Suchergebnisse

Examines Papua New Guinea's political, economic, and social crises since 1975, contending that Australia failed to prepare it for independence. Summaries in English and Spanish p. 463 and 478.

Land and Exchanges among the Anga (Papua New Guinea)

The lineage model worked out by africanists does not account for the definition of local groups or, more generally, for the nature of social bonds in New Guinea. The ways the environment is worked and land is appropriated (bush country for hunting and fields for farming) in two Anga groups (Ankave and Baruya) are described. Questions then arise about the forms of the relationship with the land. This comparative study sheds light on the overall logic linking earth, food and exchanges. References to localities and to work are inherent in this logic, which sheds light on cooperation between affines and forms of marriage, as well as on the ceremonial use of game from hunting. The main markers of the land are the trees associated with the production of the bodily substances most valued in conceptions about the making of human beings and in masculine initiation ceremonies : blood and sperm.

Communication dans le cadre du 5e Forum Mondial des Droits de l'Homme et de l'atelier du programme Lascaux "Le droit et l'accaparement des terres dans les pays du Sud", à Nantes le 23 mai 2013 ; In Papua New Guinea, 97 % of the grounds are subjected to the common law, and belong to the thousands of clans and tribes which constitute the population of this country. This remarkable situation has known major changes since 2009. In three years, 5.5 million hectares, which is more than 10 % of the terrestrial mass of the country, were yielded via concessions to (mainly foreign) companies. The mechanism used for the most recent acquisitions is known under the name of Special Agricultural and Business Lease (SABL), which was conceived at first to make it possible for the tribes to yield part of their grounds to companies for the development of agricultural projects. Battling against the "scandal of the SABL" and severe criticisms towards the cut-price selling of as many grounds in so little time, the Government set up in 2011 an independent committee of inquiry with for mission of re-examining the 72 concessions granted via the system of the SABL. ; En Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, 97 % des terres sont soumises au droit coutumier, et appartiennent aux milliers de clans et de tribus qui constituent la population de ce pays. Cette situation remarquable a connu des changements majeurs depuis 2009. En trois ans, 5,5 millions d'hectares, soit plus de 10 % de la masse terrestre du pays ont été cédés via des concessions à des entreprises majoritairement étrangères. Le mécanisme utilisé pour les acquisitions les plus récentes est connu sous le nom de Special Agricultural and Business Lease (SABL), qui fut conçu à l'origine pour permettre aux tribus de céder une partie de leurs terres à des entreprises pour le développement de projets agricoles. Aux prises avec le « scandale des SABL » et de sévères critiques envers le bradage d'autant de terres en si peu de temps, le Gouvernement a mis en place en 2011 une commission d'enquête ...