Suchergebnisse

In der Periode der Herrschaft von Diori Hamani wurde zur ideologischen Absicherung der Herrschaft ein populistischer Ansatz mit der Formel "Partizipation des Volkes bei der Entwicklung" gewählt. Dies wurde von der Militärregierung mit der Formel "Entwicklungsgesellschaft" übernommen. Der Autor zeigt die Entwicklung des Konzepts auf sowie dessen Widersprüchlichkeit. Im Ausblick Überlegungen zu den Schwierigkeiten einer Entwicklung zur Demokratisierung. (DÜI-Wsl)

"When Green Beret Bryan Black was killed in an ambush in Niger in 2017, his wife Michelle saw her worst nightmare become a reality. She was left alone with her grief and with two young sons to raise. But what followed Bryan's death was an even more difficult journey for the young widow. After receiving very few details about the attack that took her husband's life, it was up to Michelle to find answers. It became her mission to learn the truth about that day in Niger--and Sacrifice is the result of that mission. In this heartbreaking and revelatory memoir, Michelle uses exclusive interviews with the survivors of her husband's unit, research into the military leadership and accountability, and her own unique vantage point as a gold-star widow to tell a previously unknown story. Sacrifice is both an honest, emotional look inside a military marriage and a searing investigation of the people and decisions at the heart of the US military." -- Amazon.com

1. Decentralization and the evolution of egalitarian behaviors in sedentary societies -- 2. Ancient villages in the Niger bend: context and methods for exploring the Voltaic region -- 3. Ethnographic perspectives on western Burkina Faso : a survey -- 4. Kirikongo : an introduction to the site, the setting, and the research design -- 5. The West Africa environmental setting : Kirikongo in ecological context -- 6. Stratigraphies and depositional episodes: the excavations -- 7. Relative chronology : ceramics -- 8. Community growth at Kirikongo : the spatial and temporal setting -- 9. Early sedentary life in the Voltaic region : defining a "Voltaic tradition" -- 10. Craft production at Kirikongo : the origins, development and reinterpretation of specialization -- 11. Herding, farming, and ritual sacrifice: the economy from Kirikongo -- 12. Death and ritual objects at Kirikongo : house-based social differentiation -- 13. Archaeological patterns and social process : reconstructing changing life at Kirikongo -- 14. Land, spiritual power, and gerontocracy : an exploration of the roots of egalitarian revolution in the Western Voltaic region -- 15. Hierarcy and egalitarianism within the Niger Bend : revolution and the triumph of communalism.

We employ a two-tier spatiotemporal analysis to investigate whether uranium operations cause armed conflict in Africa. The macrolevel analysis suggests that - compared to the baseline conflict risk - uranium ventures increase the risk of intrastate conflict by 10 percent. However, we find ethnic exclusion to be a much better predictor of armed conflict than uranium. The microlevel analysis reveals that uranium-spurred conflicts are spatiotemporally feasible in four countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Namibia, Niger and South Africa. We find strong evidence in the case of Niger, and partial evidence in the case of the DRC. Namibia and South Africa do not yield substantial evidence of uranium-induced conflicts. We conclude that uranium may theoretically be a conflictinducing resource, but to the present day empirical evidence has been sparse as most countries are still in the exploration phase. Considering that the coming years will see 25 African countries transition from uranium explorers into producers, we strongly suggest that our analysis be revisited in the coming years. -- civil war ; uranium ; ethnicity ; GIS ; subnational study

ch. 1. Issues in the study of the demography of Sahelian pastoralists and agro-pastoralists / Allan G. Hill and Sara Randall -- ch. 2. The recent demographic surveys in Mali and their main findings / Allan G. Hill -- ch. 3. The enumeration of nomads and semi-nomads : methodology and selected results from the 1976 census of Mali / Bibi Diawara -- ch. 4. A demographic profile of the Fulani of central Mali with special emphasis on infant and child mortality / Marie-Louise van den Eerenbeemt -- ch. 5. Demographic characteristics and trends amongst the nomads of Mauritania / Baba Traore -- ch. 6. Mixed herding and the demographic parameters of domestic animals in arid and semi-arid zones of tropical Africa / R.T. Wilson, Abdrahamane Diallo and Klaas Wagenaar -- ch. 7. Land tenure practice and development problems in Mali : the case of the Niger Delta / Salmana Cisse -- ch. 8. The reluctant spouse and the illegitimate slave : marriage, household formation and demographic behaviour amongst Malian Tamasheq from the Niger Delta and the Gourma / Sara Randall and Michael Winter.

The paper carries out a review of the environmental problems associated with atmospheric pollution, air quality emissions and applicable control mechanisms in the detection and evaluation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria in the light of global trends and best practices given the magnitude of gas flaring taking place in Nigeria's Niger Delta daily. This is flowing from the findings that gas flaring continues to be a major health hazard to humanity, domestic and global environment. Also considered are the Challenges facing air quality and carbon management in Nigeria and the place of the ongoing National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) funded research on air quality and carbon management and the recent release of the twin regulations of: the Flare Gas (Prevention Of Waste And Pollution) Regulations, 2018 and the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme (NGFCP) by the Federal Government Of Nigeria aimed at stopping gas flares in the year, 2020. The paper adopts an admixture of the historical, comparative, the law and development and empirical approaches in appropriate cases.

This paper examines the relationship between ecology and literature, focusing on Kaine Agary's Yellow-Yellow. The novel explores the socio-cultural effects of oil exploration and exploitation on the ecology. It examines the effects of coastal communities in contact with the sea in the Niger-Delta. Some of these include what Kaine Agary calls 'Born troway', 'African profits', 'Father-unknown', 'Ashawo pickin'. Zilayefa the heroine of the novel is a product of one of such contacts. The bulk of some of these contacts makes up the tendency toward criminality in the Niger-Delta region in addition to poor leadership at all levels of governance. The paper deals with the political ecology of Nigeria and examines the place of women within that ecology. It is our position and the view of this paper that environmental pollution translates to moral pollution. Women in this novel have been sexually polluted. The body of the woman symbolizes nature which man has polluted. All these issues are the basic concerns, which this paper interrogates.

Information about the usability of artificial sweeteners, mainly aspartame, for controlling pest ants has spread widely in the internet. With a laboratory experiment we tested the effect of an aspartame based sweetener on the mortality of the black garden ant Lasius niger, a common pest ant in kitchens in Europe. The aspartame-based sweetener was added to the laboratory jelly food of ants in the experimental group (16 colonies). The control group (14 colonies) received otherwise similar jelly but without the aspartame-based sweetener. During the 35 day period of experiment we did not find any signs of aspartame induced mortality in tested ants. In addition, 135 colony founding L. niger queens were submerged in a sweetener solution (artificial sweetener + distilled water) and 135 queens were submerged in distilled water (control). The overall mortality was very low (<1.5%) and no between-group differences in mortality were found within 24 and 96 hours. Our results strongly oppose the rumors that aspartame sweeteners are effective as an ant poison, at least with a typical dose of household aspartame products.

Le delta du fleuve Sénégal et l'Office du Niger au Mali disposent encore d'un potentiel important de terres aménageables qui attire des investisseurs privés, notamment depuis 2008. Après avoir soutenu le développement de l'agriculture familiale pour la mise en valeur des périmètres irrigués, les pouvoirs publics donnent aujourd'hui la priorité à l'installation d'entreprises privées en leur attribuant des terres à aménager. Cet article propose un cadre analytique décrivant les liens entre statut foncier et dynamiques d'aménagement, appliqué aux deux cas étudiés. Ceux-ci diffèrent par le rôle joué par l'État dans la gestion du foncier, toujours très présent à l'Office du Niger, transféré aux collectivités locales au Sénégal. L'analyse comparée des deux cas montre que le statut foncier, en lien avec les politiques de crédit et les choix techniques réalisés, explique en partie les difficultés de l'agriculture familiale. L'allocation de terres à des compagnies privées est cependant trop récente pour que l'on puisse évaluer sa réelle contribution au développement de l'agriculture irriguée dans ces régions.

This paper invests the role of environmental social movements and NGOs in the struggle for democracy in Nigeria. In particular, it examines how environmental issues, specifically in the oil-rich Niger Delta, have come to symbolise the Niger Delta communities' craving for greater inclusion in the political process. The paper argues that because of linkages to the nature of economic production, environmental crises have been particularly useful in driving the democracy discourse in Nigeria. By linking environmental crisis to democratisation and the interactions of power within the Nigerian federation, NGOs and social movements have been able to gain support for environmental causes. This may, however, have dire implications for the environmental movement in Nigeria. Because ownership, not necessarily sustainability, is the central theme of such discourse on resource extraction, social movements may not be framing the environmental discourse in a way that highlights its unique relevance. The paper concludes by making a case for alternative methods of framing the environmental discourse in a developing-world context like that of Nigeria.

We employ a two-tier spatiotemporal analysis to investigate whether uranium operations cause armed conflict in Africa. The macrolevel analysis suggests that - compared to the baseline conflict risk - uranium ventures increase the risk of intrastate conflict by 10 percent. However, we find ethnic exclusion to be a much better predictor of armed conflict than uranium. The microlevel analysis reveals that uranium-spurred conflicts are spatiotemporally feasible in four countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Namibia, Niger and South Africa. We find strong evidence in the case of Niger, and partial evidence in the case of the DRC. Namibia and South Africa do not yield substantial evidence of uranium-induced conflicts. We conclude that uranium may theoretically be a conflictinducing resource, but to the present day empirical evidence has been sparse as most countries are still in the exploration phase. Considering that the coming years will see 25 African countries transition from uranium explorers into producers, we strongly suggest that our analysis be revisited in the coming years.

Der persönlich gefärbte Bericht des ehemaligen Ministers und Botschafters gibt einen Überblick über die parteipolitische Entwicklung in Niger vor der Unabhängigkeit. Besonders geht er auf interne Machtkämpfe in den Parteien und deren Folgen ein. Die untersuchten Parteien sind folgende: (1) Parti Progressiste Nigerien (PPN), (2) Union Nigerienne des Independants et Sympathisants (UNIS), (3) Union Progressiste Nigerienne (UPN), (4) Union Democratique Nigerienne (UDN), (5) Bloc Nigerien d'Action (BNA), (6) Mouvement Socialiste Africain (MSA), (7) Forces Democratiques Nigeriennes (FDN), (8) Union Franco-Nigerienne (UFN), (9) Union pour la Communaute Franco-Africaine (UCFA). (DÜI-Wgm)