The implementation of regional autonomy is not only focused on central grants in the form of balancing funds. The regions can be self-sufficient to take care of their own households including local financial independence by utilizing and utilizing, and managing the potentials in the regions in order to improve public services to the community and regional development. The purpose of this research is to know whether there is influence of Local Original Income (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) to the level of Financial Independence of Banyuwangi Regency either partially or simultaneously. The population in this research is Banyuwangi Regency using secondary data in the form of Budget Realization Report (BRR) of Banyuwangi Regency in 2012 - 2016. Hypothesis testing in this research use multiple linear regression with t test, F test and coefficient of determination. The data that have been collected is analyzed first by testing the classical assumption then hypothesis tested by SPSS 20.0.
This paper presents and discusses the data obtained for organochlorinated pesticides and their residues in the soil samples of agricultural areas. Soil contamination is one of most important factors influencing the quality of agricultural products. Usage of heavy farm equipment, the land drainage, an excessive application of agrochemicals, emissions originating from mining, metallurgical, and chemical and coal power plants and transport, all generate a number of undesired substances (nitric and sulphur oxides, PAHs, heavy metals, pesticides), which after deposition in soil may influence crop quality. Thus, input of these contaminants into the environment should be carefully monitored. Levels of organochlorinated pesticides contamination were evaluated in agriculture areas that are in use. 10 soil samples were taken in agricultural areas Plane of Dugagjini , Kosovo. Representative soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm top layer of the soil.In the analytical method we combined ultrasonic bath extraction and a Florisil column for samples clean-up. The analysis of the organochlorinated pesticides in soil samples was performed by gas chromatography technique using electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Optima-5 (low/mid polarity, 5% phenyl methyl siloxane 60 m x 0.33 mm x 0.25μm film) capillary column was used for isolation and determination of organochlorinated pesticides. Low concentrations of organochlorinated pesticide and their metabolites were found in the studied samples. The presence of organochlorinated pesticides and their residues is probably resulting of their previous uses for agricultural purposes.
Organoclorine pesticides (OCP) are the first class of compounds of synthetic pesticides introduced in agricultural and civil uses to counteract noxious insects and insect-born disease. In general they are lipophilic compounds with noticeable chemical and environmental stability. They tend to concentrate in the higher trophic organisms, as they amplify through the food chain. Food is generally recognized as the main source of human intake of pesticides, their metabolites and their residues. Preparation of samples, especially in food samples for quantitative analysis of organochlorined pesticides has an important role in recognizing the real levels. For the analysis of these micro-trace compounds in food samples is a constant search for new analytical methods. The most important steps of their chemical analysis usually are the extraction, purification, fractionation and concentration.In this study, were analyzed samples of fruit and vegetables from the market of Peja, Kosovo in September 2011. Ultrasonic extraction was used for extracting pesticide residues from samples. Clean-up procedure was performed using firstly sulfuric acid followed a second clean-up procedure in an "open" florisil column. The organochlorine pesticides detected were HCHs (a-, b-, γ- and d-isomers) and the DDT-related chemicals (o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, methoxychlor and Aldrine's. Analyses were done with capillary column Rtx-5, 60m long, 0.32mm internal diameter, 0.25 μm film thicknesses on a gas chromatograph Dani 1000, with μECD detector. The found concentrations of the chlorinated pesticides were lower than accepted levels for studied samples
AIP56 (apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa) is a key virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the causative agent of a septicaemia affecting warm water marine fish species. Phdp-associated pathology is triggered by AIP56, a short trip AB toxin with a metalloprotease A domain that cleaves the p65 subunit of NF-κB, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that regulates the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes and plays a central role in host responses to infection. During infection by Phdp, AIP56 is systemically disseminated and induces apoptosis of macrophages and neutrophils, compromising the host phagocytic defence and contributing to the genesis of pathology. Although it is well established that the secretion of AIP56 is crucial for Phdp pathogenicity, the protein secretion systems operating in Phdp and the mechanism responsible for the extracellular release of the toxin remain unknown. Here, we report that Phdp encodes a type II secretion system (T2SS) and show that mutation of the EpsL component of this system impairs AIP56 secretion. This work demonstrates that Phdp has a functional T2SS that mediates secretion of its key virulence factor AIP56 ; This work is a result of the project Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000012-Structured program on bioengineered therapies for infectious diseases and tissue regeneration, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). Ana do Vale was supported by the FCT fellowship SFRH/BPD/95777/2013. Work in CRO laboratory is supported by grant AGL2016-79738-R (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, and co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union ; SI
