Suchergebnisse

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

In the article, libraries, archives and museums are explored as the constituents of social institutes realizing state policy of social, historical and national memory The institutes organize deposition of memory sources, conduct scientific inquiry and identification, study the origins of documents, museum exhibits and collections, the history of documental heritage. Their main functions are preservation and study of historical and cultural sources, sharing unbiased information and scientifically grounded knowledge concerning the documental cultural heritage and the sources' use in contemporary information analysis, memorial, socio-political, cultural-educational and other events, aimed at the formation and consolidation of national memory. It is believed, that through the abovementioned actions these social institutions contribute to the informational safety of a country, its integration into the world humanitarian space. The institutions activity provides governmental figures, educators, scientists and cultural figures with unbiased information, conduces countermeasures against the tendentious interpretation of historical process and the deformation of memorial senses of the past and modernity, the manipulation of historical facts and socio-cultural factors sense

Посібник містить ключові терміни, формули та категорії національної економіки. The guide includes key terms, formulas and categories of the national economy.

Problem setting. At the present stage of the nation, the problem of subject determination of the Ukrainian national idea becomes more urgent and requires understanding both in society and in the scientific community. Recent research and publications analysis. The problems of research of the Ukrainian national idea are mainly focused on generalizing the historical experience of the Ukrainian state-building through the prism of forming the national idea and understanding the process offormation and content of the Ukrainian national idea. Paper objective. The purpose of the study is to clarify the substantive certainty of the Ukrainian national idea at the present stage of nationalization. The following tasks are solved for its realization: to follow the meaningful evolution of the concept «Ukrainian national idea», to define its historical connotations. Paper main body. It is found that the formation of the Ukrainian national idea begins in parallel with the processes of nationalization - already in the 16-17 centuries. The first attempts were made to formulate the outline of the national idea of the Ukrainians, however, the active search for the formula of the Ukrainian national idea dates back to the 19 century. public associations of the first quarter of the twentieth century, especially during the Ukrainian Revolution. It is proved that with the gaining of independence there is a kind of Renaissance of the Ukrainian national idea, which took place against the background of the revival of national traditions of the Ukrainian people, the achievement of its spiritual unity. It has been found out that the national idea is a moving, dynamic phenomenon that reflects the common interest, the common needs of the nation and the representation of the nation's representatives about the complex of means necessary for its progressive and sustainable development. Such means are an effective socio-economic management system based on political, economic, legal, moral subsystems. The worldviews of such a system are ...

In this article national ecological network is analyzed as an environmental management strategy and not in the traditional legislative aspect. The necessity to rethink the traditional static approach is caused by the fact that considering the national ecological network exclusively as a sustainable territorial system of objects under environmental protection and underestimating its format as a dynamic environmental management strategy led to the failure to implement the State-Wide Program of the National Ecological Network of Ukraine Formation for 2000-2015. The strategy process management of formation, sustainable use and protection of the national ecological network should use the whole set of tools foreseen by the current environmental legislation of Ukraine. Management plans, such as those used during the design of the Emerald Network, should be developed for each structural element of the ecological network. Ecosystem conservation programs and other environmental protection measures must be adequately funded and implemented as planned. It is worth to form the special permanently acting central Agency in the sphere of the formation of the National Environmental network in Ukraine and its regional offices for making and implementing the local programs and schemes of the formation of the environmental network that are included in the General Scheme of the territory planning in Ukraine. The strategic environmental management will improve the interaction of organizational and legal mechanisms aimed at preservation of landscape and biological diversity, increase of the natural resource potential and recreational attractiveness of Ukraine. The dynamics of the ecological network should be reflected not only in the gradual extension of its territory in Ukraine, but also in the general improvement and constant monitoring of the environment due to the updated environmental management strategy, in particular to balanced environmental planning and effective environmental control.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine "On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine concerning ensuring national information security and the right to access reliable information". The document was published for public discussion on January 20 this year by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports of Ukraine. A careful law analysis by information sphere professionals, not officials, shows that we are dealing with an amazing mix of Soviet approaches to combating dissidents and a modern, innovative approach to making money on penalties from unscrupulous information disseminators. The creation of a state-funded staff of the Media Oversight Commissioner poses a particular threat to freedom of speech in Ukraine. After all, any structure is not physically able to investigate the entire array of disseminated information. Therefore, in practice, there will be a temptation to apply selective control only over some inconvenient for authorities information disseminators. The adoption of this normative legal act will lead to unjustified restrictions on information dissemination and freedom of speech, will force to once again give humiliating explanations in the advisory bodies of the Council of Europe on compliance with European standards and values. As a result, reputational losses for Ukraine, as a country that, although struggling, paves the way to a civilized Europe, in the case of this project adoption will far outweigh the damage from the spread of any fakes, most of which die before they are born.

The essence and political-legal nature of constitutional-legal provision of national security in Ukraine are revealed. The role of the Constitution of Ukraine in the process of ensuring national interests and the formation of a security environment has been studied. An analysis of the system-forming and organizational and constituent function of the Constitution of Ukraine in this area has been carried out. The main content of the constitutional and legal provision of national security in Ukraine is disclosed. A study has been carried out of the main provisions of the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine in the field of establishing the foundations for the implementation of national security. An analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine has been carried out with a view to consolidating and regulating certain principles of the functioning of the national security system of Ukraine. The basic principles of constitutional and legal regulation of the organizational and institutional component of the national security system are defined. The special State legal nature of the Constitution of Ukraine as a central element in the organization of national security was studied. The Constitution of Ukraine contains provisions of a predominantly general nature, which determine the system of guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms, determine the foundations and priorities of the national security policy, and it is its provisions that ensure the unity of architects and organizational coherence of the existence of the national security system of Ukraine. At the same time, there is a significant lack of constitutional and legal regulation in this area. In particular, the Constitution of Ukraine (arts. 17-18) defines the obligation of participation of society and citizens of Ukraine in ensuring only certain components of national security: information, economic, military. In other areas, such participation is not a constitutional and legal obligation of citizens. In addition, the very concept and content ...

Ukraine, which is currently facing of a cluster of various serious problems, has to revise its strategies of state building. A state without a consolidated society and a clear national idea has no future. Ukrainian sociology and the political forces are in a situation of ongoing conflictization. It is necessary to formulate and explain the genuine content of the category "national idea", which is crucial for Ukrainian society. To classify social conflicts it is necessary to apply an integrative approach, as the methodological foundation for any analytical study of conflicts. In the framework of an integrative approach conflicts are usually regarded not only as a narrative of ruin, a source of death, but also as a certain change that gives the chance to create a new society, as a source of progress. This study analyzes aspects of the conflictization of the national idea in modernity as exemplified by the political studies of the Ukrainian intellectual Ivan Franko.
To formulate the ultimate goal it is important to note that the importance of the creation of the national idea and Ukrainian national self-determination depends on the clarification of favorable conditions and problematic historical aspects of political, juridical, and other societal practices. In order to preserve their territorial integrity Ukrainians should understand the nature of conflictization, which entails not only a divide, but at the same time progress. To unite society it is necessary to orient the people toward some clearly formulated common goal. It turns out that conflictization corroborates the level of conflicts of Ukrainian society. This enforces its movement and progress, because conflictization is in the first place determined by a strong bipolarity of trends and disharmony of thoughts. Therefore, it is important to take into account clearly formulated ideas put forward by various opinion leaders and to disseminate them among the population.

The article explores the political foundations of cooperation between the Ukrainian state and foreign Ukrainians. The state of protection of their rights in their countries of residence is analyzed. The need for detailed legislative regulation of the mechanism of interaction with the Ukrainian diaspora is being considered, which will positively affect the political image of Ukraine. The author considers that preserving the centers of national identity of the Ukrainian diaspora abroad provides considerable opportunities for utilizing the potential of popular diplomacy to promote Ukraine's national interests in the international arena, strengthening international and regional cooperation. At present, an institutional mechanism has been established in Ukraine in the sphere of development of relations with foreign Ukrainians and their associations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is responsible for this area. The author considers that an important aspect in securing the rights and cooperation with the Ukrainian diaspora is the approval by the Government of the State program of cooperation with foreign Ukrainians. Currently, the State Program for Cooperation with Foreign Ukrainians by 2020, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of Ukraine, is relevant. The article analyzes the influence of foreign Ukrainians on political image. The author argues that Foreign Ukrainians play a significant role in establishing Ukraine in the international community. It is an important demographic, intellectual, socio - cultural and information resource of the country. At the present stage, Ukraine's national interests require state support for maintaining the Ukrainian identity of the diaspora, including ensuring that its rights and freedoms are properly maintained, promoting the preservation of the Ukrainian language and culture in the diaspora environment, assisting in the implementation of educational programs and projects within Ukrainian communities.

The analysis of the political content of the category of "national sovereignty" from the standpoint of the theory of political systems is conducted. The problem of subjectivity and scope of the implementation of national sovereignty was considered. It was determined that the political characteristics of this category are not only to the sphere of international relations, and largely deterministic dynamics of power relations of actors in the political system. The author argues that the process of implementing national sovereignty is the competitive nature of the struggle in society for the influence on the adoption of state decisions and, ultimately, the struggle for state power. This means the dependence of the category "national sovereignty" on the distribution of power resources in society, as well as the differentiation of real subjects of political power within the nation ; Здійснено аналіз політичного змісту категорії «національний суверенітет» із точки зору теорії політичних систем. Розглянуто проблему суб'єктності національного суверенітету та сфери його реалізації. Визначено, що політичні характеристики даної категорії відносяться не лише до сфери міжнародних відносин, а значною мірою детерміновані динамікою відносин суб'єктів влади в конкретній політичній системі. Автор доводить, що процес реалізації національного суверенітету носить конкурентний характер боротьби в суспільстві за вплив на прийняття державних рішень і в кінцевому підсумку – боротьби за державну владу. Це означає залежність категорії «національний суверенітет» від розподілу ресурсів влади в суспільстві, а також передбачає диференціацію реальних суб'єктів політичної влади всередині нації.

The analysis of the political content of the category of "national sovereignty" from the standpoint of the theory of political systems is conducted. The problem of subjectivity and scope of the implementation of national sovereignty was considered. It was determined that the political characteristics of this category are not only to the sphere of international relations, and largely deterministic dynamics of power relations of actors in the political system. The author argues that the process of implementing national sovereignty is the competitive nature of the struggle in society for the influence on the adoption of state decisions and, ultimately, the struggle for state power. This means the dependence of the category "national sovereignty" on the distribution of power resources in society, as well as the differentiation of real subjects of political power within the nation ; Здійснено аналіз політичного змісту категорії «національний суверенітет» із точки зору теорії політичних систем. Розглянуто проблему суб'єктності національного суверенітету та сфери його реалізації. Визначено, що політичні характеристики даної категорії відносяться не лише до сфери міжнародних відносин, а значною мірою детерміновані динамікою відносин суб'єктів влади в конкретній політичній системі. Автор доводить, що процес реалізації національного суверенітету носить конкурентний характер боротьби в суспільстві за вплив на прийняття державних рішень і в кінцевому підсумку – боротьби за державну владу. Це означає залежність категорії «національний суверенітет» від розподілу ресурсів влади в суспільстві, а також передбачає диференціацію реальних суб'єктів політичної влади всередині нації.

Сучасна Україна є однiєю з найдавнiших i найбагатших європейських культурних традицiй у полiтичному, етнiчному, релiгiйному та цивiлiзацiйному сенсах. Вiдсутнiсть безперервної традицiї державностi, колонiальний статус українських земель у складi iнших держав мають не лише негативнi наслiдки (недовiра до державних органiв влади, iнституцiйна слабкiсть української держави, вiдтiк найталановитiшої та найактивнiшої частини населення до центрiв колишнiх iмперiй, рiзна iсторична пам'ять, вiдмiнний полiтичний i соцiально-економiчний розвиток, слабкiсть громадянського суспiльства), але й позитивнi (досвiд життя i виживання в рiзних цивiлiзацiйних системах, досвiд мiжкультурної та мiжрелiгiйної комунiкацiї i взаємодiї). У результатi цього ми — сучаснi українцi — маємо культурний i полiтичний вибiр. Ми можемо вiльно обирати, яку державу та країну хочемо побудувати, використовуючи наше складне минуле як корисний ресурс для подальшого розвитку. Нацiональною iдеєю українцiв має стати iдея захисту рiвних прав i свобод вiльної людини у вiльнiй країнi. Кожен сучасний громадянин України може поєднувати свою нацiонально-полiтичну iдентичнiсть з iдентичнiстю етнiчного походження, не протиставляючи їх. Отже, ми можемо говорити про українцiв кримсько-татарського, угорського, польського, росiйського, бiлоруського, нiмецького, болгарського, грецького походження тощо. Вiдсутнiсть єдиного «канонiчного» нацiонального iсторичного наратива слiд розглядати як нашу перевагу, оскiльки це дозволяє побудувати нацiональний iсторичний наратив на сучасних засадах як iсторичний наратив культурної конвергенцiї (взаємодiї), який буде бiльш адекватним до сучасних тенденцiй розвитку свiту в напрямку бiльшої вiдкритостi i iнклюзивностi. Україна — прецедент нацiональної культури з надзвичайно взаємопроникними («прозорими») кордонами, що вiдповiдає сучасним тенденцiям полiтики постмодерного свiту. Тому «слабкiсть» української iсторiї (як iсторiописання) має бути переосмислена як «сила» нової iсторiографiї. ; Modern Ukraine is one of the oldest and richest ...

The article analyzes the history of the development of the political movement of the National Democrats, also known as endecs, in Poland during the interwar period. The process of appearance of the movement in the previous stateless period of the history of Poland, the formation of the foundations of their ideology is considered. The peculiarities of the development of the national democratic movement in the conditions of the revival of the independent II Rzeczpospolita, creation of new political organizations by the endecs, their participation in parliamentary life and government are described. Attention is drawn to the development of ideological postulates of the movement in which the evolution of the views of Polish nationalism of the first half of the 20th century was reflected. The National Democrats opposed the ideas of marshal J. Pilsudski and his political camp, who were for creating a federal state of peoples in the territories between the Black and Baltic Seas, and wished to build a mono-ethnic state within the boundaries of the resettlement of the Polish people. The views of the endek people on the solution of the national question in the interwar Polish state, which developed the concept of national assimilation of the foreign ethnic group in the Polish environment, are separately highlighted. Important in the ideology of Polish national democracy were the postulates of building a socially-corporate society with the rule of elites where the nation was seen as the highest value and was viewed as a living organism where each of its members fulfills the role assigned to it. Also endecs were opponents of liberalism, individualism and market economy. Stressed the importance of traditions and the Catholic Church for maintaining the unity of the Polish people. Separately, the article examines the land and educational policy of the ruling camp, headed by the National Democrats. In land policy, endeki contributed to the strengthening of Polish landowners in the eastern lands inhabited by the non-Polish majority of the II Rzeczpospolita and contributed to the Polish resettlement movement on these lands, in particular, the actions of settling Polish military colonists. In education they defended the idea of assimilation of Ukrainians, Lithuanians and Byelorussians through the liquidation of the national education and the introduction of bilingual and exclusively Polish-speaking education. The activities of the Polish national-democratic movement in the interwar period greatly contributed to the aggravation of interethnic relations, the intensification of Polish chauvinism and the oppression of national minorities. This, in turn, led to a deepening of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict, which grew into a bloody confrontation during the Second World War and subsequent years. ; У статті аналізується історія розвитку політичного руху націонал-демократії у Польщі в міжвоєнний період. Його участі в політичному житті та управлінні державою, особливості політики в різних сферах суспільного життя. Висвітлюється ідеологія політичних партій, що були частиною руху. Окремо увагу звертається на погляди націонал-демократів на вирішення національного, а зокрема українського, питання у ІІ Речі Посполитій. Вивчено проблему еволюції націоналістичних рухів та організацій і їх місця у польському суспільстві в 1918 – 1939 роках.