AbstrakŚrīwijaya adalah suatu kerajaan maritim yang pengaruhnya meliputi kawasan yang luas di sekitar Selat Malaka. Kepentingan utama dari kerajaan ini adalah penguasaan jalur pelayaran dan perdagangan yang melalui Selat Malaka. Bagaimanapun, baik sumber sejarah maupun arkeologis mengindikasikan bahwa pengaruh niaga dan politik Śrīwijaya juga meliputi kawasan pedalaman dan pantai barat Sumatera. Hal ini mungkin berkaitan dengan kepentingan Śrīwijaya untuk mengamankan aliran mata dagangan terutama kamper dan kemenyan yang hanya dihasilkan oleh kawasan di baratlaut Danau Toba dan sekitarnya.
In the current era of adapting new habits (abbreviated as Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru or AKB), it is an opportunity for the millennial generation to get out of their 'cage' and do activities outside the home. This study aims to describe the perception of the millennial generation on the application of adopting new habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using a survey research method with descriptive analysis techniques to obtain this description. In this research, millennials are represented by state university students in North Sulawesi Province. The sample of this study was 400 active student respondents. The data was collected through research instruments sent online with the Google Forms application. The study results indicate that millennials are worried when implementing new habit adaptations when they are active outside the home. The research results also show that the first thing they want to do is go to a house of worship. Millennials in North Sulawesi also perceive an excellent level of trust in local and central governments in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that millennials in North Sulawesi are optimistic about their future sustainability. ; Di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru (disingkat AKB) saat ini, menjadi peluang bagi generasi milenial untuk keluar dari 'sangkar' dan beraktivitas di luar rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi generasi milenial terhadap penerapan kebiasaan baru di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian survei dengan teknik analisis deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, milenial diwakili oleh mahasiswa perguruan tinggi negeri di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 400 responden mahasiswa aktif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui instrumen penelitian yang dikirimkan secara online dengan aplikasi Google Forms. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa generasi milenial merasa khawatir ketika menerapkan adaptasi kebiasaan baru ketika mereka aktif di luar rumah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa hal pertama yang ingin mereka lakukan adalah pergi ke rumah ibadah. Milenial di Sulawesi Utara juga merasakan tingkat kepercayaan yang sangat baik kepada pemerintah daerah dan pusat dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa generasi milenial di Sulawesi Utara optimis dengan keberlanjutan masa depan mereka.
Head position as a leader in the sub Batukliang north and at the same time as the head of the working area have an important role and ultimately determines batuklianu Good governance in the northern districts, but in truth good governance is already optimally realized in Batukliang northern districts. This study aims to determine how camat role in ensuring good governance in the sub Batukliang utaraKabupaten central Lombok. The method used is a qualitative method. Camat role in achieving good governance aspects of the view, that plan manage, control and coordinate all activities of the organization of general duty of government and regional government authority delegated by the Regent. informants in this study as many as four people taken from officials of skretaris camat, subsections of government, public and kepegawean subsections village government representatives. the key instrument in this study is the researchers themselves, while collecting data using interview techniques. The results of data analysis aimed subdistrict governments to coordinate and supervise the activities of the government district in northern Batukliang to achieve good governance is done properly and effectively in Kecamtan Batukliang north. Based on the results of the study concluded that the district head north batuklinag already mamapu stints with both the duty and authority to coordinate and supervise the government penyelenggraan in districts that have an important role in achieving good governance. Departing from the conclusions of the study were submitted suggestions: camat must optimize the use of means of organizing pemerintaha coordination of all units of government; optimizing the potential and ability to provide guidance to government work units in the district work areas; and optimize the existing control facilities such as reporting systems, and monitoring and evaluation.Keywords: evaluasi kinerja, kepala desa, era otonomi daerah. ; Head position as a leader in the sub Batukliang north and at the same time as the head of ...
Regional autonomy is an independence right given by the central government to the regions to take care of the interests of the community. The impact of regional autonomy is to create fiscal capacity independence as the basic capital of regional development. The fiscal capacity of In the District of North Central Timor originates from Regional Original Income, balancing funds, and other legitimate regional income. The problem in this study is to find out how much the impact of regional autonomy on the fiscal capacity of in the District of North Central Timor. This study aims to measure fiscal capacity capabilities. The study was conducted in the District of North Central Timor using a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of the analysis show that the average level of regional independence in the relationship pattern is in the instructive category, meaning that regional financial capacity is very low in financing the implementation of regional development. Factors in financial inability of the in the District of North Central Timor because the local government is less creative in utilizing local resources properly, also because the contribution of revenue sources is still minimal.
This paper describes the ineffectiveness of South Korea's confidence-building measures towards North Korea during the reign of Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun through the sunshine policy. The previous studies on the sunshine policy only discussed the efforts made by the South Korean government through the sunshine policy and America's influence on the implementation in general. The studies are divided into three major categories namely: domestic politics, political economy, and regional studies, but none has discussed the causes of the ineffectiveness of the sunshine policy. By using confidence-building measures as an analytical framework, this paper will explain the variables in confidence-building measures that cause sunshine policies to be ineffective. The main argument of this paper is that there are 2 factors that cause the sunshine policy to be ineffective, namely the influence of America and the absence of political will from North Korea to achieve the goal of confidence-building measures through sunshine policy.
Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It's undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the 'National Food Security Improvement Program' and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda. ; Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It's undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the 'National Food Security Improvement Program' and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda.
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of internal quality assurance at the Pacific Morotai University and provide detailed findings regarding the obstacles faced by the Quality Assurance Institute (LPM) of the Pacific Morotai University, North Maluku. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a case study method at the Pacific University of Morotai, North Maluku. Data were collected based on document tracing, observation, and interviews. The results of the study show that the implementation of internal quality assurance at the University of Pacific Morotai faces obstacles in the lack of auditors who have an understanding and number of human resources in carrying out monitoring and evaluation tasks. The technical implementing unit formed by LPM in carrying out its duties only consists of six people spread across six faculties with details of one person for each faculty. The impact is due to the lack of auditors who are experts in quality assurance, so it affects external quality assurance or accreditation. In fact, the university does not yet have an institutional accreditation status and eleven study programs have the same accreditation rating, namely C. Thus, the implementation of quality assurance is not carried out optimally and properly monitored as a result it is difficult to measure the achievement of the university's quality in setting higher education standards
This article aimed to describe the socio-political conditions after the Bongaya Treaty of 1667. This study employed the historical research method (library research). The researcher applied several approaches, namely the historical approach, religious approach, anthropological approach, and sociological approach. The Makassar War is a momentum for change from all aspects, not only changes from the political aspect but also the social, cultural and economic aspects that greatly tormented the people of Gowa. As a King, Sultan Hasanudin was responsible for the fate of the royal people of Gowa, which was getting sad. Sultan Hasanudin had to consider this even though he wanted to continue to fight. Sultan Hasanudin really understood the suffering of the people of the Kingdom of Gowa. Due to these considerations, the war lasted approximately four years, starting from 1666-1669 and ending with the Bungaya Treaty, which consisted of 30 articles. The treaty affected all aspects of Gowa community life, not only in terms of political factors but also the existence of Muslims. Since then, the power and influence of the Netherlands in East Indonesia began to be embedded towards serious colonialism. Sultan Hasanuddin, who dashed to defend his country until the last second has controlled the Kingdom of Gowa for 16 years; namely 1653-1669 and died in Gowa on June 12, 1670.
The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system ; The authors are interested in taking the title Evaluation of Policy Implementation of the Integrated Administrative Service District in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This study aims to determine how the policy evaluation and implementation PATEN enabling and inhibiting factors PATEN policy implementation. The location of this research is in the district of South Weda Central Halmahera in North Maluku province. This study uses the theory Waynes Parson in Palumbo and the size of the policy evaluation is based on the theory that the evaluation process, the evaluation of formative and summative evaluation. policy resources, communication among organizations, characteristic of the implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the tendencies of implementation. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are interviews, document analysis and observation. The data obtained were processed with qualitative data analysis. Informants in this study were 1) the Regent of Halmahera, 2) Regional Secretary, 3) Assistant for Public Administration, Law and Authority, 4) Head of Governance Regional Secretariat of Central Halmahera, 5) Head of Integrated Licensing Service Agency, 6) Head Weda South 7) The community served Based on the research results we concluded that the implementation of the PATEN in the district of South Central Halmahera Weda considered not running optimally. This is due not been reflected in the elaboration of management commitment to the programs and activities of the OPD related, yet the drafting SOP to realize the translation of the vision - the mission of the organization, there are no guidelines for minimum service standards, unclear tasks and functions of the technical team so that the conduct of licensing has not been fully included effective, institutional structure did not reflect the needs and interests of improving the service function to society, Inkonsisiten and lack of support of stakeholders in the implementation of technical policy administration services licensing, not optimal formulation of technical policy administration services licensing, weak coordination between leaders and subordinates in the implementation of integrated license service with the technical team in its OPD and has not implemented the promotion and development of quality apparatus BPPT, facilities and infrastructure not meet minimum service standards have not yet optimal application of ICT-based information system
Aceh has a lot of local wisdom in managing coastal dan marine resources.This research is aimed to (1) investigate form of local wisdom and tradition in Mukim Mane in managing coastal resources, (2) analyzing organization and policy who supervise the management of coastal resources through local wisdom and (3) analyzing strategy to strengthen society's local wisdom in managing coastal resources.This research was held in Mukim Mane Muara Batu District North Aceh. The method used is survey method with qualitative approach. The informants are Imum Mukim, Panglima Laot Lhok, fisherman, and local society. The result showed that the forms of coastal resources management are (1) the existance of prohibition day to sail, (2) taking care of other fisherman while sailing, (3) regulation to not cut down the mangroove forest (4) keeping the coral reefs (5) keeping the cleanliness of estuary and beach. The organization and policy who supervise the running of local wisdom in Mukim Mane are Panglima Laot and Aceh Qanuns. Strategies that can be done to strengthen local wisdom are by (1) incresing the role sinergy among government, college, panglima laot, and society and (2) developing the coastal society through cooperation, social unity, media, work relation pattern, and awareness about the importance of environment.
North Gorontalo Regency has a marine fisheries & aquaculture potential economic value. In response it, the government makes Minapolitan regional development policy. It is intended to enlarge the production of fisheries and aquaculture. However, the goal has not reached the target yet, because the implementation of policies have not been optimal. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the influence of regional development policy implementation Minapolitan toward the fisheries and aquaculture production. The method used in this research is explanatory survey by using the quantitative approach. The population is the policy implementer that consists of 221 persons. The technique of choosing sample uses estimation rule of thumb, so the total sample is 70 persons. Then statistical testing uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The testing result shows that the implementation of regional development policy Minapolitan effects on the effectiveness of fishery production significantly, in which the dimension of the program implementers are able to reflect the variable implementation of development policy while the weak dimension is community leaders. The finding indicates that the implementation of the policy requires a dialogical approach, which is an approach that integrates both the interest of government and the public one.
This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.
