Suchergebnisse

This book examines efforts by Indigenous Yaqui, Kickapoo, and Tohono O'odham people to maintain sovereignty and identity by utilizing the unique nature and sociopolitical dynamics of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands.

In this paper I examine the Bureau of Indian Affairs' campaign to suppress liquor-use in Tohono O'odham, a federally recognized tribe whose homelands include southern Arizona, in the early 20th century. Finding purchase in scholarship on Indian-citizenship and governmental power, I adumbrate the BIA's liquor suppression program as it invoked the language of protection while actively seeking to police, punish, and incarcerate Native people. I argue that "protection" and criminalization were not only interrelated and coordinated, but also part and parcel of the BIA's project to incorporate Native people as would-be citizens and political agents. Based on archival research and organized chronologically, this paper touches upon Arizona state prohibition (1915) and national prohibition (1920). It reveals the racialized and paternalistic logics of the BIA that led to the late creation of the Papago reservation (1916), and it examines the ways that the BIA's prohibition program clashed with the Tohono O'odham Nawait I'i ceremony. Alcohol was after all not a colonial import for Tohono O'odham people but an indigenous and ceremonial substance.

Ofelia Zepeda, an enrolled member of the Tohono O'odham Indian Nation (formerly Papago), is one of the most acknowledged Native American poets of her generation. Zepeda's creative writing can be characterized as eco-poetry, for it is deeply connected with the natural environment of the Tohono O'odham traditional tribal territory in the Sonoran Desert of the American Southwest. The present paper focuses on the motif of language and speech as it is presented in Zepeda's latest collection of verses Where Clouds Are Formed (2008). The paper maps the diverse forms in the work and in studies of individual poems (some of which are bilingual: English and Tohono O'odham), the significance of the traditional language within the context of so-called environmental (in)justice is explored.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the ethnic identity and psychological acculturation scales of the Papagos population from northern of Sonora based on the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale (Phinney, 1992) and the Psychological Acculturation Scale (Marin et al., 1987). Through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling, 158 Papagos from the state of Sonora were selected, with 96 women (60.75%) and 62 men (39.24%), with an average age of 63 years (SD= 20 years). The exploratory factor analysis for the ethnic identity scale showed a KMO value of .91 and an acceptable internal consistency index (α = .78) for the two main factors: ethnic affirmation and belonging and commitment to the ethnic group. The Psychological Acculturation scale showed a KMO value of .92 and an acceptable internal consistency index (α = 0.73) for the factors of social relationship with the ethnic group and use of language. Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the maximum likelihood method showed convergent and divergent construct validity between the factors and all items presented acceptable factorial weights (λ > 0.5). Acceptable validity and reliability indexes were found that indicate the goodness and robustness of these measures to obtain results on ethnic identity perception and psychological acculturation. The participants claim to belong to an ethnic cultural group and maintain their ethnic identity through language and cultural practices, however, by interacting with a new culture they are exposed to a process of social adaptation.

Making human space : the archaeology of trails, paths, and roads / James E. Snead, Clark L. Erickson, and J. Andrew Darling -- Kukhepya : searching for Hopi trails / T.J. Ferguson, G. Lennis Berlin, and Leigh J. Kuwanwisiwma -- Trails of tradition : movement, meaning, and place / James E. Snead -- O'odham trails and the archaeology of space / J. Andrew Darling -- Reconstructing Southern Paiute-Chemehuevi trails in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada and California : ethnographic perspectives from the 1930s / Catherine S. Fowler -- From path to myth : journeys and the naturalization of territorial identity along the Missouri River / María Nieves Zedeño, Kacy Hollenback, and Calvin Grinnell -- A road by any other name : trails, paths, and roads in Maya language and thought / Angela H. Keller -- When the construction of meaning preceded the meaning of construction : from footpaths to monumental entrances in ancient Costa Rica / Payson Sheets -- Emergent landscapes of movement in early Bronze Age northern Mesopotamia / Jason Ur -- Agency, causeways, canals, and the landscapes of everyday life in the Bolivian Amazon / Clark L. Erickson -- Precolumbian causeways and canals as landesque capital / Clark L. Erickson and John H. Walker -- Routes through the landscape : a comparative approach / Timothy Earle -- Appendix 1. Coding of the cases of paths, trails, and roads discussed in the conference / Timothy Earle -- Appendix 2. Comparative variables for trails, paths, and roads

In October of 2020, the University of Arizona's College of Social and Behavioral Sciences hosted a lecture series called Womanpower. The final lecture was an interview between Michelle Téllez and Yalitza Aparicio—an Indigenous woman, actress, and activist. This interview transcript (originally conducted in Spanish) discusses Aparicio's childhood, her experiences with discrimination, her role in the groundbreaking film Roma, and her activism on behalf of domestic workers and Indigenous peoples. In this interview, Téllez highlights issues of Indigenous rights, recognizing how Aparicio's platform can bring visibility to the O'odham land defenders fighting for their sacred lands today, but also to Indigenous peoples fighting for their territories in Mexico, as alluded to in Roma. Téllez wanted to recognize the power that is ever-present in the bodies and minds of women workers who create possibilities despite their circumstances, and who maneuver between space and place, languages and cultures as they center homes, both their own and others. She points us to Aparicio's role as a domestic worker to remind us of the silent but ever-present power of women. Téllez connects the interview with her own research and personal experiences growing up along the U.S./Mexico border in the cities of San Diego/Tijuana – where she was witness to the racial, gendered, and classed dynamics of power and exclusion.