Suchergebnisse

To make a vow is a matter of the will, to fulfill one is a matter of necessity," declared late medieval canon law, and religious profession involved the most solemn of those vows. Professed nuns could never renege on their vows and if they did attempt to re-enter secular society, they became apostates. Automatically excommunicated, they could be forcibly returned to their monasteries where, should they remain unrepentant, penalties, including imprisonment, might be imposed. And although the law imposed uniform censures on male and female apostates, the norms regarding the proper sphere of activity for women within the Church would prohibit disaffected nuns from availing themselves of options short of apostasy that were readily available to monks similarly unhappy with the choices that they had made. 0This book is the first to address the practical and legal problems facing women religious, both in England and in Europe, who chose to reject the terms of their profession as nuns. The women featured in these pages acted, and were acted upon, by the law: the volume shows alleged apostates petitioning for redress and actual apostates seeking to extricate themselves, via self-help and litigation, from the moral and legal consequences of their behaviour

The cost of war is extremely high. Human, monetary, and physical resources are all used in abundance during war. World War I was no exception. This war of attrition forced governments to devise means of convincing people on the home front to continue fighting the war. This WebQuest is designed to be used as a separate activity or in conjunction with a lesson on the years of deadlock during WWI.

Lawmen were crucial to the economic wellbeing of medieval nunneries. This book looks at the relationship between them and how cases were conducted