Suchergebnisse

This study examines the peculiarities of traditional religious beliefs of indigenous peoples of the Krasnoyarsk Krai — Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets. The authors use comparative historical and historiographical methods, as well as rely on the results of field research conducted by employees of the Department of Cultural Studies at the Humanitarian Institute of Siberian Federal University in the territory of compact residence of these peoples in Krasnoyarsk Krai from 2010 to 2018. The study provides an overview of the main features of the traditional religious beliefs of each of the designated indigenous minorities with the definition of their current state. The results of the study make it possible to determine the general and specific features characteristic of the religious beliefs of Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets who live in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, both in their traditional form and in their present state

This article is an inquiry into the extent to which, and how, roles of men and women in indigenous communities in north-central Siberia have changed along with the changing economic and political context from the 1917 Communist Revolution to the post-Soviet era. The starting point for this investigation is archived data from the 1926/27 Polar Census of Siberia. Fieldwork conducted in the region in the 1990s and 2000s provides comparative materials. During this 80-year period, the development of centralized settlements and regional urban areas brought increasing professionalization of traditional economic activities and greater involvement of the indigenous population in civil service work. As a result, the flexibility of gender roles in the indigenous pre-Soviet economy was sacrificed in favor of work in state companies and organizations that followed gender contracts imposed following the general Soviet model. In the post-Soviet period, following the collapse of the Soviet planned economy greater flexibility in gender roles has been observed, along with increasing importance of informal exchange networks and reliance upon hunting, fishing and trapping as key inputs to local economies.

The main features and challenges of the ethnocultural space of one of the largest and most varied in its ethnic composition regions of the Russian Federation are studied in the article based on research material of the current state of culture of the indigenous minorities of the north living in the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai (the Selkups, the Nenets, the Enets, the Dolgans, the Nganasans, the Evenks, the Kets and the Yessey Yakuts). The study is based on modern approaches to the consideration of the mechanisms of sociocultural changes, such as the concept of "cultural trauma" of the Polish sociologist Piotr Sztompka. The article is based on the results of numerous field studies conducted by the scientists of Siberian Federal University. Preference of mass culture and replacement of traditional with pseudo-traditional are emphasized among the main challenges of the current state of the ethnocultural space of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Анализируются положения о языках в основных и специальных законах сибирских регионов, регламентирующие использование языков в различных сферах деятельности, с целью определения и типологизации статуса указываемых языков. Посредством сопоставления разновременных документов и/или их редакций прослеживаются тенденции становления и развития сибирского регионального языкового законодательства, в котором отмечено 17 языков: алтайский, бурятский, долганский, казахский, кетский, нганасанский, немецкий, ненецкий, русский, татарский, телеутский, тувинский, хакасский, шорский, эвенкийский, энецкий и якутский (ессейский диалект). ; The statutes on languages are analysed in order to define and classify their statuses in constitutions and special laws of Siberian regions regulating language use in various spheres of activity. By comparing the documents and / or their editions of different times, the tendencies of creation and development of Siberian regional language legislation are studied. Language laws contain data on 17 languages: Altai, Buryat, Dolgan, Kazakh, Ket, Nganasan, German, Nenetsk, Russian, Tatar, Teleut, Tuvan, Khakass, Shor, Evenki, Enets and Yakut (Essey dialect).

In the last 10 yrs much progress has been made in studying the peoples of the Far North. Some of these Far Northern races consisted of less than 1,000 persons. They were largely engaged in hunting, fishing, & in breeding reindeer. Because the Soviet gov has been reconstructing the economy of these peoples, they have advanced to modern standards of living, yet their old culture is of great sci'fic interest. Ethnographers, historians, linguists, folklorists, anthrop'ts, & archeologists of the USSR are bringing their knowledge to the task. The purpose of the res is: (1) help these people build up a socialist society & raise their cultural standards, &, (2) assemble documents as a basis for monographs on their econ system, life, customs & culture. A good example of this kind of work is The Nganasans by A. Popov. Besides consulting purely ethnographical sources Soviet sci'ts have frequent recourse to archives. B. J. Keeley.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of interethnic marriages between Russians and indigenous peoples of the North in the Krasnoyarsk territory in the 1950s. The research is based on the materials of censuses and surveys conducted by local authorities in the late 1950s. The focus of researchers was made by the Enets, the Nganasans, the Selkups, the Evenks and the Kets. Since the second half of the 20th century, contacts between the Russian population and the peoples of the far North of the Krasnoyarsk territory have become more frequent. In the context of construction projects in the region, there is an increase in marriages between Russians and representatives of local indigenous peoples. These marriages had an ambiguous impact, on the one hand they were an expression of the principle of "friendship of peoples", one of the basic principles of the Soviet state and contributed to the integration of the Northern territories into the Krasnoyarsk territory. On the other hand, mixed marriages accelerated the assimilation of these peoples and contributed to the cease and extinction of their culture. Their parents positioned most of the children in such marriages as Russian. In everyday speech these families, as well as a rule, was dominated by the Russian language, Russian culture.

AbstractA collection of traditional and 'old life' stories recorded in the late 1940s is used to reconstruct the sociolinguistic situation of the Enets community in Northern Siberia from the 1850s until the 1930s. The Enets had regular contacts with a number of neighbouring indigenous peoples (Nganasans, Tundra Nenets, Selkups, Evenkis, Dolgans) and later with Russian newcomers. The oral histories often comment on language use, and as a result we can reconstruct not only the languages that the Enets people used in this period, but also the contexts in which they used them. The Enets community's multilingualism was typically characterized by command of key neighbouring languages, with the occasional command of other more (geographically and socially) remote ones. With close neighbours, language choice seems to have had limited social load, while in cases of trade or agonistic contact, the choice of language in interethnic communication seems to have followed a principle of asymmetric convergence towards the language of the party with the greatest contextual social power. The analysis is founded on a database of dozens of communicative events mentioned in the oral stories (over 50 are analyzed). Ongoing fieldwork on the modern sociolinguistic situation suggests that until quite recently there was considerable stability in the sociolinguistic norms governing multilingual interaction among the Enets.

Intro -- THE RED BOOK OF THE PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE -- FOREWORD -- WHAT TO DO WITH PEOPLES -- PREFACE -- THE ABAZIANS -- THE ABKHAZ -- THE AGULS -- THE AKHVAKHS -- THE ALEUTS -- THE ALTAICS -- THE ALIUTORS -- THE ANDIS -- THE ARCHIS -- THE ASIATIC (SIBERIAN) ESKIMOS -- THE BAGULALS -- BARABA TATARS -- THE BARTANGS -- THE BATS -- THE BEZHTAS -- THE BOTLIKHS -- THE BUDUKHS -- THE CENTRAL ASIAN JEWS -- THE CHAMALALS -- THE CHUKCHIS -- THE CHULYM TATARS -- THE CRIMEAN JEWS -- THE CRIMEAN TATARS -- THE DIDOS -- THE DOLGANS -- THE ENETS -- THE EVENS -- THE EVENKS -- THE GEORGIAN JEWS -- THE GODOBERIS -- THE HINUKHS -- THE HUNZIBS -- THE INGRIANS OR THE INGRIAN FINNS -- THE ISHKASHMIS -- THE ITELMENS -- THE IZHORIANS OR INGRIANS -- THE KAMAS -- THE KARAIMS -- THE KARATAS -- THE KARELIANS -- THE KEREKS -- THE KETS -- THE KHAKASS -- THE KHANTS -- THE KHINALUGS -- THE KHUFIS -- THE KHVARSHIS -- THE KOLA LAPPS -- THE KORYAKS -- THE KRYZ -- KURDS -- THE LITHUANIAN TATARS -- THE LIVONIANS -- THE MANSIS -- THE MOUNTAIN JEWS -- THE NANAIS -- THE NEGIDALS -- THE NENETS -- THE NGANASANS -- THE NIVKHS -- THE NOGAYS -- THE OROCHIS -- THE OROKS -- THE OROSHORIS -- THE PEOPLES OF THE PAMIRS -- THE ROSHANIS -- THE RUTULS -- THE SELKUPS -- THE SHORS -- THE SHUGHNIS -- THE TABASARANS -- THE TALYSH (OR THE TALISHI) -- THE TATS -- THE TINDIS -- THE TOFALARS -- THE TRUKHMENS OR TURKMENS -- THE TSAKHURS -- THE UDEGHES -- THE UDIS -- THE ULCHIS -- THE VEPS -- THE VOTES -- THE WAKHS -- THE YAGHNABIS -- THE YAZGULAMIS -- THE YKAGHIRS -- PEOPLES ACCORDING TO LANGUAGE GROUPS -- INDEX -- UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLES -- REFERENCES.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Introduction: Indigenous Peoples in the Age of Globalization -- Definitions -- The Contemporary Situation -- Struggle and Survival -- 1 Peopling the Earth: The Greatest Migration -- Aboriginal Accounts of the Origins of the Earth and Human Life -- Western Science and Explanations of the First Peoples -- The Scientific Explanation for the Great Migration -- Conclusion -- 2 Peoples of the Land: Spiritual and Cultural Roots of Indigenous Societies -- Haida (West Coast of Canada) -- Inuit/Eskimo (Canada Arctic/Alaska/Greenland) -- Yanomami (Amazon Basin) -- Blackfoot (Canada/United States) -- Mohawk (Canada/United States) -- Innu (Labrador/Quebec, Canada) -- Maori (New Zealand) -- Chittagong Hill Tribes (Bangladesh) -- Sami (Scandinavia) -- Bushmen (Southern Africa) -- Aka (Central Africa) -- Okiek (Kenya) -- Vedda (Sri Lanka) -- Jarawas (Andaman Islands) -- Agta (Philippines) -- Penan (Borneo) -- Jahai (Northern Malaysia) -- Aborigines (Australia) -- Ache (Paraguay) -- Yanama (Tierra del Fuego) -- Ainu (Japan) -- Chukchi and Yupik (Eastern Siberia) -- Nia/Nganasan (North-Central Siberia) -- 3 Mutual Discovery: Tribal Peoples and the First Wave of Globalization -- Critical Divisions: Agriculture, Industry and Urbanization -- Expansion of Middle East, Europe, and Asia -- The Importance of First Impressions -- Outsiders' Descriptions of Indigenous Peoples -- Tribal Curiosities in the Imperial World -- Indigenous Impressions of Newcomers -- The Cant of Conquest: Usable Images of the Original Occupiers of Valued Territories -- Racism - The Remnant of First Contacts -- 4 Resistance and Adaptation: Indigenous Reaction to Newcomer Occupations -- Violent Occupations: Tribal Peoples at War with Newcomers -- Gentle Occupations: Tribal Peoples Co-Existing with Non-Violent Occupiers -- Indigenous Adaptations.

Beginning in the late 1920s, the central driving force responsible for the preparation of specialists for work in the Northern, Siberian, and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation has been the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg (Herzen University), primarily led by the Institute of the Peoples of the North. Here, linguists are trained in twenty-three languages of Northern indigenous minorities. Notably, several languages of these minority groups—such as Nganasan, Dolgan, Itelmen, Enets, Ul'ta—are taught only here. The university also provides training in the field of traditional cultures of indigenous peoples (methods of traditional applied arts and crafts of the peoples of the North; dance and musical folklore; museology, etc.). However, not all experts in Northern studies are aware of the educational programs and scientific schools within the Department of Theory and History of Culture at Herzen University, under which the committee for the defense of doctoral and candidate dissertations has been working jointly with the Institute of the Peoples of the North for thirty years. The chairman of the council, doctor of arts, Professor L. M. Mosolova is the founder of the department and the head of the scientific school for the study of the culture of the regions of Russia, the countries of Northern Europe, and Eurasia. A significant amount of research completed by students—from undergraduate to postgraduate levels—is dedicated to the history and current issues of the various regions of Russia, including Siberia, the Far East, and Northern Europe.