Suchergebnisse

Article analyzes military officers¢ career management in the context of global human resources management trends. Nowadays careers of majority of employees of public and private sector organizations are becoming more individualized and flexible, employees are entitled more responsibility in career decision making. However it remains unclear how changes in career management polices and practice have to affect army structures, what and how career expectations of military offices have to be developed and satisfied within the military system. Military officers' careers can not just happen due to uncontrolled reasons or due to expression of private interests as this could hurt the security of the country. Military careers has to be systemically, rationally and transparently regulated taking into consideration the needs of the military structures also clearly defining the merits, competencies, qualifications and values of the military officers which have to be taken into consideration in career decision making.

Article analyzes military officers¢ career management in the context of global human resources management trends. Nowadays careers of majority of employees of public and private sector organizations are becoming more individualized and flexible, employees are entitled more responsibility in career decision making. However it remains unclear how changes in career management polices and practice have to affect army structures, what and how career expectations of military offices have to be developed and satisfied within the military system. Military officers' careers can not just happen due to uncontrolled reasons or due to expression of private interests as this could hurt the security of the country. Military careers has to be systemically, rationally and transparently regulated taking into consideration the needs of the military structures also clearly defining the merits, competencies, qualifications and values of the military officers which have to be taken into consideration in career decision making.

Main concepts: human rights, natural and positive rights, national defense system of the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian army, statutes, European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), USSR armament, control model, etatism, humanism, unstatutory intercourse, statutory servant, discipline. Summary: work name and main concepts used in this work are given in the summary. It is described, what author analyses in this work, what influences on human rights' institution and it's development tendencies, what attitudes he has when writing this work. The essence of human rights and problems of its implementation and protection are provided. Human rights in common sense might be understood as a complex of values, involving rights/liberties and duties of an individual. External development, external and internal state changes, model of state government, ruling ideology lets to analyze human rights in various aspects. Human rights' institution in armament of USSR and independent Lithuania are analyzed and compared. Regulation of human rights and protection development tendencies and singularities are revealed by analyzing doctrines of dominant natural rights and positive etatism, historical circumstances, models of state government, their influence on human rights institution as well as emphasizing implementation of human rights in army. An attitude, that soviet heritage has an influence today, is kept in the work. The origin of unstatutory intercourse, determining restrictions and violations of soldiers' human rights, also was influenced by intercourse of soldiers at army during soviet time. On the basis of analyzed legal bases and accomplished sociological research (designated for human rights at national defense system) a conclusion is made, that different model of state/army government, state history, dominant ideology, legal doctrine, state becoming a part of an international community has an impact on regulation of human rights and its development. However, an influence of soviet heritage in the army is felt, soldiers' opinion researches reveal different weaknesses, which Lithuania still meets in the range of protection of human rights

Main concepts: human rights, natural and positive rights, national defense system of the Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian army, statutes, European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), USSR armament, control model, etatism, humanism, unstatutory intercourse, statutory servant, discipline. Summary: work name and main concepts used in this work are given in the summary. It is described, what author analyses in this work, what influences on human rights' institution and it's development tendencies, what attitudes he has when writing this work. The essence of human rights and problems of its implementation and protection are provided. Human rights in common sense might be understood as a complex of values, involving rights/liberties and duties of an individual. External development, external and internal state changes, model of state government, ruling ideology lets to analyze human rights in various aspects. Human rights' institution in armament of USSR and independent Lithuania are analyzed and compared. Regulation of human rights and protection development tendencies and singularities are revealed by analyzing doctrines of dominant natural rights and positive etatism, historical circumstances, models of state government, their influence on human rights institution as well as emphasizing implementation of human rights in army. An attitude, that soviet heritage has an influence today, is kept in the work. The origin of unstatutory intercourse, determining restrictions and violations of soldiers' human rights, also was influenced by intercourse of soldiers at army during soviet time. On the basis of analyzed legal bases and accomplished sociological research (designated for human rights at national defense system) a conclusion is made, that different model of state/army government, state history, dominant ideology, legal doctrine, state becoming a part of an international community has an impact on regulation of human rights and its development. However, an influence of soviet heritage in the army is felt, soldiers' opinion researches reveal different weaknesses, which Lithuania still meets in the range of protection of human rights

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relevance of cybersecurity in the overall context of national security. The paper consists of introduction, four chapters with subchapters and conclusions. The first section approaches the multidimensionality of national security and the concept of cybersecurity, as well as the specifics of its enforcement. The second section analyzes national security legislation and threats that affect national security. The third chapter reviews the NATO and EU approach to cyber security and defense, discusses legal framework, activities of cybersecurity agencies, and the importance of international co-operation. analyzing the changes in cyber incidents and cyber espionage and reviewing the current real life situation. The importance and necessity of collaboration among Lithuania, NATO and the EU on cyber security and defense issues are also discussed

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relevance of cybersecurity in the overall context of national security. The paper consists of introduction, four chapters with subchapters and conclusions. The first section approaches the multidimensionality of national security and the concept of cybersecurity, as well as the specifics of its enforcement. The second section analyzes national security legislation and threats that affect national security. The third chapter reviews the NATO and EU approach to cyber security and defense, discusses legal framework, activities of cybersecurity agencies, and the importance of international co-operation. analyzing the changes in cyber incidents and cyber espionage and reviewing the current real life situation. The importance and necessity of collaboration among Lithuania, NATO and the EU on cyber security and defense issues are also discussed

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relevance of cybersecurity in the overall context of national security. The paper consists of introduction, four chapters with subchapters and conclusions. The first section approaches the multidimensionality of national security and the concept of cybersecurity, as well as the specifics of its enforcement. The second section analyzes national security legislation and threats that affect national security. The third chapter reviews the NATO and EU approach to cyber security and defense, discusses legal framework, activities of cybersecurity agencies, and the importance of international co-operation. analyzing the changes in cyber incidents and cyber espionage and reviewing the current real life situation. The importance and necessity of collaboration among Lithuania, NATO and the EU on cyber security and defense issues are also discussed

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relevance of cybersecurity in the overall context of national security. The paper consists of introduction, four chapters with subchapters and conclusions. The first section approaches the multidimensionality of national security and the concept of cybersecurity, as well as the specifics of its enforcement. The second section analyzes national security legislation and threats that affect national security. The third chapter reviews the NATO and EU approach to cyber security and defense, discusses legal framework, activities of cybersecurity agencies, and the importance of international co-operation. analyzing the changes in cyber incidents and cyber espionage and reviewing the current real life situation. The importance and necessity of collaboration among Lithuania, NATO and the EU on cyber security and defense issues are also discussed

Lithuania is one of the few states in the world whose security and defence strategy assigns an important role to civilian resistance (civilian defence) in addition to the usual military defence. This paper explores the historical circumstances and theoretical presuppositions that have influenced the focussing of Lithuania's political elite on this non-traditional form of defence. First, there is a short survey of the development of the theory of civilian defence and an overview of the way some of its elements have been applied in Lithuania's movement for liberation in 1990-91. Next, there is an analysis of the way civilian resistance and civilian defence are conceived in the documents defining Lithuania's security and defence policies. Finally, an attempt is made at identifying the role and the prospects of civilian resistance within contemporary security and defence system of Lithuania; the conclusion made is that under conditions of Euro-Atlantic integration and globalization, civilian resistance, as a way of defending civil rights, remains a viable option of response to any kind of threat.

Lithuania is one of the few states in the world whose security and defence strategy assigns an important role to civilian resistance (civilian defence) in addition to the usual military defence. This paper explores the historical circumstances and theoretical presuppositions that have influenced the focussing of Lithuania's political elite on this non-traditional form of defence. First, there is a short survey of the development of the theory of civilian defence and an overview of the way some of its elements have been applied in Lithuania's movement for liberation in 1990-91. Next, there is an analysis of the way civilian resistance and civilian defence are conceived in the documents defining Lithuania's security and defence policies. Finally, an attempt is made at identifying the role and the prospects of civilian resistance within contemporary security and defence system of Lithuania; the conclusion made is that under conditions of Euro-Atlantic integration and globalization, civilian resistance, as a way of defending civil rights, remains a viable option of response to any kind of threat.

Lithuania is one of the few states in the world whose security and defence strategy assigns an important role to civilian resistance (civilian defence) in addition to the usual military defence. This paper explores the historical circumstances and theoretical presuppositions that have influenced the focussing of Lithuania's political elite on this non-traditional form of defence. First, there is a short survey of the development of the theory of civilian defence and an overview of the way some of its elements have been applied in Lithuania's movement for liberation in 1990-91. Next, there is an analysis of the way civilian resistance and civilian defence are conceived in the documents defining Lithuania's security and defence policies. Finally, an attempt is made at identifying the role and the prospects of civilian resistance within contemporary security and defence system of Lithuania; the conclusion made is that under conditions of Euro-Atlantic integration and globalization, civilian resistance, as a way of defending civil rights, remains a viable option of response to any kind of threat.