS, BSA), the formation of the Polish army (АК) and the Ukrainian OUN-UPA, who collaborated with the Germans, members of the defensive military settlements, the Russian Cossack military units, Kaminsky army. The economic (economic) collaboration included the heads and employees of economic bodies, enterprises and organizations that functioned during the war years, working directly or indirectly for the occupiers. During the occupation, there were differences in the situation of national groups in different parts of Belarus. The most active in some regions of the country were Belarusians and Russians, while others were Poles and Ukrainians. The Tatars showed the least activity. It is concluded that the composition of the different groups of collaborators in Belarus were representatives of various nationalities and ethnic groups.

The analysis of the political content of the category of "national sovereignty" from the standpoint of the theory of political systems is conducted. The problem of subjectivity and scope of the implementation of national sovereignty was considered. It was determined that the political characteristics of this category are not only to the sphere of international relations, and largely deterministic dynamics of power relations of actors in the political system. The author argues that the process of implementing national sovereignty is the competitive nature of the struggle in society for the influence on the adoption of state decisions and, ultimately, the struggle for state power. This means the dependence of the category "national sovereignty" on the distribution of power resources in society, as well as the differentiation of real subjects of political power within the nation ; Здійснено аналіз політичного змісту категорії «національний суверенітет» із точки зору теорії політичних систем. Розглянуто проблему суб'єктності національного суверенітету та сфери його реалізації. Визначено, що політичні характеристики даної категорії відносяться не лише до сфери міжнародних відносин, а значною мірою детерміновані динамікою відносин суб'єктів влади в конкретній політичній системі. Автор доводить, що процес реалізації національного суверенітету носить конкурентний характер боротьби в суспільстві за вплив на прийняття державних рішень і в кінцевому підсумку – боротьби за державну владу. Це означає залежність категорії «національний суверенітет» від розподілу ресурсів влади в суспільстві, а також передбачає диференціацію реальних суб'єктів політичної влади всередині нації.

The analysis of the political content of the category of "national sovereignty" from the standpoint of the theory of political systems is conducted. The problem of subjectivity and scope of the implementation of national sovereignty was considered. It was determined that the political characteristics of this category are not only to the sphere of international relations, and largely deterministic dynamics of power relations of actors in the political system. The author argues that the process of implementing national sovereignty is the competitive nature of the struggle in society for the influence on the adoption of state decisions and, ultimately, the struggle for state power. This means the dependence of the category "national sovereignty" on the distribution of power resources in society, as well as the differentiation of real subjects of political power within the nation ; Здійснено аналіз політичного змісту категорії «національний суверенітет» із точки зору теорії політичних систем. Розглянуто проблему суб'єктності національного суверенітету та сфери його реалізації. Визначено, що політичні характеристики даної категорії відносяться не лише до сфери міжнародних відносин, а значною мірою детерміновані динамікою відносин суб'єктів влади в конкретній політичній системі. Автор доводить, що процес реалізації національного суверенітету носить конкурентний характер боротьби в суспільстві за вплив на прийняття державних рішень і в кінцевому підсумку – боротьби за державну владу. Це означає залежність категорії «національний суверенітет» від розподілу ресурсів влади в суспільстві, а також передбачає диференціацію реальних суб'єктів політичної влади всередині нації.

The problem of upbringing of difficult teenagers in pedagogical theory and practice has been and remains the subject of special attention of pedagogical scientists were found out during analyzed scientific works in this article. The difficult teenagers in educational terms – are just ordinary children who have a specific personality particularity, namely, they are difficulties to upbringing. The children who are the difficult to upbringing, they are characterized by developmental defects and violations of norms and rules of behavior. This is why the difficult teenagers need the formation of moral and volitional qualities, the formation of socially significant value orientations, the mobilization of personal resources and sustainable socialization extremely hard.The complex patterns of adolescence, negative socio-economic and political processes, the parental views on upbringing and their pedagogical methods, shortcomings in the work of educational institutions also were mentioned in this article. And the category of difficult teenagers arose as a result of these influences.The essence and content of the concept the «difficult teenagers» has been determined in this article. ; У ході аналізу наукових праць у статті встановлено, що проблема виховання важких підлітків у педагогічній теорії і практиці була і залишається предметом особливої уваги учених педагогів; з'ясовано, що важкі у виховному відношенні підлітки – це звичайні діти, у яких наявна специфічна особистісна особливість – важковиховуваність, яка характеризується дефектами розвитку та порушенням норм і правил поведінки.Тому важкі підлітки гостро потребують цілеспрямованого виховання морально-вольових якостей, формування суспільно-значущих ціннісних орієнтацій, мобілізації особистісних ресурсів та стійкої соціалізації.Також зазначено, що складні закономірності підліткового віку, негативні соціально-економічні та політичні процеси, погляди батьків на виховання та їх педагогічні методи, недоліки у роботі освітніх закладів зумовлюють виникнення категорії важких підлітків. Визначено суть і зміст поняття «важкі підлітки».

The problem of upbringing of difficult teenagers in pedagogical theory and practice has been and remains the subject of special attention of pedagogical scientists were found out during analyzed scientific works in this article. The difficult teenagers in educational terms – are just ordinary children who have a specific personality particularity, namely, they are difficulties to upbringing. The children who are the difficult to upbringing, they are characterized by developmental defects and violations of norms and rules of behavior. This is why the difficult teenagers need the formation of moral and volitional qualities, the formation of socially significant value orientations, the mobilization of personal resources and sustainable socialization extremely hard.The complex patterns of adolescence, negative socio-economic and political processes, the parental views on upbringing and their pedagogical methods, shortcomings in the work of educational institutions also were mentioned in this article. And the category of difficult teenagers arose as a result of these influences.The essence and content of the concept the «difficult teenagers» has been determined in this article. ; У ході аналізу наукових праць у статті встановлено, що проблема виховання важких підлітків у педагогічній теорії і практиці була і залишається предметом особливої уваги учених педагогів; з'ясовано, що важкі у виховному відношенні підлітки – це звичайні діти, у яких наявна специфічна особистісна особливість – важковиховуваність, яка характеризується дефектами розвитку та порушенням норм і правил поведінки.Тому важкі підлітки гостро потребують цілеспрямованого виховання морально-вольових якостей, формування суспільно-значущих ціннісних орієнтацій, мобілізації особистісних ресурсів та стійкої соціалізації.Також зазначено, що складні закономірності підліткового віку, негативні соціально-економічні та політичні процеси, погляди батьків на виховання та їх педагогічні методи, недоліки у роботі освітніх закладів зумовлюють виникнення категорії важких підлітків. Визначено суть і зміст поняття «важкі підлітки».

Problem setting. One of the distinguishing features of the modern era is the marginal and dubious nature of explanations of complex social realities. Cognitive and symbolic specifics of conspiratorial thinking, marked by a sense of predictability, regularity and explicit simplicity, contribute to the development and dissemination of political mythology. Recent research and publications analysis. In recent decades, concepts have been actively used in the body of social science works: paranoid style, conspiratorial narrative, power discourse, unstable ontologies, crisis of production of meanings, conspiratorial worldview. The latest scientific search takes place in the context of abandoning the strict framing of conspiracy theories in favor of a pluralistic approach that combines epistemic, existential and social dimensions of the subject. Paper objective. The aim of the article is to try to identify the features of conspiracy in the latest conditions of cultural development. Paper main body. The article shows the features of modern conspiracy theories in terms of its paradoxical stability, information and cognitive attractiveness. It is emphasized that the conspiracy discourse determines the peculiarities of the conspiratorial mentality, influencing, in particular, the existential aspects of human life. The consequences of the influence of conspiracy theories can be not only feelings of alienation from politics or radicalization of society, but also the blurring of semantic boundaries between conspiracy theories and more respectable forms of socio-political criticism. Such features make it possible to distinguish positive and critical understandings of conspiracy theory, as well as to outline the main vectors in further theoretical studies of conspiracy theories. Among the distinctive features of conspiratorial meaning formation are the cultural-temporal universality, the paradoxical combination of irrational and rationalist ways ofperception, and others. The peculiarities of conspiratorial thinking in comparison ...

The article deals with the history of the activities of «Shershen», the first Ukrainian satirical periodical in the Russian Empire; with genre specificity of satirical poetry, published on «Shershen» pages (1906); with the analysis of genre modifications of poetic satirical works, published in this journal. The author of the article ascertains varieties of forms of political satire in its interconnections with social, political, cultural and literary life of the 20th century. Satiric verses, miniatures, epigrams, parodies, cutlines under caricatures, which were written by Lesia Ukrainka, O. Oles, O. Makovei, V. Samiilenko, M. Cherniavskyi and others have also been analyzed. As it is known, the illustrated journal «Shershen», published in Kyiv in January – July, 1906, played an outstanding role in the history of Ukrainian culture in general and in literature in particular. In this period only 26 issues came out. The only complete set of this journal is preserved in the section of rare publications in the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. In results the accent is made on the fact that the revolutionary Ukrainian writers epoch demanded both exceptional efficiency, quick response to the needs of the day and remarkable artistic value of works of art. As a result, political satire came out in the foreground of literature struggle for rights and liberties of the Ukrainian people. This fact caused its genre specificity: first of all, the existence of mobile genres such as – satiric verse, miniature-dialogue, satiric rehash of a well-known work of art, epigram, parody, cutline under caricature. Carried-out analysis allows to state that weekly «Shershen» was the first Ukrainian journal of political satire in the Russian Empire. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this really democratic and bellicose publication. The experience of its creation was of great help and service for Ukrainian writers, journalists, artists and polygraphic workers in the commencement of «The Red Pepper» (Chervonyi ...

Ukraine is undergoing complex and ambiguous processes of legal system reforming within which a significant number of normative legal acts were adopted, which in many cases do not take into account the national peculiarities and traditions of the Ukrainian people. In such circumstances, it is necessary to refer to the experience gained during the existence of the Cossack-Hetman state, which was the codification of Ukrainian law resulted in the preparation of "Rights of the Little Russian people" in 1743. This monument of law was to regulate the legal system, to replace a significant number of sources of law and prevent the spread of imperial law. For the first time, the method of quantitative indicators was used to study the ancient monument of law, which included calculations of the number of characters in the whole document, chapters, articles and assessment of the uneven distribution of material. According to the calculations, the largest number of signs falls on Chapter 20 – 126175 or 11,9%, devoted to liability for serious crimes, in second place, Chapter 16, devoted to civil law, contains 83,839 characters, or 7,9%, in third place is Chapter 8, which deals with procedural issues related to litigation, has 83,360 marks, or 7,8% of the total material. These results prove that the authors of the law memo pay considerable attention to the issues of liability for criminal offenses. For the purpose of comparative analysis, similar information on the quantitative indicators of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of 1588 was used, which showed that in this monument of law the largest number of signs is 29,7% of the total number of courts and judiciary. It is shown that both monuments of law have a significant uneven distribution of textual material, and their coefficients of variation are approximately the same. When systematizing the material by branches of law, it was proved that the greatest attention – 33,1% was paid to issues of civil law, the second place is occupied by issues of criminal law, which is 21,6%, the third place is occupied by rules related to procedural law – 17,8%. The obtained quantitative indicators reflect the process of property formation and the need to regulate property relations. The content of the monument also includes such areas as land, administrative, procedural, environmental law. The provisions of the monument affected the decisions made at the Congress in Hlukhov by Cossack officers in December 1763. The rights under which the people of Little Russia are being tried "in 1743. In general, the value of this study is to quantify this monument of law, which allows moving from descriptive to digital analysis of regulations and identify areas of legal regulation, which the most attention has been paid to.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the legal monopoly in Ukraine, analyzes the legislation on the introduction and amendment to abolish the lawyer monopoly in Ukraine. The issue of abolishing the lawyer's monopoly in Ukraine has been controversial for a long time. Arguments for the continuation of the discussion are the unavailability of legal services and the lack of a proper mechanism for compensating lawyers for joining the case to provide legal services. A wider range of legal professionals than lawyers does not guarantee the quality of such services. The proposed legislative initiative aims to make the necessary changes to the Constitution of Ukraine to abolish the lawyer monopoly. The Supreme Council Committee on Legal Policy issues on behalf of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Ukraine considers that the issue of securing lawyers the exclusive right to representation in court does not belong to public relations of the constitutional level of regulation. The positive characteristics of the lawyer's monopoly in Ukraine, which affect the quality of legal services and protection of human and civil rights in Ukraine: quality and efficiency, lawyer training, ethical rules and liability for breach of duty by a lawyer, positive approval of the lawyer's monopoly, importance legal monopoly, increasing the importance of lawyers to protect the rights of the victim, which is becoming relevant, the need for a mechanism for reimbursement of lawyers and the availability of legal services to citizens in certain cases. In order to better understand the purpose and content of the lawyer's monopoly, it was analyzed in foreign countries, where it differs significantly. ; Статтю присвячено комплексному вивченню характеристики адвокатської монополії в Україні, проаналізовано законодавство запровадження та внесення змін із метою скасування адвокатської монополії в Україні. Упродовж тривалого часу залишається дискусійним питання скасування адвокатської монополії в Україні. Аргументами на продовження дискусії виступають недоступність адвокатських послуг та відсутність належного механізму відшкодування адвокатам за долучення до справи для надання адвокатських послуг. Ширше коло фахівців у галузі права порівняно з адвокатами не забезпечує гарантії якості таких послуг. Пропонована законодавча ініціатива має на меті внесення необхідних змін до Конституції України щодо скасування адвокатської монополії. Комітет Верховної Ради України з питань правової політики за дорученням Голови Верховної Ради України вважає, що питання закріплення за адвокатами виключного права на представництво в суді не належить до суспільних відносин конституційного рівня регулювання і прийняття законопроєкту сприятиме оптимізації механізму доступу до професійної правничої допомоги. Зазначено позитивні характеристики адвокатської монополії в Україні, які впливають на якість адвокатських послуг та захист прав людини і громадянина в Україні: якість та ефективність, професійна підготовка адвоката, етичні правила і відповідальність за порушення своїх обов'язків адвокатом, позитивне схвалення існування адвокатської монополії, значення адвокатської монополії, збільшення важливості адвокатів для захисту прав потерпілого, що набуває актуальності, потреба механізму відшкодування витрат адвокатам та питання доступності адвокатських послуг для громадян у певних випадках. Для кращого розуміння мети та змісту адвокатської монополіїпроаналізовано її в закордонних країнах, в яких вона значно відрізняється.

In this article the Author describes his own experiences about life and culture in Western Europe which he gathered by traveller throughout the European continent. The Author was very disappointed with the way the Russian Government has prosecuted him because of his Ukrainian heritage. Since he wrote about the Ukrainian situation he had difficulties finding Ukrainian publishers who were willing to publish his articles and books. In his later years he wrote about his disappointment with the Russian Imperialism and openly criticised the Russian government. ; У статті автор висвітлює причини українського національного самогубства Миколи Гоголя, зв'язки його з Західною Європою, де він ознайомився з культурою і життям інших народів. Його перебування за кордоном зумовлене переслідуванням з боку російського царського уряду як українця, який писав свої праці російською мовою української тематики і мав проблеми в друкарнях. Пізніше він вобрав тематику із російського життя за царизму, яка була наскрізь правдивою. Микола Гоголь засуджував тогочасний лад, що теж викликало невдоволення царизму. Часто лікувався за кордоном: Бад Емс, Баден-Баден (Німеччина), Марієнбад (Чехія) та ін.

The article analyzes the Russian ideological phenomenon of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, notes that the categories 'sobornost', 'the spirit's integrity', and 'all-unity' that were reflected by the Russian thought straightaway, contrasted to all Western philosophy that had become a request for the constitutions of the original Russian philosophy. The unclear relationship of the Russian reflection with theology and its incompatibility with scientific philosophy had conditioned the selection by Russian thought a peripheral theme for both directions, not in the sense of having a theme but in the developing it on the Russian base. Russian originality is concluded in the transformation of the topic of all-unity and understanding it as a sophiology, which we consider in the mode of the author's myth. After all, leading sophiological concepts point out the authors' unavailability to separate myth from philosophical logos. The sophiology begins where the tendency towards the hypostasis of Sofia manifests itself, giving it the status of the creature that is conscious of itself, or the face-hypostasis. The quintessence of V. Solovyov's concept is "Everything is Sofia," P. Florensky's – "All Orthodox and churched are Sofia," S. Bulgakov's – "God is Sofia." However, the common place of all theories is that Sofia acts as a personification of the Cosmos, which is opposed to the Chaos. Consequently, Russian sophiology is a typical authorial (secondary) myth, not a Russian kind of philosophical knowledge, as it is mainly positioned in case studies. The theme of Sophia became a marker of the "Silver Age," when there were sophiological concepts of E. Troubetzkoy, L. Karsavin, S. Franko, O. Losev, O. Blok's sophiography poetry of the Beautiful Stranger. Specific Russian sophiology appeared as a reaction to the political events of a conscious "eschatological" end of the "the Russian World" on the eve of its collapse, against the background of the revolutionary changes in 1917.Article received 07.05.2019 ; У статті здійснено аналіз провідних концепцій російської софіології – трансформації «теорії всеєдності» В. Соловйова. Російський спосіб філософствування постає як несвідоме міфологізування, де в підсумку Софія виступає як персоніфікація Космосу – опозиція вселенському Хаосу, що є загальним місцем усіх зазначених концепцій. Проте опозиційні категорії космосу – хаосу є характерним маркером «священного» міфу. Отже, російська інтелектуальна думка, занурившись у Софію, створила інваріант софіології як топос міфопоетики, що розроблялася у формі авторського (вторинного)міфу. Специфічна російська софіологія постала як реакція на політичні події усвідомленого «есхатологічного» кінця «русского міра» напередодні його краху на тлі революційних змін 1917 р.Матеріал надійшов 07.05.2019

The law of modern Ukraine has its origins in common law and princely legislation, judicial practice in Kievan Rus. In Russian Truth, begun by Yaroslav the Wise, these sources of law allowed the legislator to formulate in the first domestic code the rules that regulated new public relations in the Old Russian (ancient Ukrainian) state, restricted pagan customs, and improved the criminal and civil-procedural form of the judicial process. "Pravda" in Russia was understood as law, justice. In the article, the author shows the importance of legal traditions, institutions, principles, laid down by the Russian Truth. So, with the expansion of the scope of private law, the role of the legal entity in the field of civil relations is growing. The ancient Russian and modern legislators equally consider protecting human life the most important task, it seems to take into account the objective side of the crime, follow the principles of the rule of law and the rule of law. True, Yaroslav excluded the death penalty from the list of punishments by the princely court, determined the aggravating circumstances of the crime, enshrined the principle of inviolability of the person, provided for the protection of personal and property human rights. An appeal to the Russian Truth reveals national traditions in legal understanding, the foundations of humanism in law-making and law enforcement, and continuity in the legal system of Ukraine.

The article raises the issue of the importance of preserving and increasing the national cultural traditions of Ukrainians, without which one cannot hope for development in the civilization process, because based on cultural and spiritual priorities, a full-fledged sociocultural environment with values is forming. The article considers the essence of national culture as a sphere of spiritual and material possessions that influence the communicative organization of people with specific values and norms of behavior.
The role of national culture as a potent factor in the deconfliction of Ukrainians in Ukraine and abroad is underlining. It is known that Ukrainian culture has been leveled for a long time, subjected to censorship bans and ideological pressure, especially during the Soviet period. Our culture has gone through a period of destruction, but now it is a time for national and cultural revival, opportunities for free choice and self-realization of the artist, time for renaissance and development of the ethnocultural heritage of Ukrainians, which is one of the priorities of national revival and preservation. The Ukrainian nation is modernizing, actively creating its cultural space despite the slowdown of the outdated administrative system, economic instability, hybrid warfare, and manifestations of military aggression by Russia.
The article examines the peculiarities of the creation of the cultural space of Ukrainians in modern conditions, taking into account the challenges of the globalized world and the threats of the "Russian world". Thanks to the state support and implementation of humanitarian policy programs, the consolidation of Ukrainian societies, and the unification of citizens of Ukraine and Ukrainians in the world around national values and priorities. The core of the unity of Ukrainians is the national idea, the preservation of self-identity, patriotism, and the establishment of the ukrainian nation in the modern world. The emphasis is determined on the fact that national culture has a great potential in establishing Ukraine in the world cultural space and is a consolidating factor in the political unity of society, especially in the current conditions of hybrid warfare and the struggle of Ukrainians against Russian aggression.