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The author looks at discussions going on in China among social scientists and other scholars on ethnopsychology or national character of the Chinese people. It is noted that the absolute majority of scholars interpret the national character as a product and sum total of the historical development of Chinese civilisation. (DÜI-Sen)

Perhaps the most pivotal factor in the psychol of modern China has been the conflict subsystem of Chinese behavior. As a framework for studying this system, the extensive data on some 600 prominent individuals of the 1900-1950 period contained in the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF REPUBLICAN CHINA furnish a logical data base & point of departure. Turning first to the conceptual foundations, 'face' is identified as a guiding tenet, characterized by interpersonal definition & conventionalistic structure; also stressed, however, is the high flexibility of Chinese decision-makers under conditions where such concepts as honor, ethics, & morality often obscure the objective self-interest of the Western strategist. From these axiomatic bases, the Chinese view of strategy in the coordinate system of space-time is analyzed. Finally, the general Chinese system of operational strategy is identified as a manipulative mechanism. Chinese emphasis on influencing the opponent's view of reality, his utility orderings, & turning these to one's own advantage is set against Western emphasis on the physical aspects of the objective situation. In this connection, strategy & its mechanisms are related to problems in COMM & signaling, & avenues for future res are suggested. HA.

Perhaps the most pivotal factor in the psycholo gy of modern China has been the conflict subsystem of Chi nese behavior. As a framework for studying this system, the extensive data on some six hundred prominent individuals of the 1900-1950 period contained in the Biographical Diction ary o f Republican China furnish a logical data base and point of departure. Turning first to the conceptual foundations, we identify "face" as a guiding tenet, characterized by interper sonal definition and conventionalistic structure, but also stress the high flexibility of Chinese decision-makers under conditions where such concepts as honor, ethics, and morality often ob scure the objective self-interest of the Western strategist. From these axiomatic bases, the Chinese view of strategy in the co-ordinate system of space-time is analyzed. Finally, the general Chinese system of operational strategy is identified as a manipulative mechanism. Chinese emphasis on influencing the opponent's view of reality, his utility orderings, and turn ing these to one's own advantage is set against Western empha sis on the physical aspects of the objective situation. In this connection, strategy and its mechanisms are related to prob lems in communication and signaling, and avenues for future research are suggested.

"This volume highlights the diverse contributions of military psychologists toward our nation's security and toward the discipline of psychology itself. The United States Armed Forces have frequently led our culture in personnel and policy changes that the general population had difficulty accepting, such as racial integration and the integration of women. In addition, psychologists in the military have used clinical approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and psychopharmacology that have expanded research understanding before widespread adaptation by the general public. Currently, psychologists are working with policymakers to help the public build resiliency and cope with disasters, terrorism, and possible threats to the United States. By putting their skills to work in such areas as personnel management, ergonomics, clinical care, training, leadership and executive development, and social and behavioral research, these individuals have transformed psychology into an integrative discipline that now encompasses aspects of health care and other fields such as information technology and disaster management. This book includes perspectives of psychologists and social scientists representing the uniformed services, research institutions, business, and academia. Readers interested in the history of psychology will learn how our armed services came to be on the cutting edge in many areas of basic and applied science. Readers inside and outside the military will learn lessons from military psychology that they can apply to community-based homeland security efforts"--Jacket. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)

This book attempts to deal with critical issues while they are still being discussed and before final national decisions are made. The various aspects of national health insurance--scientific, professional, social responsibility, and training--will become, in our opinion, controversial and critical issues for psychology in the coming decade or two. This book should be of interest to a substantial proportion of psychologists, since it deals with evaluative, scientific, and consumer issues in addition to areas of professional concern. /// Our intent was to sample the flavor of the national discussion and include divergent points of view where controversy existed, to stimulate psychologists into some consideration of the emerging issues in this critical field, and to provide nonpsychologists and other decision makers with some sense of what psychology has to offer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)