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Both at the central and state levels administration of India has actualized various ICT (Information and Communication Technology) activities under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The objective of NeGP to most extreme utilization of government services accessible to residents of India by means of electronic media in simplest and most ideal way. To build the quantity of e-exchanges in the nation, proficient administration conveyance to the natives, re-utilization of uses, making ideal utilization of existing foundation, reception of cloud based e-Governance is the main arrangement, accordingly accomplishing a definitive objective of NeGP. Distributed computing is the most recent propelled development in figuring, distributed computing assets are accessible at whatever point required and charges depends on the amount you utilize them. Broad distributed computing is just conceivable by the Internet, and this is the most widely recognized method for getting to cloud assets. The primary plan to think about on this is the means by which to keep up information in advanced arrangement with secure spot and usage in future for investigation and improvement at whatever time anyplace with least assets. It expects to convey more intuitive i.e. administrations to subjects and organizations through E-Governance. For this, distributed computing might prompt huge cost reserve funds and dependable method for information exchange. It involves use over the Internet of processing equipment and programming base and applications that are remotely facilitated.

E Governance the application of ICT to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of exchange f information and transaction between government, between government agencies, between government and citizens, between government and business. Through e governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. Moreover, today's government has also full faith in E Governance and its widespread network across the world proves it. Due to widespread demand of e governance and exponentially increasing size of data, new technologies like Open source solutions and cloud computing need to be incorporated. Development of any country can be judged by the scope of e governance in that country. This new paradigm has brought about a revolution in the quality of service delivered to the citizens. It has ushered in transparency in the governing process saving of time due to provision of services through single window simplification of procedures better office and record management reduction in corruption and improved attitude, behavior and job handling capacity of the dealing personnel. The National e Governance Programme NeGP which is the flagship e governance programme of the Union Government, was approved by the Government of India on May 18, 2006 comprising with 27 Mission Mode Projects MMPs at the Central, State and Local Government level. The NeGP aims at improving delivery of government services to citizens and businesses with a vision to make the services accessible to the common man while ensuring efficiency, transparency, reliability and effective delivery of services at affordable costs. In this paper we present an overview of e governance projects which are being used in India and the current status of these e Governance related initiatives and problems based on secondary data received from various sources. Dr. P. Chinnathurai | Arsheed Javid "Current Scenario of the E-Governance Initiatives, and Future Prospects in India" ...

Mobile Seva (m-Governance) is an innovative initiative aimed at mainstreaming mobile governance in India. This is an extension to the vision of National e-Governance Plan making all government services accessible to the common man with efficiency, transparency and reliability at the affordable costs. Mobiles enable anytime, anywhere access to and delivery of services –bridging the last mile gap, no huge upfront investments and suited for rural areas. The present paper explores the various operational aspects of mobile seva and discusses that how the mobile seva is able to take the individuals into the approach of NeGP, who were previously digitally excluded.

Setting up of rural telecentres, popularly referred to as Common Service Centres (CSCs), are considered one of the initial forerunners of rural e-Governance initiatives under the Government of India-s National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). CSCs are implemented on public-private partnership (PPP) – where State governments play a major role in facilitating the establishment of CSCs and investments are made by private companies referred to as Service Centre Agencies (SCAs). CSC implementation is expected to help in improving public service delivery in a transparent and efficient manner. However, there is very little research undertaken to study the actual impact of CSC implementation at the grassroots level. This paper addresses the gap by identifying the circumstances, concerns and expectations from the point-of-view of citizens and examining the finer aspects of social processes in the context of rural e-Governance.

Electronic Governance (e-governance) aims at providing simple, moral, accountable, responsive and transparent government services to the citizen. Over the past decade or so the government of India has been implemented various e-governance initiative in the country. The success of these initiatives, inter alia, depends on the well organised use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in these initiatives. ICT is a powerful media to transmit information and knowledge to the citizens. This paper identifies the pivotal role of ICTs for successful implementation of e-governance projects in India.

National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) has been formulated by the Department of Information Technology (DIT) and Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DAR&PG). The Union Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 10 components on May 18, 2006. One of the Mission Mode Project is 'e-Courts' under the category of 'Integrated Services Category'. It was conceptualised with a vision to transform the Indian judiciary by making use of technology. The scope of the project is to develop, deliver, install and implement automated decision making and decision support system in courts all over the country. The e-courts project entails ensuring of digital interconnectivity between all courts from the taluka level to the apex court. It enhances judicial productivity both qualitatively and quantitatively by making the justice delivery system affordable, accessible, cost effective, transparent and accountable. In this paper an attempt has been made to know the efficacy of this project at various levels of judiciary.

The revolutionary nature of Information and Communication Technology ICT and followed by Social Networking sites is rapidly changing the society and the mode of governance in the 21st century. There is a growing trend to stay connected through the Internet, and Social Media. As citizens are the primary customers of Government, it is expected that Government departments start using Social Media to reach out to more and more citizens. In India, the few ministers and the Government departments that are using Social Media are getting an overwhelming response not only among the citizens but also among the outside Internet world. The positive response of the citizens is a clear indication of further use of Social Media in Government.

AbstractDrawing on evidence from the scope patterns and the availability of negative polarity item (NPI) licensing of the negation marker ma‐, we show that NegP is realized in Ewe (Tongugbe) agentive nominals. We conclude that agentive nominals accommodate sentential negation, posing a challenge to previous assumptions. The implication of this work is that agent nominalizations can be more verb‐like than what has been reported in the literature. We further examine where the Ewe agentive suffix ‐lá resides in syntax based on the argument structure of the predicates realized inside agentive nominals.

e-Governance refers to the delivery of services provided by the government through the means of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies). The NeGP (National e-Governance Plan) is initiated by the Government of India which executes the projects to implement e-Governance in the whole nation. Government of Punjab has also been taking participation in the implementation of e-Governance in the state. The implementation of e-Governance has the objective to improve the citizens' participation in the decision making for effective and good governance. This research paper highlights the different initiatives taken by the Government of Punjab and the services provided by these initiated projects.

This study examines the structure of negation in Úwù; one of the endangered languages of Nigeria. Úwù is spoken in the Àyèré community in the Ìjùmú Local Government in Kogi State. The present study identifies the various negative markers in the language and their structural distributions both at phrasal and sentence levels. In this study, the researcher establishes that a negative clause is derived through Neg that projects into NegP which takes TP as its complement. It is also observed that the language does not manifest lexical negation. The minimalist program (MP) is used to analyse the syntactic distributions of negative markers in sentences. It is our hope that this study will serve as part of the documentation of an aspect of the syntax of the language. Keywords: Negation, Úwù, Minimalist program

This paper classifies Persian negative elements and analyzes the negative structures based on Minimalism and Distributed Morphology. Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) in Persian which have [−neg] check its feature against [+neg] of negative marker for convergence. Negative Concord Items (NCIs), which are inherently negative, have [+neg]. Thus, in the NC Sentences, we have two [+neg]—one in negative marker, and the other in NCI. It can be misread that a NC structure, like Double Negation, delivers an affirmative reading. To prevent the misreading, we assumed Neg-absorption and Neg-criterion. However, that is impossible in Double Negation with two negative markers placed in different NegP, so the [+neg] in the sentence remain till Logical Form (LF) and they cancel each other and, as a result, the sentence becomes affirmative. Based on Minimalism and Distributed Morphology, the unified account on the structure of negation is examined.