Suchergebnisse

1.Introduction -- DEFINITION AND DESIGN --2.Historical Neighborhood and Its Decline --3.Getting the Neighborhood Back --4.Reinventing the Neighborhood -- DEBATES --5.Design Debates --6.Planning Problem --7.Self-Governed Neighborhood --8.Social Confusion --9.Neighborhoods and Segregation.

A COMMON IDEA IN URBAN STUDIES IS THAT OF A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN RELOCATION ANDF LOCALLY BASED POLITICAL ACTIVISM AS ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF COPING WITH RESIDENTIAL STRESS. THIS IDEA IS EVALUATED EMPIRICALLY AND THEN TREATED CRITICALLY AS AN EXPRESSION OF MORE FUNDAMENTAL, LESS READILY APPARENT SOCIAL RELATIONS. TO EVALUATE THE DEGREE TO WHICH RELOCATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD ACTIVISM ARE SUBSTITUTABLE STRATEGIES, SIMPLE BEHAVIORAL MODELS ARE TESTED WITH SURVEY DATA FOR COLUMBUS. OHIO. FROM THIS IT APPEARS THAT HOUSING TENURE PLAYS A STRATEGIC ROLE IN THE TRADE-OFF: IN THE PRESENCE OF NEIGHBORHOOD PROBLEMS OWNERS ARE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO BE ACTIVISTS THAN RENTERS: RENTERS, ON THE OTHER THE EXPLANATION PROBABLY LIES IN THE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSACTION COSTS OWNERS AND RENTERS CONFRONT ON RELOCATION.

Advocacy of neighborhood government should be based on a careful assessment of possible dangers & deficiencies, as well as merits. The obstacles to increasing neighborhood power are listed as the costs of community organizing in terms of time & effort, community conflict, city-neighborhood conflict, & the general political conflict. To persuade individuals to engage in collective action it is necessary that the rewards of such action be greater than personal costs. Serious participation is likely to occur only when neighborhood government programs offer visible rewards & work to solve concrete problems. There is a specific awareness that many unions & politicians will fight neighborhood government & that they have the power to damage & destroy it. There is also the sense that, whereas there has been success in developing community structures, it has been difficult to move government toward decentralization & toward more flexible administrative procedures. Thus in NY, where experimentation with neighborhood government has gone the furthest, the strategy now is to face the failures of government directly first, before promising participatory innovations. It unlikely that the neighborhood government program will be implemented in many cities soon, especially where there are minorities present which will seek centripetal participation--control of city hall. Modified HA.

THE FAILURES OF LIBERAL GOVERNMENT LIE NOT IN HAVING DONE TOO MUCH BUT IN HAVING DONE THE WRONG THINGS. EITHER GOVERNMENT RETURNS TO WHAT THE CONSERVATIVES THINK ARE ITS PROPER MINIMAL FUNCTIONS--POLICING THE APARTHEID FOR WHICH THE GENTRY'S SOCIAL THEORIES ARE PREPARING US; OR GOVERNMENT WILL STRUCTURE NEW FORMS OF NONSPECULATIVE HOUSING INVESTMENT TO BRING SANITY TO THE CURRENT CHAOS.