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ABSTRACT. There is widespread agreement that nationalism emerged in the historical fountainheads of modernity, and was subsequently diffused outwards. Contrary to that, there is a long standing view that nationalism precedes modernity even in the broadly accepted cradles of both modernity and nationalism, such as England or France, neither of which was modern when it engendered nationalism. Besides, some emergent nationalisms ran concurrent with their English or French counterparts, with little evidence of having been spawned by diffusion. Such early or protonationalisms often sprang from resistance to foreign conquest, putting in doubt the invention‐diffusion hypothesis. I am therefore suggesting that nationalism has not emerged in few societies, but in many, and that it was engendered by social interactions, not by a particular social formation. While nationalism emerges within society, its genesis occurs in‐between social groups and societies, making it a product of their interactions. That makes it u‐topic, its cradles socially diverse, and its conception interactional, not gestational.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Figures -- Maps -- Tables -- Introduction -- Notes -- 1 Africans, African Americans, and the Roots of Pan-African Nationalism -- The Emergence of Pan-Negroism -- Nationalism as Protest Against White Racism -- Pan-Negroism and Identification With the African Homeland -- "Back to Africa" and "Black Zionism" -- The Pan-African Conferences and Congresses -- The Impact of Pan-Negroism On Africa -- Notes -- 2 From Pan-Negroism to Territorial Nationalism: Nationalism Without Nations -- Notes -- 3 Négritude -- The Emergence of "Négritude" -- Individual, People, Society, and Culture in "Négritude" -- "Négritude": From Racial and Cultural Identity to Political Nationalism -- Counter-Reactions to the Theory of Négritude -- Notes -- 4 Continental Pan-Africanism -- The Background to the Emergence of Continental Pan-Africanism -- First Pan-African Unification Efforts -- Forces of Cohesion and Division in Africa -- Notes -- 5 The New Nationalism and Its Historical Heritage -- Memories and Myths of Precolonial Africa -- The Tradition of "Primary Resistance" to the European Conquest -- Uprisings Against White Rule and Their Place in National Ideology -- Notes -- 6 The Permeation of Western Liberal Concepts -- The Emergence of New Nationalist Concepts and Modernization Processes in Africa -- Western Liberal Concepts-Weapons in the War Against Colonial Rule -- Notes -- 7 Socialist and Communist Concepts and Anticolonial African Nationalism -- Anticolonialism, Anticapitalism, and Anti-Westernism -- African Socialism -- Notes -- 8 Radical Ideologies of National, Economic, Social, and Cultural Liberation -- The Origins of Radical Nationalism in Africa -- The Aims of Radical Ideologies -- Ideological Sources of Influence -- From Political Struggle to Armed Struggle.

For the last two centuries, nationalism has been a central feature of society and politics. Few ideologies can match its power and resonance, and no other political movement and symbolic language has such worldwide appeal and resilience. But nationalism is also a form of public culture and political religion, which draws on much older cultural and symbolic forms.Seeking to do justice to these different facets of nationalism, the second edition of this popular and respected overview has been revised and updated with contemporary developments and the latest scholarly work. It aims to provide a concise and accessible introduction to the core concepts and varieties of nationalist ideology; a clear analysis of the major competing paradigms and theories of nations and nationalism; a critical account of the often opposed histories and periodization of the nation and nationalism; and an assessment of the prospects of nationalism and its continued global power and persistence.Broad and comparative in scope, the book is strongly interdisciplinary, drawing on ideas and insights from history, political science, sociology and anthropology. The focus is theoretical, but it also includes a fresh examination of some of the main historical and contemporary empirical contributions to the literature on the subject. It will continue to be an invaluable resource for students of nationalism across the social sciences.

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