Suchergebnisse

New Paradigm of the public administration, under the name of "new public management" acquired the actual importance in the late 70s and early 80s of the 20th century, while the new view on public administration finally opposed the traditional concept of public sector administration and started to find effective ways to solve the problem33. New public management concept is based on the classic theories of the public sector management and the synthesis of private sector management experience, it is closely linked to the quality and productivity problems in the government. The basic postulates of which is based on the essence of the New Public Management, in the implementation process of Public administration is fucused on product, internal processes and customer service, decentralized responsibility and central management; employee qualification and motivation, teaching and and public impact-oriented administration. An attempt to implement new public management (npm) concept in Georgia started since the country gained its independence. However, since 2004 as a result of the governmental changes in the country radically changed the situation, conducted wide-scale reforms in the direction of improving and optimizing the public administration system in the public sector, where emerging the challenges and opportunities implementation of the basic postulates of New Public Management reform programme. Mentioned process is still actively underway in Georgia. The government is trying to establish the final version of social impact oriented public administration.

This article presents an analytical platform for discussing and analyzing administrative reforms in terms of democracy. First, we present the democratic theory positions represented by output democracy and input democracy. These two positions are used to classify different types of reform. The second explanatory approach on democracy and reforms is transformative, and it applies a mixture of external features, domestic administrative culture, and polity features to understand variations in the democratic aspects of public sector reforms. Central issues are whether these reforms can be seen as alternatives or whether they complement each other in terms of layering processes. Third, we take a broad overview of New Public Management (NPM) and post-NPM reforms and carry out an in-depth analysis of a new administrative policy report by the Norwegian centre-left government. Finally, we discuss briefly the broader comparative implications of our findings.

Der Band behandelt die Thematik, wie Fachhochschulmanagement als Aufgabe und Funktion aufgefasst werden soll, wenn Fachhochschulen die Ziele des Leistungsauftrages erreichen wollen. Der vorliegende konzeptionelle Rahmen für Fachhochschulmanagement berücksichtigt Vorstellungen moderner pädagogischer und unternehmerischer Führung sowie Anliegen von New Public Management. Zudem sind Ideen über Management und Leadership eingeflossen, wie sie schon für die Management-Weiterbildungsstufe an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft Luzern sowie für die Fachhochschule Zentralschweiz entwickelt worden sind. Gliederung: Teil I. Einführung. - Teil II. Fachhochschulmanagement - Rahmenkonzept (1. Einleitung 2. Fachhochschulmanagement aus gesetzlicher Sicht - Vorstellungen in den Fachhochschulkonzepten von betroffenen Höheren Fachschulen 3. Fachhochschulmanagement. Anleihen aus der unternehmerischen Managementlehre - New Public Management 4. Fachhochschulmanagement aus ganzheitlich integrierter Sicht - Berücksichtigung von New Public Management 5. Zusammenfassung). - Teil III. Aufgaben und Funktionen von Fachhochschulmanagement - New Public Management (1. Einleitung 2. Aufgaben von Fachhochschulmanagement 3. Funktionen von Fachhochschulmanagement - New Public Management 3.1. Managementsystem - Prozessmanagement 3.2. Marketing - und Kommunikationsmanagement 3.3. Qualitätsmanagement 3.4. Personalmanagement 3.5. Finanzmanagement - Controlling 3.6. Informations- und Informatikmanagement 4. Zusammenfassung). - Teil IV. Vision von ganzheitlich integriertem Fachhochschulmanagement - Zusammenfassende Thesen (1. Fachhochschulmanagement - Rahmenkonzept 2. Aufgaben von Fachhochschulmanagement - New Public Management 3. Funktionen von Fachhochschulmanagement - New Public Management). - Anhang I. Allgemeines. - Anhang II. Fachhochschulebene 1. Verbund. - Anhang III. Fachhochschulebene 2. Hochschulen als Teilschulen. - Anhang IV. Fachhochschulebene 3. Diplomlehrgänge. - Anhang V. Fachhochschulebene 3. Institute (HoF/Text übernommen)

SummaryWith the passage of time and the accumulation of experience, the hegemony of the New Public Management (NPM) (now no longer new) as the dominant approach to public sector reform has weakened, particularly as applied to developing countries. What alternative frameworks for theory and practice offer insights and guidance beyond the NPM orthodoxy? This article offers some answers to this question and draws upon the contributions to this special issue to explore four analytic strands that constitute post‐NPM approaches to reform: political economy and institutions, public management function over form, iterative and adaptive reform processes, and individual and collective agency. The discussion highlights the significance of functional mimicry, the challenges of measuring results, the practical difficulties in achieving contextual fit and accounting for the inherent uncertainty in reform processes, the tensions between ownership and outside expertise, and unpacking political economy dynamics within various micro‐contexts and across regime types. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The incorporation of National Public Management (npm) in Brazil has challenged the centralizing role of the national government as a policy creator, due to the npm decentralized structure in implementing administrative policy. The author hypothesizes that the introduction of such a decentralized model into the Brazilian national government creates a contradiction to its traditional centralizing role as a policy creator, and forces it to take on the role of a policy manager. This hypothesis is backed up by a research design that relies on process tracing analysis of primary and secondary sources on Brazilian administrative policy in the npm model, and on documentation of neoliberal pressures from the international community to demonstrate the convergence of political discourse. The following analysis will demonstrate the pressure from these political forces on the Brazilian national government to maintain its political legitimacy. This pressure has led to re-centralization by the state in the domestic administrative policy discourse, while the implementation of the npm model and thereof resulting neoliberal policies introduced by the international community have created an administrative decentralized environment. Consequently, the implementation of the npm model has led to fragmentation domestically and challenged the policy agenda of the national government in the centralization of the decision-making process around fiscal and political agendas, while decentralizing the implementation of administrative policies following the npm model with a neoliberal agenda. These findings suggest a need to examine the role of the national government as "Gatekeeper", particularly in regards to changes toward institutional relationships. ; La introducción del modelo de Gestión Pública Nacional (gnp) en Brasil ha representado un desafío para el carácter centralizador del gobierno nacional, considerando la naturaleza descentralizadora que supone dicho modelo para la implementación de la política administrativa. Este trabajo plantea la hipótesis de que la introducción de un modelo descentralizado en el gobierno brasileño genera una contradicción para el ejercicio de su papel tradicional como creador de políticas centralizadas, lo cual obliga al gobierno de este país a asumir un nuevo rol como administrador de políticas. Esta hipótesis se soporta en un diseño metodológico basado en el análisis del rastreo de proceso de fuentes primarias y secundarias acerca de la política administrativa propuesta así como en documentación sobre la presión neoliberal ejercida por la comunidad internacional para demostrar la convergencia del discurso político. El siguiente análisis demostrará la presión de tales fuerzas políticas sobre el gobierno brasileño para mantener su legitimidad política, lo cual ha llevado a la recentralización del Estado en su discurso sobre la política administrativa nacional. Por otro lado, la adopción del modelo gnp y de las políticas neoliberales introducidas por la comunidad internacional, han propiciado un entorno administrativo de carácter descentralizado. En consecuencia, la implementación del modelo ha conducido a una polarización interna, poniendo en riesgo la agenda política que busca la centralización del proceso de toma de decisiones en torno a asuntos fiscales y de política pública; sin embargo, a su vez, ha generado la descentralización en la adopción de políticas administrativas de base neoliberal. Estos hallazgos demuestran la necesidad de examinar el papel del gobierno nacional como Gatekeeper, particularmente en lo que respecta a cambios en las relaciones institucionales.