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The chapter summarizes the objectives, general strategy and budget of the United States military from 2009 to early 2010. It also includes a brief summary of Canadian military operations for the same period. The chapter includes concise summaries of US doctrine and policy and major developing strategy. It assesses US military readiness and personnel morale in the face of ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The chapter notes the publication by the Defense Department of the "Counterinsurgency Guide," which attempts to devise a whole-of-government approach to an area of operations that had only previously been addressed in isolated literature. The chapter summarize the Barack Obama administration's policy concerning nuclear-arms control and missile defense. It provides a detailed summary of how the current economic crisis has impacted the defense budget. Kenny Cargill

US forces continued to be heavily engaged in combat and stabilisation actions in Afghanistan while, at the end of December 2011, the last US troops left Iraq. The aftermath of these wars, combined with the impact of the financial crisis on government budgeting and US perceptions of its allies' willingness to shoulder the burden in conflict, may have an impact on the nature and extent of US involvement in future crises. Adapted from the source document.

In this section on the Capabilities, Trends & Economics of regional military defense capabilities, the military trends & priorities of Canada and the US are assessed. A discussion of the evolution of defense transformation in North America argues that theory has clashed with reality in asymmetric warfare, putting strain on the US Army & US Marine Corps, & has implemented the transformation framed in the Canadian Forces Vision document (2005). US defense transformation seeks to lift the fog of war through surveillance & information technologies for complex irregular warfare & to apply the new counter-insurgency doctrine to achieve state building while fighting insurgent enemies. Discussion of US defense economics relates upcoming demands for social security to available funds for defense & security, and the difficulty of assessing the true budget position of the US Armed Forces. A detailed assessment follows of Canadian & US military capabilities that inventories troops, organizations by service & equipment, deployment, & foreign forces. Tables. J. Harwell

Developments in North American defense & security policy throughout 2005 & early 2006 are reported. Changes in the composition & technology employed by the US armed forces are identified, and the deployment of US forces in global military operations & domestic & international humanitarian relief efforts is discussed. Attention is subsequently dedicated to assessing the economic impact of the US defense industry, the central findings of the Quadrennial Defense Review (2006), the national defense budget for fiscal year 2007, the budgets of the respective US armed forces, & impending expenditures for the missile defense program. In addition, the Canadian governments acquisition of new weaponry & slight military reorganization is explored. Several aspects of the capabilities of the Canadian & US armed forces are investigated including the deployment & organization of the various forces & their involvement with various foreign forces. Tables. J. W. Parker

This chapter provides an independent & thorough assessment of the United States & Canada's military faculties & defense economics. In the United State new defense leadership under Secretary of Defense Dr. Robert Grave, General David Petraeus, General Raymond Odierno, & U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker has signaled a commitment to greater reliance on diplomacy & aid, reshaping the U.S.' involvement in Iraq, a broadening scope as demonstrated by the creation of Africa Command (AFRICOM0, & a culture of greater accountability. In Canada, the Harper administration's Canada First Defense Strategy, which aims to defend Canada's sovereignty & ensure "that Canada can return to the international stage as a credible & influential country" is at the forefront of Canadian military concerns. Additionally, Canada has increased its military capabilities with the acquisition of equipment to be used in its operations in Afghanistan. Statistics & details concerning the United States & Canada's defense budget & capabilities are provided. C. Goger