Suchergebnisse

Artikkelens første del viser hvordan FN blir representert på to forskjellige måter i norsk utenrikspolitisk debatt: på den ene side pragmatisk, som legitimeringsarena for ført politikk, og på den annen ideologisk, som alternativ til Nato-orientert politikk. Spenningen mellom de to kommer tydelig frem idet begrepet «FN-sporet» ble vanlig i norsk utenrikspolitisk ordskifte omkring Irak-krigen (2003), og umiddelbart ble brukt på begge måter. Del to viser at det kun er i offentlig politisk diskurs FN representeres på disse to måtene; i diplomatisk diskurs er det bare den første representasjonen som forekommer. Del tre, som er normativ, er et dobbeltangrep på den ideologiske representasjonen av FN. Første ankepunkt er et generelt forsvar av pragmatisme og en avvisning av ideologi i utenrikspolitikken. Andre ankepunkt er et konjunkturavhengig forsvar av pragmatisme; i en internasjonal orden som i tiltagende grad domineres av stormaktkonfrontasjonen mellom USA og Kina, er utfordringen for Norge nå er å kjempe for at mest mulig av internasjonal politikk avgjøres i multilateral sammenheng. Hva slags multilateral sammenheng det dreier seg om, er underordnet. Jeg konkluderer med at det er en grunn til at betydningen av FN-sporet som et alternativ til Nato-orientering blir en stadig mer marginalisert betydning i norsk debatt, nemlig at en slik posisjon fremstår som rigid og derfor ubrukelig.
Abstract in English:The UN Track in Norwegian Foreign PolicyThe first part of the article discusses how two representations of the UN have traditionally vied with one another in Norwegian public debate. One is pragmatic and accentuates the UN's role as a consensus-creating and legitimating force in Norwegian foreign policy. The other is ideological and accentuates the UN as an alternative focus to NATO. Since the Iraq War of 2003, the concept of a "UN track" in Norwegian foreign policy has lent itself to both usages. While the ideological representation was quite widespread in Norwegian public debate on the left of the Labour Party and further leftwards, it is now only to be found at the very left of the political spectrum. As demonstrated in the second part of the article, in Norwegian diplomatic discourse, the UN is represented in pragmatic terms only. The third part of the article is a normative celebration of the waning of the ideological representation of the UN. Two reasons are given. Firstly, and on principle, a pragmatic approach to foreign policy making is superior to an ideological approach in that it increases room for manoeuvre. Secondly, and related to the conjuncture of present-day international relations, which is seeing a resurgence of great-power rivalry, a small power like Norway has a vested interest in maintaining as much multilateralism as possible. The interest in multilateralism as a general phenomenon takes precedence over what particular form multilateralism takes.

Book reviewed in this article:Roger Finlay. Population and Metropolis: The Demography of London, 1580–1450.John Bowle. John Evelyn and his World: A Biography.L. M. Cullen. The Emergence of Modern Ireland, 1600–1900.Bruce Lenman. Integration, Enlightenment, and Industrialization: Scotland, 1746–1832, The New History of Scotland, 6.Christopher Harvie. No Gods and Precious Few Heroes: Scotland, 1914–1980.R. A. Cage. TheScottish Poor Law, 1745–1845.Sean Mcconville. A History of English Prism Administration: Volume I, 1750–1877.Victor Bailey (Ed.). Policing and Punishment in Nineteenth‐Century Britain.Anne Digby and Peter SEARBY (Eds.). Children, School, and Society in Nineteenth Century England.I. G. Jones. Explorations and Explanations: Essays in the Social History of Victorian Wales.G. E. Mingay (Ed.). The Victorian Countryside.H. I. Dutton and J. E. King. Ten Per Cent and No Surrender: The Preston Strike, 1853–4.Robert Gray. The Aristocracy of Labour in Nineteenth‐centuty Britain, 1850–1914.Anthony Sutcliffe (Ed.). British Town Planning: The Formative Years.Jim Tomlinson. Problems of British Economic Policy, 1870–1945.Alan Forrest. The French Revolution and the Porn.Richard F. Kuisel. Capitalism and the State in Modern France: Renoeation and Economic Management in the Twentieth Century.W. H. Schroeder and R. Spree (Eds.). Histotische Konjunklurforschung.David Abraham. The Collapse of the Weimar Republic: Political Economy and Crisis.La Banque en Belgique. Financiewezen in Belgie, 1830–1980. Revue de la Banque. Bank‐ Financimezen. Cahier 8/9. September 1980.Maureen Fennell Mazzaoui. The Italian Cotton Industry in the Later Middle Ages, 1100–1600.Francesco Facchini, Alle origini di Brescia Industriale: Insediamenti produttivi e composizione de classe dall' Unita al 1911.Lutgardo Garcia Fuentes. El Comercio Espanol con America, 1650–1700Fritz Hodne. Norges flkonomiske hisrorie, 1815–1970.Thomas C. Owen. Capitalism and Politics in Russia: A Social History of the Moscow Merchants, 1855–1905.Jon V. Kofas. Financial Relations of Greece and the Great Powers, 1832–1862.Sidney Pollard. Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization of Europe, 1760–1970.E. L. Jones. The European Miracle: Environments, Economies, and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia.Michael R. Godley. The Mandarin‐Capitalists from Nanyang: Overseas Chinese Enterprise in the Modernization of China, 1893–1911.Fred Bateman and Thomas Weiss. A Deplorable Scarcity: The Failure of Indusnialization in the Slave Economy.Margaret Walsh. The American Frontier RevisitedA. J. H. Latham. The Depression and the Developing World, 1914–1939.E. J. Hobsbawm, Witold Kula, Ashok Mitra, K. N. Raj and Ignacv Sachs (Eds.) Peasants in Histmy: Essays in Honour of Daniel Thorner.Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (Eds.). Marriage and Fertility: Studies in Interdisciplinary History.Rudolf Hilferding. Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development.Lawrence Stone. The Past and the Present.

I debatten om Norges EU-tilknytning har konsekvensene for arbeidslivspolitikken stått sentralt. Denne artikkelen beskriver først hva striden om arbeidslivsregulering innenfor EØS har dreid seg om. Deretter drøftes hvordan de mest aktuelle alternativene til EØS-avtalen – en britisk-inspirert frihandelsavtale for industrivarer («norxit») og EU-medlemskap – kan påvirke rammene for den nasjonale arbeidslivspolitikken.
Norxit vil gi økt formell handlefrihet, men økte barrierer for grensekryssende handel og arbeids- og tjenestemobilitet vil endre de økonomisk-politiske rammene for arbeidslivspolitikken. Å erstatte deltakelse i det indre markedet med en frihandelsavtale for varer, vil trolig føre til svakere vekst i investeringer, handel, produksjon og sysselsetting. Videre kan oppløsning av det «nasjonale kompromisset» om EØS-avtalen og svekket konkurranseevne for næringslivet bidra til at konfliktnivået i arbeidslivspolitikken og den økonomiske politikken skjerpes.
EU-medlemskap vil i hovedsak gi samme formelle rammer for arbeidslivspolitikken som EØS-avtalen, men vil styrke det politisk-demokratiske grunnlaget for alliansebygging og påvirkning av EUs arbeidslivreguleringer. Et medlemskap kan innebære store omstillinger for landbruket og fiskerinæringen, men åpne nye eksportmuligheter for fiskeindustrien og havbruksnæringen. Tap av selvstendig pengepolitikk ved deltakelse i ØMU/euro vil legge økte byrder på finans- og lønnspolitikken, men videreføringen av nasjonal valuta i flere medlemsland illustrerer at det ikke er noen automatisk kopling mellom EU-medlemskap og ØMU.
Abstract in English:Inside or Outside: The Framework for Working Life Policies in Various EU ConnectionsIn the debate about Norway's relationship to the EU, the consequences for working life policies have featured centrally. This article first describes what the strife over labour market regulation under the EEA-agreement has been about. Then it discusses how the most relevant alternatives to the EEA-agreement – a British-inspired free trade agreement and EU membership – may influence the ramifications for national working life policies.
Norxit will increase the formal room for manoeuvre, but increased barriers to cross-border trade and mobility of labour and services will alter the economic-political frameworks for working life policies. Replacing participation in the single market with a free trade agreement will probably imply reduced growth in investment, trade, production and employment. Further, evaporation of the «national compromise» about the EEA-agreement, and weakened competitiveness for business, is likely to heighten the level of conflict in working life and economic policies.
EU membership will mainly entail the same formal frameworks for working life policies as the EEA-agreement, but will strengthen the politico-democratic basis for coalition-building and influence on EU labour market regulations. Membership may imply significant adjustments for agriculture and fisheries, but can open new export opportunities for the seafood and fishing industry. Loss of independent monetary policy through memberhip in EMU/euro, will imply increased burdens on fiscal and wage policies, but the preservation of national currencies in a number of EU member states illustrate that there is no automatic coupling between between membership in the EU and EMU.

Artikkelen ser på mulighetene og utfordringene med avskrekking som strategisk tilnærming til det stadig viktigere cyberdomenet, fra et småstatsperspektiv. Forfatterne argumenterer for at det er essensielt å opprette og ansvarliggjøre en multinasjonal og multidepartemental/-sektoriell cyberorganisasjon for at reell cyberavskrekking skal være mulig å generere.
Innledningsvis beskriver artikkelen den klassiske og utvidete oppfatningen av avskrekking, og hvilke kriterier som må ligge til grunn for å kunne oppnå avskrekkende effekt: kapasitet, kredibilitet og evnen til å kommunisere effektivt. Sett fra et globalt sikkerhetsperspektiv har muligheten til å generere avskrekkende effekt vært med på å forme verden, spesielt i perioden 1945 til 1990. Kompleksiteten i sikkerhetssektoren har imidlertid økt signifikant siden da, mye grunnet økt global konnektivitet og fremveksten av cyberdomenet.
Artikkelen diskuterer hvordan kriteriene for avskrekking utfordres når strategien skal appliseres i cyberdomenet, med fokus på problemene knyttet til antallet aktører/vektorer, ulike motiver for handlinger, manglende felles grunnlag som utgangspunkt for å adressere utfordringene, og forskjellig oppfatning omkring attribusjon og proporsjonalitetsprinsippet. Forfatterne fremholder at disse utfordringene gjør det vanskeligere, men desto viktigere å identifisere hvordan man kan generere avskrekking i cyberdomenet – spesielt for høyteknologiske småstater, som Norge. Å håndtere dette på en god måte forutsetter at man ser på bredden av avskrekkingsteori i sammenheng over tid, og småstater må erkjenne sine svakheter og spille på sine styrker. Anbefalingene som fremlegges, er åpningstrekk som gjør nettopp dette, og som samtidig bereder grunnen for å dra veksler på komplementære effekter av ulike dimensjoner ved avskrekkingststrategi på lengre sikt.
Abstract in English
This article explores the possibilities and challenges associated with deterrence as strategy in the increasingly significant cyber-domain, from a small state perspective. The authors argue that genuine cyber-deterrence is contingent upon the creation of an accountable cyberorganization, with a multinational and multi-departmental/sectorial composition.
The article addresses classical and broader deterrence, and the criterions that must be met in order to successfully deter; capability, credibility, and the ability to communicate effectively. From a global perspective, the ability to generate effective deterrence has been key to shape the international security landscape in the period from 1945 to 1990. However, the complexity of the security sector has increased significantly since then – much due to the seemingly ever-growing global connectedness and the emergence of the cyber-domain.
The article further explores and discusses how the criteria for effective deterrence is tested when applied to the cyber-domain, with emphasis on the problems associated with the number of actors/vectors, varying motives for actions, the lack of a shared conceptual foundation as a basis to address the challenges, and differing opinions concerning attribution and proportionality. The authors argue that these problems make it difficult, but thus the more important to identify how to generate effective deterrence in the cyber-domain – especially for high-tech small states such as Norway. Effective management of the problem-complex requires exploration of the whole range of deterrence theory over time, and small states must recognize their inherent weaknesses and play to their strengths. The recommendation put forth here is an initial move which allows just that, and which at the same time sets the stage for more elaborate strategies that exploit the complementary effects of different dimensions of and approaches to deterrence.

Book Review in this ArticlesT. B. Pugh (Ed.). The Marcher Lordships of South Wales, 1415‐1536. Select Documents.Brian Foster (Ed.). The Local Port Book of Southampton for 1435‐36.A. F. C. Baber. The Court Rolls of the Manor of Bromsgrove and King's Norton, 1494‐1504.B. S. Yamey, H. C. Edey and H. W. Thomson. Accounting in England and Scotland, 1543‐1800.T. C. Smout. Scottish Trade on the Eve of Union, 1660‐1707.Ming‐Hsun Li. The Great Recoinage of 1696‐9.G. F. A. Best. Temporal Pillars: Queen Anne's Bounty, The Ecclesiastical Commissioners and the Church of England.C. T. G. Boucher, John Rennie, 1761‐1821, The Life and Work of a Great Engineer.E. R. R. Green. The Industrial Archaeology of County Down.W. H. Chaloner. People and Industries.E. Victor Morgan and W. A. Thomas. The Stock Exchange: Its History and Functions.J. C. Gill. Parson Bull of Byerley.W. L. Burn. The Age of Equipoise.Mancur Olson, Jr. The Economics of the Wartime Shortage.K. S. Inglis. Churches and the Working Classes in Victorian England.E. B. Fryde. The Wool Accounts of William de la Pole, a study of some aspects of the English wool trade at the start of the Hundred Tears' War.Héiène Antoniadis‐Bibicou. Recherches sur les Douanes à Byzance.Harry A. Miskimin. Money, Prices and Foreign Exchange in Fourteenth‐Century France.Jacques Heers. L'Occident aux XIVe el XVe siècles. Aspects économiques et sociaux.Jorma Ahvenainen. Der Getreidehandel Livlands im Mittelalter.Sven‐ErikÅström. From Cloth to Iron. The Anglo‐Baltic trade in the late seventeenth century.David Joslin. A Century of British Banking in Latin America.G. Blainey. The Rush that Never Ended. A History of Australian Mining.R. Paull. Old Walhalla. Portrait of a Gold Town.J. A. Lesourd and C. Gerard. Histoire Économique: XIXe et XXe siècles.Raymond Vernon. The Dilemma of Mexico's Development: The Roles of the Private and Public Sectors.John and Anne‐Marie Hackett. Economic Planning in France.Robert Greenhalgh Albion. Naval and Maritime History: an Annotated Bibliography.Oscar Handlin and John Burchard (Eds.). The Historian and the City.B. H. Slicher van Bath. Yield ratios, 810‐1820.Johanna‐Maria van Winter. Ministerialiteit en ridderschap in Gelre en Zutphen.R. van Uytven. Stadsfinanciën en stadseconomie te Leuven van de XIIe tot het einde der XVIe eeuw.D. W. Davies. A primer of Dutch Seventeenth Century overseas trade.D. de Weerdt. Bibliographie rétrospective des publications officielles de la Belgique, 1794‐1814.Hubert Wouters (Ed.). Documenten betreffende de geschiedenis der arbeidersbeweging (1831‐53).H. van Velthoven. Noord‐Brabant op weg naar groei en welvaart. (Bijdragen tot de sociale en economische geschiedenis van het Zuiden van Nederland.H. Schmitz. Schiedam in de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw. Een onderzoek naar enige aspecten van de economische en sociale geschiedenis van de stad in de jaren 1850‐1890.H. Baudet (Ed.). Handelswereld en Wereldhandel, Honderd Jaar Internatio, Tien Essays.Jacques Bolle. Solvay, l'inventeur, l'homme, l'entreprise industrielle, 1863‐1963.P. Virrankoski. Myyntiä varten harjoitettu kotiteollisuus Suomessa autonomian ajan alkupuolellaAnna‐Leena Toivonen. Etelä‐Pohjanmaan valtamerentakainen siirtolaisuus 1867‐1930.Mauno Jokipii. Suomen kreivi‐ ja vapaaherrakunnat.Sune Dalgård. Dansk‐Norsk Hvalfangst 1615‐1660. En Studie over Danmark‐Norges Stilling i Europaeisk Merkantil Expansion.Svend Aage Hansen. Pengevaesen og kredit 1813‐1860.Einar Cohn. Privatbanken i Kjøbenhavn gennem hundrede Aar 1857‐1957.Fridlev Skrubbeltrang. Den sjaellandske bondestands Sparekasse 1856‐1958.Erling Olsen. Danmarks økonomiske historie siden 1750.

Book Reviewed in this article:H. C. Darby and R. Welldon Finn (Eds.). The Domesday Geography of South‐West England.C. S. and C. S. Orwin. The Open Fields.B. E. Howells (Ed.). A Calendar of Letters relating to North Wales, 1533‐c.1700.B. G. Charles (Ed.). Calendar of the Records of the Borough of Haverfordwest, 1539–1660.A. D. Dyer, R. D. Hunt, and Brian S. Smith (Eds.). Miscellany II.John Webb (Ed.). Poor Relief in Elizabethan Ipswich.Phyllis M. Hembry. The Bishops of Bath and Wells, 1540–1640. Social and Economic Problem.Edwin Welch (Ed.). Plymouth Building Accounts of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Lindsay Boynton. The Elizabethan Militia, 1558–1638.G. H. Kenyon. The Glass Industry of the Weald.K. R. Andrews. Drake's Voyages. A Reassessment of their Place in Elizabethan Maritime Expansion.Henry Stevens. The Dawn of British Trade to the East Indies: As Recorded in the Court Minutes of the East India Company, 1599–1603.Menna Prestwich. Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts. The Career of Lionel Cranfield Earl of Middlesex. Privy Council Registers Preserved in the Public Record Office. Reproduced in Facsimile. John M. Beattie. The English Court in the Reign of George I.E. E. Hoon. The Organisation of the English Custom System.A. Temple Patterson. A History of Southampton, 1700–1914.M. W. Greenslade and J. G. Jenkins (Eds.). The Victoria History of the County of Stafford.M. W. Beresford and G. R. J. Jones (Eds.). Leeds and its Region.Klaus Boehm in collaboration with Aubrey Silberston. The British Patent SystemR. M. Hartwell (Ed.). The Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England.E. L. Jones (Ed.). Agriculture and Economic Growth in England, 1650–1815.John Butt. The Industrial Archaeology of Scotland.Alan Birch. The Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, 1784–1879.Thomas Ellison. The Cotton Trade of Great Britain.F. A. Wells. Hollins and Viyella: A Study in Business History.Marian Bowley. Nassau Senior and Classical Economics.G. Kitson Clark. An Expanding Society. Britain, 1830–1900.James Caird. The Landed Interest and the Supply of Food.Trevor Lloyd. The General Election of 1880.F. E. Gillespie. Labour and Politics in England, 1850–67.A. M. McBriar. Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918.R. Page Arnot. South Wales Miners. Glowyr de Cymru. A History of the South Wales Miners' FederationWilliam Craik. Sydney Hill and the National Union of Public Employees.A. J. Youngson. Britain's Economic Growth, 1920–1966.Kevin Burley. British Shipping and Australia, 1920–1939.Periodical Literature, 1967B. Diestelkamp, M. Martens, C. van de Kieft, B. Fritz (Eds.). Elenchus Fontium Historiae Urbanae.Paul Einzig. The History of Foreign Exchange.Michael Roberts. Essays in Swedish History.Olwen H. Hufton. Bayeux in the Late Eighteenth Century: A Social Study.Basil Greenhill and Ann Giffard. Westcountrymen in Prince Edward's Isle. A Fragment of the Great Migration.Frank Wesley Pitman. The Development of the British West Indies, 1700–1763.William Woodruff. Impact of Western Man: A Study of Europe's Role in the World Economy, 1750–1960.Peter Burroughs. Britain and Australia, 1831–1855. A Study in Imperial Relations and Crown Lands Administration.MODERN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY, PUBLISHED 1963 TO 1966S. Bronsztein. Ludnośćżydowska w Polsce w okresie midzywojennym. Studium statystyczne.T. Kowalak. Spóldzielczość niemiecka nu Pomorzu, 1920–1938.H. Janowska. Polska emigracja zarobkowa we Francji, 1919–1939.J. Żarnowska. Struktura spoleczna inteligencji w Polsce w latach, 1918–1939.Cz. Luczaka (Ed.). Polożenie ekonomiczne rzemioslo Wielkopolskiego w latach, 1918–1939.A. Karpiński, K. Secomski, and Z. Żekoński. Problemy rozwoju gospodarczego Polski Ludowej, 1944–1964.Z. Landau. Polityka finansowa PKWN, lipiec‐grudzien 1944. Plawonanie gospodarki narodowej w Polsce Ludowej. Materialy do bibliografii. M. Pohoski. Migracje ze wsi do miast. Studium wychodzstwa w latach 1945–1957 oparte na winikach ankiety Instytutu Ekonomiki Rolnej.F. Skalniak. Bank Emisyjny w Polsce 1939–1945.Svend Aage Hansen. Adelstandens grundlag.Björn Lárusson. The Old Icelandic Land Registers.Johan Jørgensen. Rentemester Henrik Müller. En studie i envœldens etablering i Denmark.Jørgen H. Barfod. Danmark‐Norges handelsflåde, 1650–1700.Thorkild Hansen. Slavernes Kyst.Kristof Glamann. Otto Thott's Uforgribelige tanker om kommerciens tilstand.Birgit Nüchel Thomsen and Brinley Thomas in collaboration with John W. Oldam. Dansk‐Engelsk Samhandel. Et historisk rids, 1661–1963.Preben Dollerup. Brugsforeningerne, 1866–1896. Sociale, økonomiske og politiske under‐segelser i de danske brugsforeningers historie fra 1866 til 1896.Fridlev Skrubbeltrang. Det indvundne Danmark. Folketal, areal og klima, 1901–60. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO DANISH ECONOMIC HISTORY IN PERIODICALS AND YEARBOOKS PUBLISHED SINCE 1965

Samuel D. Bond (" Improving the Generation of Decision Objectives ") is an assistant professor at the College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. Professor Bond's research focuses primarily on judgment and decision making in consumer settings. In prior work, he has examined confirmatory processing during the decision process and prescriptive methods for mitigating the effects of irrelevant context. More recently, he has been involved in various projects related to objectives-based decision making, focusing on impediments to the generation or elicitation of objectives. In other work, Professor Bond is exploring the interplay of intuitive and reason-based approaches to information processing and preference formation, and he is examining the ways in which descriptions of an experience can alter consumer forecasts, experience, and memory. Professor Bond teaches courses in marketing management and consumer behavior at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Address: College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 800 West Peachtree Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30308-0520; sam.bond@mgt.gatech.edu . Kurt A. Carlson (" Improving the Generation of Decision Objectives ") was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He has a B.S. and M.S. in agricultural and applied economics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a Ph.D. from Cornell University. He has worked for the Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research and Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board, and most recently he was on the faculty at Duke University from 2001 to 2009. Dr. Carlson is an assistant professor at Georgetown University. Dr. Carlson's research focuses on the intersection of economics and psychology, with a specific emphasis on individual decision processes. Though much of his research explores consumer decision making, he also studies how voters, jurors, and managers make decisions. His research has been published in several top journals in marketing, psychology, and management. Dr. Carlson teaches courses on market intelligence, consumer behavior, and marketing management. Address: McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, 578 Hariri Building, Washington, DC 20057; kc377@georgetown.edu . Michel Denuit (" Bivariate Stochastic Dominance and Substitute Risk-(In)dependent Utilities ") is a professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium), Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles. He has done extensive research in the area of actuarial risk theory, especially in stochastic inequalities and dominance relations. Address: Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles (ISBA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 20 Voie du Roman Pays, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; michel.denuit@uclouvain.be . Louis Eeckhoudt (" Bivariate Stochastic Dominance and Substitute Risk-(In)dependent Utilities ") received a Ph.D. in economics from Michigan State University in 1970. Since then and until his retirement in 2004 he taught economics at the Catholic Faculties of Mons, Belgium. He now holds a research position at IÉSEG School of Management (Lille, France) and is also a research associate with CORE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium). His work deals mostly with the economics of risk and the analysis of risk attitudes. Address: IÉSEG, 3 Rue de la Digue, F-59000 Lille, France; louis.eeckhoudt@fucam.ac.be . Charles M. Harvey (" Cardinal Scales for Health Evaluation ") is a retired professor from the Department of Decision and Information Sciences at the University of Houston. He received his Ph.D. in pure mathematics at Stanford University. Soon afterward, he changed his research interests to applied mathematics, and a decade later— after writing the textbook Operations Research, published by North-Holland in 1979—he focused on decision analysis. His research has been primarily in the development of prescriptive models in which preferences are shown to satisfy certain conditions if and only if they are represented by functions having a certain structure. Sections 4–7 of the present paper present models of this type. He is a proponent of new theory that is applicable. He has taught at six universities and has held nonteaching positions at the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, and the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. Address: 5902 NW Pinewood Place, Corvallis, OR 97330; cmharvey1@earthlink.net . Ralph L. Keeney (" Improving the Generation of Decision Objectives ") is a research professor at Duke University, Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina. Professor Keeney's areas of expertise are decision analysis, risk analysis, and management decision-making. He is an authority on decision making with multiple objectives. His experience includes corporate management problems, risk analyses, public policy, large-scale siting studies (e.g., airports, power plants), and environmental studies. Dr. Keeney has been a consultant for several organizations including Fair Isaac, Seagate Technology, American Express, British Columbia Hydro, Pacific Gas and Electric, Kaiser Permanente, GTE, Hunton & Williams, the Electric Power Research Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and U.S. Department of Energy. Address: Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, P.O. Box 90120, Durham, NC 27708-0120; keeney@duke.edu . L. Robin Keller (" From the Editor… ") is a professor of operations and decision technologies in the Merage School of Business at the University of California, Irvine. She received her Ph.D. and M.B.A. in management science and her B.A. in mathematics from UCLA. She has served as a program director for the Decision, Risk, and Management Science Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and is now on the Scientific Advisory Committee for the USC Homeland Security Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorist Events. Her research is on decision analysis and risk analysis for business and policy decisions and has been funded by NSF and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Her research interests cover multiple attribute decision making, riskiness, fairness, probability judgments, ambiguity of probabilities or outcomes, risk analysis (for terrorism, environmental, health, and safety risks), time preferences, problem structuring, cross-cultural decisions, and medical decision making. She is currently Editor-in-Chief of Decision Analysis, published by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). She is a Fellow of INFORMS and has held numerous roles in INFORMS, including board member and chair of the INFORMS Decision Analysis Society. She is a recipient of the George F. Kimball Medal from INFORMS. She has served as the decision analyst on three National Academy of Sciences committees. Address: Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3125; lrkeller@uci.edu . Alen Nosić (" How Riskily Do I Invest? The Role of Risk Attitudes, Risk Perceptions, and Overconfidence ") recently completed his Ph.D. at the University of Mannheim in the area of behavioral finance. In his current research he focuses on determinants of risk-taking behavior in investment decisions and on the question of which factors drive changes in risk-taking behavior over time. Address: Chair of Business Administration, University of Mannheim, L 5, 2, 68131 Mannheim, Germany; alennosic@yahoo.de . Lars Peter Østerdal (" Cardinal Scales for Health Evaluation ") is a professor in the Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen. He received a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Copenhagen in 2004. His research interests include health economics, welfare economics, and game theory. His current research focuses on rationing methods and cost-sharing methods, pricing in networks, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) models, stochastic dominance theory, and studies of childhood poverty in Mozambique and Vietnam. He teaches courses in health economics, game theory, and general microeconomics. Address: Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 26, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; lars.p.osterdal@econ.ku.dk . Bjørn Sandvik (" Sensitivity Analysis of Risk Tolerance ") is an associate professor of economics at the University of Bergen and holds a Ph.D. from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. He teaches finance and does research in finance and public economics. Address: Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Fosswinckelsgate 14, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; bjorn.sandvik@econ.uib.no . Lars Thorlund-Petersen (" Sensitivity Analysis of Risk Tolerance ") is the Sparebanken Nord-Norge Professor of Financial Economics at the Bodø Graduate School of Business, Norway. He teaches courses in decision analysis and game theory. His research interests include game theory and strategic behavior of agents in the presence of incentive systems determined, for example, by specific cost-sharing or rationing rules. He investigates decisions under uncertainty, with emphasis on risk preferences, utility functions, and stochastic dominance. He received his Ph.D. in mathematical economics from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Address: Bodø Graduate School of Business, Mørkvedtraakket, N-8049 Bodø, Norway; lars.thorlund-petersen@hibo.no . Martin Weber (" How Riskily Do I Invest? The Role of Risk Attitudes, Risk Perceptions, and Overconfidence ") holds a chair for Banking and Finance at the University of Mannheim. Born in 1952, he studied mathematics and business administration and received his Ph.D. as well as his Habilitation for Business Administration from the University of Aachen. He spent about three years as a visiting scholar at UCLA, the Wharton School, Stanford University, and the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. His main interests lie in the area of banking, behavioral finance, and its psychological foundations. He is the author of numerous publications in these areas and coauthor of textbooks on decision analysis and banking. He served as director (1997–2002) and deputy director (2003–2008) for the Sonderforschungsbereich 504 of the German National Science Foundation (rationality, decision making, and economic modelling), and he serves on the editorial board of various national and international journals. Dr. Weber was dean of the Faculty for Business Administration, University of Mannheim from April 2004 to March 2006, is a member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, and is a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the University of Münster in June 2007. Address: Chair of Business Administration, University of Mannheim, L 5, 2, 68131 Mannheim, Germany; weber@bank.bwl.uni-mannheim.de .