Suchergebnisse

From the introduction: The last two years mark a turning point in public perception of human-induced climate change as a problem of global importance. The widespread acceptance that 'most of the observed increase in globally-averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas [GHG] concentrations' has increased political pressure on governments to reduce GHG emissions. At the same time, rising oil prices have made the reduction of dependence on energy imports and diversification of the energy mix strategic imperatives for many countries around the world. While governments worldwide are confronted with this dual challenge, it is of special relevance to China. On the one hand, China has recently become the world's largest emitter of CO2, accounting for 24% of global annual CO2 emissions. China is therefore one of the most important players to effectively mitigate global warming and pressure from governments around the world on China to join emission reductions efforts is mounting. On the other hand, energy demand is growing exponentially and China is increasingly relying on energy imports to satisfy energy needs. Worried that growing dependency on energy imports may be accompanied by foreign-policy and economic pressures that might threaten national security as well as social and political stability, China has implemented a number of policies to address this issue ranging from policies to save energy and reduce energy intensity, to the diversification of oil supply sources and routes, the support of equity oil overseas acquisitions and the build up of strategic oil reserves to the diversification of the energy portfolio. In line with the objective to diversify the composition of the energy mix, China's leadership is increasingly realizing the need to reduce emissions and support renewable energy development. At a recently held Politburo study session, President Hu Jintao exclaimed: 'Our task is tough, and our time is limited. Party organisations and governments at all levels must give priority to emission reduction and bring the idea deep into people's hearts". To address the issue of energy security, the Chinese government has adapted a two-pronged approach. While measures to promote energy savings and efficiency curb the increase in energy demand, the support of renewable and nuclear energy reduces dependency on energy imports and contributes to the broadening of the foundation of energy supply. This study focuses on China's renewable energy policy and the development of wind energy in China in particular. Commitment by the highest levels of government and a host of favourable policies have triggered a boom in renewable energy in China, especially in the wind power sector. A major step in the development of renewable energy in China has been the Renewable Energy Law that came into effect in January 2006. In addition, the government has set ambitious targets for energy intensity reduction, and share of renewable energy of primary energy consumption. China is on the way to become the world leader in renewable energies. In 2007, investment in renewable energies in China amounted to approximately US$ 12 billion, second only to Germany. In terms of installed renewable energy capacity, China leads the world with 151 GW of installed capacity, largely due to the widespread utilization of hydropower for electricity generation. According to a report by the United Nations Environmental Programme, China is the world's leading manufacturer of solar cells, with an estimated annual production capacity of 3.000 MW. China's wind power market was the third biggest worldwide in 2007 and growth rates continue to exceed expectations. In 2009, China is expected to take the lead as the largest manufacturer of wind turbines. Hydro power represents the most important source of renewable energy in China and plays an important part in the power generation portfolio, most notably since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. Hydro capacity is expected to double to 290 GW until 2020, but concerns about the social and environmental impact of large-scale hydro power are becoming stronger. Although China is the world's leading solar manufacturer, installed solar photovoltaic power capacity amounts to a mere 0.01% of total power generation capacity (80 MW, approx. 50% of which are off-grid). Solar power equipment is produced almost exclusively for export. Considering China's enormous energy demand and the pace of its growth, deployment of solar photovoltaic power is not viewed as a first-rate solution to satisfy China's energy needs, since it features high costs and low efficiencies compared to other renewables like hydro or wind power. While China does not have significant amounts of solar PV capacity, it is the biggest market for solar thermal systems for heating and hot water supply with 64,5% of global capacity, amounting to 68 GW. Biomass covers 13% of primary energy demand, mostly used in rural households for heating and cooking. In 2007, only 0,28% of power generation capacity were fuelled by biomass. The government plans to expand biomass capacity from 2 to 30 GW by 2020. Despite the impressive progress of recent years, renewable energies - excluding hydro - only contribute less than 1% to China's electricity supply and the skies above China's urban areas continue to be shrouded by smog. Since coal-fired power generation accounts for 82,9% of total electricity supply, it is no surprise that half of China's emissions are attributable to power generation. With electricity demand growing rapidly alongside the economy, dependency on coal as the major source for power generation is likely to persist. However, as the most important source of renewable energy next to hydro, and growth of installed capacity constantly accelerating, peaking at about 130% in 2007, wind power is one of – if not the – most promising option on China's path towards diversification of the energy mix. In recent years wind power has become a mainstream source of renewable energy excelling with mature technology and power generation costs almost competitive with conventional power sources, providing a viable alternative to coal as a source of electricity generation. In 2005, just before the development of wind power started to pick up pace, the China Wind Power Training and Research Project (CWPP) of the German Development Cooperation (GTZ) saw its inception, with the aim of improving the conditions for sustained development of wind power in China. Primary objective of CWPP is the support of sustained long-term wind power development in China. To attain this goal CWPP supports the improvement of technical capabilities of private and government institutions and organizations through activities in the fields of wind power training, technical support and research. The project's engagement ranges from training of technicians in charge of operation and maintenance (OM) at wind farms to the introduction and localisation of software vital to wind resource assessment. These capacity building activities are complemented by wind power information services as well as policy advice to relevant government institutions. The CWPP activities and the indicators measuring its success are based on an analysis of framework conditions in 2003/2004. However, since then the general conditions for wind power in China have changed drastically due to policy changes inducing exponential growth of the industry. While from 2000 to 2005 total installed capacity grew at an average rate of 31%, it more than doubled in the last two years. Newly installed capacity increased at an even faster rate averaging 156% annual growth from 2005 till 2007. In light of the boom in the Chinese wind power sector, it is imperative to realign project activities with actual market conditions on the basis of an up-to-date assessment of the current situation and future outlook. This analysis of the wind power sector in China in 2008 will serve as a basis for the review of current CWPP activities with the aim of developing recommendations for adaptations where deemed necessary. Content Methodology: The study is divided into seven chapters. Subsequent to the introduction, the global development of wind power, its major drivers and trends are discussed briefly serving as a backdrop to the study. The third chapter introduces CWPP and its activities along with the current status of project implementation. The fourth and fifth chapter form the main body of this study. Beginning with the current picture of energy supply and demand, the fourth chapter goes on to introduce the relevant government authorities in charge of Chinese renewable energy policy. Since the basis for wind power development is government support, a detailed examination of renewable energy policy in China is given. The policies governing the wind power sector are reviewed in order to explore the origins of the current boom of the wind power industry. The fifth chapter offers an in-depth discussion of wind power in China, including wind power potential, current status of the market and future development as well as the situation with regards to wind power equipment manufacturers and project developers. In the sixth chapter, major determinants that have the potential to negatively affect the perspectives of wind power development in China are identified and discussed. As a conclusion, chapter seven offers recommendations for the realignment of CWPP activities according to the actual needs of the market. A series of expert interviews was conducted within the scope of the study. The experts interviewed included representatives of relevant government authorities, foreign and domestic wind turbine manufacturers, component suppliers, project developers, industry associations, universities, research institutes, consultancies, CDM agencies and environmental organizations. These interviews serve as a supplement to the evaluation of secondary literature and online sources so as to guarantee the timeliness and validity of information in the study. In cooperation with the China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) and the Chinese Wind Energy Association (CWEA) the need for wind power-specific training and education for wind power equipment manufacturers and power generation companies was assessed through two separate surveys. In addition, two polls were conducted among wind turbine and component manufacturers at the China Wind Energy Exhibition 2008 in Shanghai and the Wind Power Asia 2008 in Beijing. These polls helped to identify the major challenges for the wind sector's future development in China and contributed to the assessment of the current situation with regard to human resources and qualification.Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.INTRODUCTION7 1.1BACKGROUND7 1.2CONTENT METHODOLOGY9 2.THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF WIND POWER10 2.1DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL WIND POWER MARKET10 2.2DRIVERS AND TRENDS OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT12 3.THE GTZ CHINA WIND POWER PROJECT17 4.ENERGY POLICY IN CHINA19 4.1ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND19 4.2RELEVANT PLAYERS IN ENERGY POLICY MAKING22 4.3RENEWABLE ENERGY AND WIND POWER POLICY25 4.3.1THE CONCESSION PROGRAMME AND ORIGINS OF WIND POWER PRICING25 4.3.2THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW29 4.3.3INVESTMENT CONDITIONS FINANCIAL INCENTIVES33 5.WIND POWER IN CHINA39 5.1WIND ENERGY RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL39 5.2CURRENT STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT42 5.3MARKET FORECAST45 5.4WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS47 5.5WIND TURBINE COMPONENT SUPPLIERS55 5.6PROJECT DEVELOPERS55 5.7PROJECT ECONOMICS56 6.POTENTIAL PITFALLS FOR WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA58 6.1POLICY59 6.2HUMAN RESOURCES60 6.3WIND FARM PERFORMANCE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY63 6.4GRID INTEGRATION64 7.RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE GTZ CHINA WIND POWER PROJECT67 7.1WIND POWER EDUCATION TRAINING68 7.2RD AND TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY BUILDING70 7.3INFORMATION SERVICES71 7.4FINAL REMARKS73 Bibliography72Textprobe:Text Sample: Chapter 6.1, Potential Pitfalls for Wind Power Development in China: Wind power in China faces a series of adverse outer influences at present. Most of these are not expected to constitute insurmountable barriers to wind power development, but will impact the pace of development nonetheless. The financial crisis on Wall Street that has spread to financial markets around the world, spurs serious worries of a global economic downturn. The renewable energy sector is hit particularly hard by a deterioration of investor confidence, since many observers assume that renewable energy development same as environmental concerns will be shelved until the economies show signs of recovery. The wind industry in China will not be exempt from negative effects of the crisis. Since raising capital will prove difficult in this situation, planned IPOs will be moved back and investments may be deferred. The fall in oil prices in fear of a recession contributes to increase the discrepancy in profitability between conventional power and renewable energy projects (decrease the relative competitiveness of renewables). The rise in coal prices and the credit squeeze further draws liquidity from the market for project development. Rising prices in raw materials drive the increase in wind turbine prices. However, wind power development in China also faces a series of challenges of intrinsic nature. The tremendous pace at which the Chinese wind power sector has been evolving entails an inherent risk of undesirable developments. Reports of wind turbines not performing as expected or even collapsing, lack of due diligence in planning of wind farms, serial production errors in turbines, the counterfeiting of components. These incidents are often portrayed as isolated, but may be representative of greater erroneous trends in the industry. Government regulation will be essential in addressing the issues at stake and preventing them from becoming fundamental barriers to future wind power development. Policy: As mentioned before, government renewable energy and wind power policy have been the single most important driver for wind power development around the world. This is also true for China. A combination of wind power development targets, mandatory market share requirements, economic incentives and protective policies have created a burgeoning wind power market and a thriving domestic industry. Nevertheless, in order to prevent a bust from following the boom, a few adjustments of the policy framework are necessary in order to provide for sustained wind power development. Restrictive government policies, particularly with regard to wind power pricing and foreign investment, pose a serious barrier to the exploitation of a diverse set of investment sources for wind power development in China. Obstructive regulations for FDI, especially with regard to debt financing and CDM project ownership, serve as deterrents for foreign investors. Modes for participation in the regulatory process are unclear, as are rights to appeal regulatory decisions. The lack of a clear pricing policy guaranteeing secure and attractive profit margins for wind power projects has kept many potential investors at bay. Limited access to proper financing and insurance further discourages private and foreign investors. The development of a competitive power sector is also impeded by the dominance of state-owned power generators, who retain strong and often opaque links to state funds, while their levels of profit, subsidies and cross-subsidisation are undisclosed. The government has largely recognized the challenge to open up the market to private and foreign investors. Movement towards further improvement of the policy framework governing wind power is visible. Recently, the government has been addressing many of the most important barriers impeding wind power development. Wind power pricing policy has been slowly moving towards a more predictable and lucrative system of fixed feed-in tariffs. Government action has been taken to alleviate deficiencies regarding reliable wind resource data and the innovation capability of the domestic industry. According to some observers, CDM regulations are expected to be loosened in favour of foreign investors. Still, a number of challenges remain to be addressed, demanding government guidance in order to facilitate sustained, long-term development of wind power in China: - Enforce efforts to provide adequate wind power education and training programmes to ease the human resource deficit. - Establish strong mandatory wind turbine certification standards and support capacity building in the field of turbine testing, in order to ensure turbine quality/reliability and in the long-run improve global competitiveness of the domestic wind industry. - Facilitate smooth grid integration of wind power by: - strengthening the national power grid and interregional transmission capacity, taking into consideration the integration of wind power in the design of grid expansion plans by establishing management regulations and technical specifications to integrate wind power into grid planning; - mapping out comprehensive wind power development plans on national and provincial level in consultation with the grid companies, taking into account construction of other power generation capacity, (interregional) transmission capacity as well as the specific requirements of wind power grid integration; - redoubling research efforts with regard to the analysis of the influence of extensive deployment of wind power on the operation and management of the power grid, intensifying studies on accurate wind power forecasting to allow for effective dispatch of power and establishing a national grid code for wind turbines to ensure maximum electricity output of wind farms. - Tweak FDI, CDM and wind power policies to allow for more diversity in investment and enhance the efficiency of the power sector by creating a fair and open market. Clarify wind power pricing policies and facilitate access to government subsidized bank loans. - Increase transparency within the wind industry and power sector, e.g. with regard to information on wind farm energy output and turbine availability, in order to facilitate competition and intra-industry learning processes, enable timely identification of challenges and build investor confidence. Information transparency is also necessary to improve energy demand and (wind power) supply forecasts and thus provide for proper dispatch of power plants.

Vor dem Hintergrund der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands, des Zusammenbruchs des äußeren und inneren Imperiums der UdSSR und schließlich des Endes des Kalten Krieges untersucht diese Studie die Praxis der sowjetischen Außenpolitik in den Jahren 1985 bis 1991. Angesichts der dramatischen Realität versucht sie die von verschiedenen Wissenschaftlern geforderte Mehrebenen-Analyse anzuwenden. Sie stellt: 1. die sowjetische Außenpolitik dieser Jahre dar und versucht 2. deren Logik auf der Folie von Elementen des neuen Denkens, der Faktoren von Glasnost und Perestrojka sowie - last but not least - von Institutionen und Personen nachzugehen. (BIOst-Dok)

Initial studies of the deformations of Val d'Aran churches /J. Lluis I. Ginovart, S. Coll-Pla, A. Costa-Jover, M. Lopez Piquer, E. Ros Barbosa, A. Royo Bareng, J. Fabregat Gonzalez --Colonial city planning in Penang with a special reference to the government buildings /A.S. Hassan, M.H. Abdul Nasir --Urban heritage and conservation in the historic centre of Baghdad /Mazin Al-Saffar --A methodology for the conservation of small Anatolian cities planned between 1920 and 1960 /Zeren Önsel Atala, S. Yildiz Salman --Anti-seismic presidia in the historical building of L'Aquila: the role of the wooden elements /Alessandro Tosone, Alessandra Bellicoso --Analysis of building systems and technological characterization of medieval shipyard /Alessandra Pagliuca, Domenico Debenedictis --Prevention, monitoring and conservation for a smart management of the cultural heritage /Antonella Guida, Vito D. Porcari --Preliminary study for retrofitting of a historical wooden structure using base isolation system /C. Cuadra, Y. Furui --Knowing to preserve: the building cognition process for the conservation of St'Anne Charterhouse, Coventry, UK /Rafaela Simonato Citron --Impact of traffic vibration on the temple of Minerva Medica, Rome: preliminary study within the CO.B.RA. project /Ivan Roselli, Vincenzo Fioriti, Irene Bellagamba, Marialuisa Mongelli, Angelo Tatì, Mariarosaria Barbera, Marina Magnani Cianetti, Gerardo De Canio --Non-destructive evaluation of a Dieste's historical reinforced brick masonry church /Leandro D. Domenech, Agustín Spalvier, Gonzalo Moltini, Alina B. Aulet, Gonzalo P. Cetrangolo --Material properties of heritage wrought steel structure based on tests /Karel Jung, Jana Markova, Petr Pokorny, Miroslav Sykora --A case study: restoration of historical museum in Sarajevo (1963) :a modernist ruin /Amir Caušević, Aida Idrizbegović-Zgonić, Nerman Rustempašić, Lejla Kahrović Handžić --Austro-Hungarian fortification in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro. Cultural heritage between value, touristic potential and extinction /Volker Konstantin Pachauer --Conservation rural space : the case of agricultural cooperative settlements and open space in Israel /Irit Amit-Cohen --Analysis of ancient ventilation and illumination practices in Anatolian Seljuk and Ottoman hospitals and suggestions for their conservation measures /Gülșen Dișli --The need for defence in the Alicante coast in the 16th century: the Rejas Tower /Ma Asunción López-Peral, Encarnación García-González, Ma Dolores Andújar-Montoya --Industrial heritage in southwest Sardinia: the case of the Monteponi mine in Iglesias /Rossella Putzolu --Non-destructive testing of the historic timber roof structures of the National Museum in Stockholm, Sweden /Karin Ericsson, Ewa Karawajczyk, Robert Kliger, Thomas Lechner, Elzbieta Lukaszewska, Witold Misztal, Tomasz Nowak --The typology of the historical timber bridges of Turkey /Süheyla Yilmaz, Halide Sert, Nurdam Apaydin --Augmented diagnostics for the architectural heritage /Mariella De Fino, Albina Scioti, Rocco Rubino, Alessandra Pierucci, Fabio Fatiguso --Management and assessment of heritage buildings in the city of Havana through the prioritization of emergency actions /Ignacio Piñero, Leire Garmendia, Alesandra Gandini, Jesús Cuadrado, José Tomás San-José, Ignacio Marcos, Ramón Sancibrián --Security and safety management and role of laser scanning in unique and peculiar cultural heritage sites such as the Papal Basilica and the Sacred Convent of Saint Francis in Assisi in Italy /Fabio Garzia, Domenica Costantino, Valerio Baiocchi --The dialogue between ancient and modern materials in the restoration of a collapsed ancient chapel /Antonio Galiano-Garrigós. Victor Echarri-Iribarren, Angel-Benigno González-Avilés, María Dolores Andújar-Montoya --Semi-automatic generation of BIM models for cultural heritage /Facundo José López, Pedro Martin Lerones, José Llamas, Jaime Gómez-García=Bermejo, Eduardo Zalama --Sustainable conservation for historical buildings in Mediterranean cities /A. Afify --Assessment of large deformations on Romanesque masonry pillars: the case of Santa Maria de Arties (XII-XIII) at Valle de Aran, Spain /Josep Lluis I Ginovart, Sergio Coll-Pla, Agustí Costa-Jover, Mónica López Piquer --Italian railway stations heritage /Emilia Garda, Alberto Gerbino, Marika Mangosio --Rejuvenating the shophouse: conservation of historical buildings in Penang's UNESCO World Heritage Site /Zahari Zubir, Koh Jing Hao, Nor Hayati Hussain, Prince Favis Isip --The future of memory: the House of the XXIV by Fernando Tavora /Daniela Ladiana, Michele Di Sivo --Drawing for heritage dissemination: the birth of Madrid's Ciudad /José Luis González Casas, Jara Muñoz Hernández.

Introduction / Paolo D. Farah and Elena Cima -- The development of global justice and sustainable development principles in the WTO multilateral trading system and in the GSP+ through the lens of non-trade concerns / Paolo D. Farah -- Economic globalization and social rights : the role of the International Labor Organization and the WTO / Claudio Di Turi -- Multinational corporations and corporate social responsibility in a Chinese context : an international law perspective / Angelica Bonfanti -- Rights interest litigation, socio-economic rights and Chinese labor law reform / Leïla Choukroune -- Law, culture, and the politics of Chinese outward foreign investment / Valentina Sara Vadi -- Chinese investment in Africa : strengthening the balance sheet / Mark Klaver and Michael Trebilcock -- Soft, complex and fragmented international climate change practice : what implications for international trade law? / Francesco Sindico -- The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the international regime of climate change / Thomas Deleuil -- The Kyoto protocol : carbon pricing and trade prospects : the clean development mechanism from the perspective of the developing countries / Marion Lemoine -- The role of domestic policies in fostering technology transfer : evidence from China / Elena Cima -- China's environmental legislation and its trend towards scientific development / He Weidong -- Research on the reform of the judicial relief system for environmental disputes in China / Luo Li -- The impact of the Kyoto protocol and UNFCCC on Chinese law and the consequential reforms to fight climate change / Carla Peng -- The development of NGOs in China: a case study on their involvement with climate change / Zhixiong Huang -- A comparison between shale gas in China and unconventional fuel development in the United States : health, water and environmental risks / Paolo D. Farah & Riccardo Tremolada -- Understanding non-trade concerns through comparative Chinese and European philosophy of law / Jean Yves Heurtebise -- The right to food in international law and wto law : an appraisal / Flavia Zorzi Giustiniani -- The right to food in China : cultural foundation, present and future / Ning Libiao -- Projections of China's food security to 2030 : obligations as an agricultural superpower / James R. Simpson -- China and the recognition and protection of the human right to water / Roberto Soprano -- China meets Hollywood at WTO : Janus' faces of freedom ; standards of right and wrong between national and international moralities / Christophe Germann -- Cultural products and the WTO : China's domestic censorship and media control policies / Rogier Creemers -- Trade in audiovisuals : the case of china / Anselm Kamperman Sanders -- Rise and demise of us social media in china : a touchstone of WTO and BIT regulations / Danny Friedmann -- Can trade restrictions be justified by moral values? : revisiting the seals disputes through a law and economics analysis / Julien Chaisse & Xinjie Luan -- Health protection measures as barriers to EU exports to China in the framework of the WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary measures / Denise Prévost -- SPS, public health and environmental provisions in East Asia RTAs : Asean and China / Lorenzo Di Masi -- Product safety in the framework of the WTO agreement on technical barriers to trade / Lukasz Gruszczynski -- Non-trade concerns and consumer protection in China : surrounding issues / Piercarlo Rossi -- Legal protection of consumers in developing countries : an Asian perspective / A. Rajendra Prasad -- From remedy of damage to risk prevention. an analysis of the new legislative implications of the chapter on "product liability" in China's tort liability law from the perspective of consumer protection / Hu Junhong -- Tort liability for the compensation of damages caused by dangerous substances in China / Nadia Coggiola -- The protection of biotechnological innovation by patent in the United States, Europe, France, and China : a comparative study from the perspective of the TRIPS agreement / Shujie Feng, Xin Shu & Ningning Zhang -- Public health, intellectual property rights, and developing countries' access to medicines / Jayashree Watal -- The relationship between the TRIPS agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) : intellectual property and genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folk protection from a Chinese perspective / Jianqiang Nie -- Grasping knowledge in emerging markets : is this the case of western pharmaceutical companies in china? / Francesca Spigarelli & Andrea Filippetti

Chapter1. The Sustainable Development of Green Space in the Tourism Zone of Moc Chau Mountains (Son La, Vietnam) -- Chapter2. Wooden Funeral Sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the Vietnam Central Highlands: Conservation or Destruction?- Chapter3. Traditional Concepts on "Sustainability" in Vietnamese Culture and the Impacts on Forming Modern Values of Sustainable Development -- Chapter4. Educational Renovation in a Restructuring Society: Vietnam's Case Study -- Chapter5. Tourism Climate Indicators (TCI) Applied in Moc Chau District (Son La, Vietnam). Chapter6. Carbon Footprint of Vietnam's Small Urban Areas (A Case Study of Ha Dong District, Hanoi) -- Chapter7. Agriculture Land Conversion and Its Implications for Food Requirements and Farming in Vietnamese Northern Mountains -- Chapter8. Urban Exclusion: Theoretical Approaches and Emerging Trajectories for Vietnam -- Chapter9. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Analyze Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Vietnam National University, Hanoi -- Chapter10. Creating an Added-Value Capital of Forest Based on the Local Knowledge of Tai in Tuong Duong (Nghe An, Vietnam) -- Chapter11. Minimizing the Negative Effects of Irrigation and Hydropower System on Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection in the Huong River Basin -- Chapter12. Socio-Economic Development towards Sustainable Ecological Model in Vietnam -- Chapter13. Perennial Cropping System Development and Economic Performance of Perennial Cropping System in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam -- Chapter14. Sustainable Agriculture Development in Vietnam -- Chapter15. Community Participation in Urban Planning in Vietnam towards Sustainable Development - Prospects and Challenges -- Chapter16. Current Status and Impact of Imbalance of Sex Ratio at Birth in the Son La Province, Vietnam -- Chapter17. Obstacles in the Sustainable Development of Industry in Ethnic Minorities' Areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta (Kien Giang and Can Tho) -- Chapter18. Integrating Sustainable Development into National Policy: The Practice of Vietnam -- Chapter19. Building Human Capital for Sustainable Development: Experience from Some East Asia Countries and Policy Implications for Vietnam -- Chapter20. Mapping Marine Functional Zoning for the Northern Tonkin Coastal Zone, Vietnam -- Chapter21. Rainfall Regime and Its Impact on Water Resources on Ly Son Island, Central Vietnam -- Chapter22. Factors Affecting Community Forest Management in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam -- Chapter23. Impacts of Urban Expansion on Landscape Pattern Changes: A Case Study of Da Nang City, Vietnam -- Chapter24. An Assessment of Pollution Load Capacity of Son La Hydropower Reservoir in the Northwest Mountains of Vietnam 40 -- Chapter25. An Approach for Prioritising Climate Change Mitigation Measures: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City -- Chapter26. Developing Agricultural Production of Ethnic Minority Households in the Context of Climate Change (Lak District, Dak Lak Province, Central Highland of Vietnam) -- Chapter27. Detecting Flash Flood Susceptible Areas Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model: A Case Study of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam -- Chapter28. Implementing Agricultural Land Use Solutions to Adapt Climate Change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta -- Chapter29. Geothermal Renewable Energy in Vietnam: A Current Status Overview and Proposing Solutions for Development -- Chapter30. Study on stand structure of secondary mangrove forest; Sonneratia caseolaris - Aegicerus corniculatum stand for introducing silvofishery systems to shrimp-culture ponds -- Chapter31. Evaluation the effectiveness of sheath blight disease controlling on rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani in green house condition by applying some biofungicides -- Chapter32. Consideration on the Use Sentinel-1 Radar Image and GIS for Flood Mapping in the Lai Giang River Basin of Binh Dinh Province (Central Coast Vietnam) -- Chapter33. Studying Shoreline Change in Ky Anh Coastal Area of Ha Tinh Province during 1989-2013 based on the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) -- Chapter34. How Do Yao Farmers Cope with Extreme Weather Events with Their Indigenous Knowledge? A Case Study of Mo Vang Mountains (Yen Bai, Vietnam) -- Chapter35. Multilevel Governance Roles in Land Use Change: Lessons for REDD+ from the Case Study in Nghe An Province, Vietnam -- Chapter36. Technical Efficiency of Irrigation Water Use of Robusta Coffee Production in the Dong Nai river basin (Vietnam): A case study of Lam Dong province -- Chapter37. Climate Change Vulnerability of Agriculture in Coastal Communes of Quang Tri Province, Vietnam -- Chapter38. A GIS Application in Optimizing the Collection and Transportation Route of Domestic Solid Waste in Hue City, Vietnam -- Chapter39. Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Context of Climate Change: Develop a Water Security Index for Water Resources Management in Vietnam -- Chapter40. An Integrated Approach for Saltwater Intrusion Monitoring based on Remote Sensing combined with Multivariable Analysis: A Case Study of Coastal Zone in Southern Vietnam -- Chapter41. Diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Hoang Lien - Van Ban Nature Reserve (Lao Cai, Vietnam): Implications for Local Livelihood Improvement and Biodiversity Conservation -- Chapter42. Quantify Forest Stand Volume Using SPOT 5 Satellite Image -- Chapter43. Evaluating Impact of Climate Change to Fishing Productivity of Vietnam: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Regression Model -- Chapter44. An Experimental Study on Using Biogas Slurry to Improve the Water Quality of Aqua-Culture Systems in Acid Sulfate Soil Areas -- Chapter45. Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Vulnerability in the Coastal Aquifers in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam -- Chapter46. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Urban Planning of Vietnamese Coastal Towns toward Sustainable Development -- Chapter47. Mike Flood Application for Solving Inundation Issues for Ho Chi Minh City in The Context of Climate Change: A Case Study in the District 1 -- Chapter48. Enhancing the Efficiency of Land Dispute Mediation for Ethnic Minorities in Van Canh district (Binh Dinh, Vietnam) -- Chapter49. A Stakeholder Delphi Study on Local Communities Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Area: Case Study in An Duong District (Hai Phong, Vietnam) -- Chapter50. Assessing Flash Flood Risks based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS): A Case Study of Hieu Catchment (Nghe An, Vietnam) -- Chapter51. Analysis and Prediction of Noise Pollution from Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Loi Hai Wind Power Plant (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam) -- Chapter52. An Environmental Zoning for Sustainable Development in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam -- Chapter53. Climate Change Vulnerability of Urban Development in the Phanrang-Thapcham (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam).

Die sozio-technischen Verhältnisse der digitalen Transformation fordern Vorstellungen des "souveränen Staates" und des "souveränen Subjekts" heraus. In den Debatten um die "digitale Souveränität" werden diese Herausforderungen problematisiert. "Souveränität" ist allerdings ein komplexes Konzept. Es wird Aufgabe der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften sein, im Dialog mit den Technikwissenschaften differenzierte Perspektiven auf "(digitale) Souveränität" herauszuarbeiten und damit Orientierungswissen für die gesellschaftliche Selbstverständigung im digitalen Zeitalter sowie die Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation zu entwickeln. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes stellen sich dieser Aufgabe und bieten Impulse aus den Perspektiven unterschiedlicher Disziplinen der Geistes-, Sozial- und Technikwissenschaften.

Pt. 1: Hearing, April 9, 1997. - III,215 S. - graph. Darst., Tab. - ISBN 0-16-055574-4; Pt. 2: Administration witnesses. - Hearing, April 17, 1997. - III,54 S. - ISBN 0-16-055875-1

Die vorliegende Studie ist Teil I einer zweiteiligen Darstellung der rumänischen Bemühungen, die eigene kommunistische Vergangenheit aufzuarbeiten. Diese Bemühungen gestalteten sich außerordentlich schwierig: Zwar erlebte Rumänien am Jahresende 1989 die aufwühlendste Revolution, die nichts vom "samtenen" Charakter vergleichbarer Umstürze im übrigen Osteuropa aufwies, doch wurden danach binnen sieben postkommunistischer Jahre alle hoffnungsvollen Anfänge vertan, verwässert, behindert, verfälscht. Seit November 1996 hat Rumänien eine neue politische Führung, der eine wirkliche Aufarbeitung zuzutrauen ist. Auf diese neuen Ansätze wird im zweiten Teil der Darstellung detailliert eingegangen, während der erste Teil die Jahre unter Ion Iliescus Führung schildert, in denen eine halbherzige "Aufarbeitung" des Ceauescu-Erbes im Grunde nur verdeckte, daß man zu einer wirklichen Auseinandersetzung mit Geist und Form des Kommunismus in Rumänien weder fähig noch willens war. Beide Teile basieren auf allgemein zugänglichen Quellen vorwiegend rumänischer Provenienz. (BIOst-Dok)