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We present a review of neurological function in Gulf War veterans (GWV). Twenty-two studies were reviewed, including large hospitalization and registry studies, large population-based epidemiological studies, investigations of a single military unit, small uncontrolled studies of ill veterans and small controlled studies of veterans. In nearly all studies, neurological function was normal in most GWVs, except for a small proportion who were diagnosed with compression neuropathies (carpal tunnel syndrome or ulnar neuropathy). In the great majority of controlled studies, there were no differences in the rates of neurological abnormalities in GWVs and controls. In a national US study, the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) seems to be significantly increased in GWVs, compared to the rate in controls. However, it is possible that military service, in general, might be associated with an increased risk of ALS, rather than Gulf War service in particular. Taken together, the conclusion is that if a neurological examination in a GWV is within normal limits, then extensive neurological testing is unlikely to diagnose occult neurological disorders.

Metal ions in the brain are a necessity as well as a poison. The presence of metal ions in the active sites of biological catalysts or metalloproteins and in the biological functioning of nucleic acids is very well documented and they are required for brain activity. On the other hand, metals are very effective in generating oxidative stress. This effect does not only play a role in immunology but also is the root of practically all neurodegenerative disorders by inducing disease via the death of neurons. Managing metal ions in the brain could therefore be an important strategy in the search for therapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new title gives an overview to key topics in the area of metal ions in the brain. It focuses on the role of metal ions in neurological systems by describing their advantageous functions as well as their poisonous features. It is therefore of interest for scientists in biochemistry and biophysics, physiology, toxicology as well as for physicians focused on this topic.

It is proposed that the cerebral mechanisms which can trigger or inhibit human aggressiveness be studied. Technology is already available to undertake this task; only the dedication of more intellectual & econ resources is needed to carry out the res. While intracerebral mechanisms are initially structured by genetic endowment, they are decisively moulded by early experience. When the interaction between brain physiology & experience is widely recognized & understood, then more active direction is possible re filtering, encouraging, or rejecting stimuli in the individual's environment. Res has shown that the intellectual capacity & such characteristics as a tendency to `overreact' can be either augmented or diminished according to the cultural influences & stimuli which provoke anger & violence in a society. New exp's in the study of brain functions have established that brain mechanisms responsible for the onset, development & maintenance of specific mental functions can be investigated & influenced by physical & chemical means, such as electrical stimulation. Res is needed to identify the cerebral areas responsible for aggression, the impact of cultural training, & the possibilities for re-educating neurophysiological mechanisms of violence. The potential for substituting intelligent & purposeful determination of neuronal functions for blind, automatic responses exists. Within the elementary Sch curriculum, a program of psychogenesis should be established at an early age for children, based on latest information about the physiology, psychol & biochemistry of personality formation. Courses on psychogenesis should be available to parents as well as educators & children. It is held that the development of the human mind is subservient to genes, environment, & educ. Sensory inputs, behavioral responses & intracerebral processes are interlinked, & their interrelations can be studied sci'ly. M. Maxfield.

The book provides the public health perspective for these disorders and presents fresh and updated estimates and predictions of the global burden borne by them. It provides information and advice on public health interventions that may be applied to reduce the occurrence and consequences of neurological disorders. It offers health professionals and planners the opportunity to assess the burden caused by these disorders in their country and to take appropriate action. A clear message emerges that unless immediate action is taken globally, the neurological burden is likely to become an increasin

Perioperative care of the patients with neurological diseases can be challenging. Most important consideration is the management and understanding of pathophysiology of these disorders and evaluation of new neurological changes that occur perioperatively. Perioperative generally refers to 3 phases of surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. We have tried to address few commonly encountered neurological conditions in clinical practice, such as delirium, stroke, epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson disease. In this article, we emphasize on early diagnosis and management strategies of neurological disorders in the perioperative period to minimize morbidity and mortality of patients.

Sometimes it is not until residual impairments develop that the full implications of an incurable, debilitating disease become an emotional reality