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Professional ethics in medicine -- Professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology -- Decision making by, with, and for patients -- Confidentiality -- Conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment -- Teaching professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology -- Prevention of pregnancy -- Initiation of pregnancy -- Induced abortion and feticide -- Fetal analysis -- Periviability -- Intrapartum management -- The perfect baby -- Cancer and pregnancy -- Setting ethically justified limits on clinical management -- Leadership -- Clinical innovation and research -- Health policy and advocacy.

The article proposes an educational method that allows you to activate the learning process to improve the practical skills of interns at preclinical students with the help of dummies, what form the current use of study. Our department has some dummies with the topography of the pelvic cavity, which allows you to study the structure of the female pelvis and the peculiarities of the passage of the fetal head through the pelvic plane to help future specialists master when assisting the birth of a child, such as applying a vacuum extractor to the fetal head and obstetric forceps, what provides the source base for this article. At the same time, intern doctors have a unique opportunity to provide emergency care during childbirth and correctly provide classic obstetric assistance during childbirth, in particular, removal of the fetal head and providing classic manual assistance during the birth of the fetus in the breech presentation according to Tsovyanov 1-2. The interactivity of the learning process allows the intern, taking into account feedback, to study the material in a dynamic presentation of textual and graphic materials that is comfortable for him, as well as to consolidate the educational topic on a real-life model. The novelty of the study. Using the technology of standard and graphic hyperlinks in combination with interactive scenarios allows you to increase the didactic value of educational materials and interest the modern intern doctor. At the initial stages of training (the first two classes), interns are shown interactive techniques, and then they form tactile memory in the scope of the skills of examining a sick or pregnant woman using instrumental methods. In the following classes, the algorithm of the manipulations performed in the pathology of the vagina and female genital organs is learned and consolidated by using an educational dummy. Conclusions. The program provides for consistent training of interns using new computer technologies and also provides an opportunity for continuous training of doctors in practical skills on dummies. To provide interns with material for self-training, educational test manuals have been developed that allow them to master basic medical manipulations in obstetrics and gynecology, as well as to study various aspects of the work of a gynecologist with a patient. In addition, the original training systems allow objective control of the quality of interns' assimilation of the theoretical foundations of obstetrics and gynecology thanks to a specially developed interactive teaching method using a study guide. The proposed training methods for teaching interns allow to activate the learning process and increase the level of mastery of practical skills at the pre-clinical stage when using dummies.

Artificial intelligence (AI) uses data and algorithms to aim to draw conclusions that are as good as, or even better than, those drawn by humans. AI is already part of our daily life; it is behind face recognition technology, speech recognition in virtual assistants (such as Amazon Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google Assistant and Microsoft Cortana) and self‐driving cars. AI software has been able to beat world champions in chess, Go and recently even Poker. Relevant to our community, it is a prominent source of innovation in healthcare, already helping to develop new drugs, support clinical decisions and provide quality assurance in radiology. The list of medical image‐analysis AI applications with USA Food and Drug Administration or European Union (soon to fall under European Union Medical Device Regulation) approval is growing rapidly and covers diverse clinical needs, such as detection of arrhythmia using a smartwatch or automatic triage of critical imaging studies to the top of the radiologist's worklist. Deep learning, a leading tool of AI, performs particularly well in image pattern recognition and, therefore, can be of great benefit to doctors who rely heavily on images, such as sonologists, radiographers and pathologists. Although obstetric and gynecological ultrasound are two of the most commonly performed imaging studies, AI has had little impact on this field so far. Nevertheless, there is huge potential for AI to assist in repetitive ultrasound tasks, such as automatically identifying good‐quality acquisitions and providing instant quality assurance. For this potential to thrive, interdisciplinary communication between AI developers and ultrasound professionals is necessary. In this article, we explore the fundamentals of medical imaging AI, from theory to applicability, and introduce some key terms to medical professionals in the field of ultrasound. We believe that wider knowledge of AI will help accelerate its integration into healthcare. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) uses data and algorithms to aim to draw conclusions as good as humans (or even better). AI is already a part of our daily life – it is behind face recognition, speech recognition in virtual assistants (like Amazon Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google Assistant, and Microsoft Cortana) and self‐driving cars. AI software has been able to win world champions in Chess, Go and recently even Poker. Relevant to our community, it is a prominent source of innovation in healthcare, already helping to develop new drugs, support clinical decisions, and provide quality assurance in radiology. The full list of medical image analysis AI applications with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Union regulation (soon to fall under European Union Medical Device Regulation (EU‐MDR)) is growing rapidly and covers diverse clinical needs, such as arrhythmia detection with your smartwatch or automatic triage of critical imaging studies to the top of the radiologist worklist. Deep learning, a leading tool of AI, is in particular good at image pattern recognition and therefore of high benefit to doctors who heavily depend on images, like sonologists, radiographers and pathologists. Although obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound are two of the most commonly performed imaging studies, AI has had little impact on this field so far. Nevertheless, there is huge potential to assist in repetitive ultrasound tasks, such as automatically identifying good acquisitions and immediate quality assure. For this potential to thrive interdisciplinary communication between AI developers and ultrasound professionals is necessary. In this opinion we explore the fundamentals of medical imaging AI, from theory to applicability, and introduce some key terms to medical professionals in the field of ultrasound. We believe that wider knowledge of AI will help accelerate its integration into healthcare.

This article examines in detail modern methods of teaching obstetrics and gynecology in higher education. Modern ones are given highly effective approaches to conducting lectures, with the introduction of discussion elements. In our opinion, the experience of the world and national systems of higher education proves the need to use the latest interactive teaching methods. It undoubtedly contributes to the introduction of the technology of personally-oriented learning into the didactic process, the use of methods of encouraging students to educational and cognitive activities, which in turn ensures a personal orientation of learning. In this regard, the statement that interactive training is aimed at activating the cognitive activity of medical interns through the organization of communication among themselves, interns with the teacher, between groups, which is aimed at solving a common educational problem, is relevant. Accordingly, the establishment of modern interactive training involves simulation of examples and joint solution of the relevant situation. Competence of students, which is formed by interactive learning, expands the limits of cognitive possibilities, promotes analysis and application information obtained in the process of learning, and contributes significantly to the accumulation of skills in future professional medical activity. Methodology of the study includes comparative, descriptive and case-sdtudy methods. A deep one appears internal motivation, interns begin to make important decisions and enjoy developing their professional medical skills. The structure of "question-answer" methods, their use in conducting practical classes, which contribute to the emergence of professional competence of intern doctors and significantly increase the effectiveness of their perception of academic material, are covered in detail. If the interactive method is used, the intern does not feel like an object of the learning process, but a subject of acquiring knowledge, this undoubtedly leads to internal motivation, which contributes to its effectiveness. Conclusions. Thanks to the effect of originality and novelty of interactive methods, with their correct organization, the interest of intern doctors in the learning process increases. The modern pedagogical process of higher education uses various methods of organizing training, education and revealing future doctors as individuals. Lectures are undoubtedly the main and necessary form of training. Some supporters of traditional didactics see its advantages, while their opponents claim that times have changed and should to realize that the lecture as a classroom form of communication with students is the least effective among other forms of education in higher education. The application of the "Case Studies" method is quite effective in teaching obstetrics and gynecology. Given that the method was first developed at the beginning of the 20th century. at the Harvard Business School, it is also called the Harvard method. In our opinion, the method of specific situations - ICS, or situational learning - is a very effective teaching method, which involves the use of specific situations (cases from practice) from a certain section or topic of the training course for joint analysis, discussion and acceptance decision, brainstorming within a small group and a public speech with the presentation and defense of the proposed decision are also used. The main stages of "Case Studies" are distinguished, such as: the teacher's introductory speech; formation of microgroups; work in a small group; presentation of solutions developed by speakers; questions to the speakers; general discussion; teacher's closing speech; summing up.

The malpractice ripoff began when the no-fault automobile accident law was passed. Many lawyers were in a panic at this time and turned to medical malpractice litigation to make a living. It became the conduit to quick wealth. The patient was the loser, the lawyer the winner, and the physician often devastated by the patient's ingratitude. For a patient-plaintiff to maintain a successful lawsuit for medical negligence against a physician, four elements must be alleged and proved in a court of law: duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Each must be proved by a patient to prevail against a physician. Since this is very difficult to do, the lawyers have subtly brought in a new approach called maloccurrence. This is defined as a bad outcome unrelated to the quality of care provided. The lawyers need not prove the four elements to win a malpractice case; many are won on deceit and in violation of the law by introducing the concept of maloccurrence. Not only are tort reforms needed but out of court alternatives must be mandated by law or our health care delivery system will be destroyed. Government interference and the malpractice ripoff has had a devastating effect on the talent attracted to medical school, and the number of applicants is falling rapidly. The medical malpractice crisis could soon be translated into a health delivery service crisis. Concerned citizens must join together with the medical profession and leaders of the legal profession to halt this monstrous injustice. The litigation milieu has not only paralyzed the health care industry but it has had a devastating effect across the board on the way Americans live and do business. It must be solved now for justice delayed is justice denied.

Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Forthcoming Issues -- Foreword -- Preface -- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care -- Key points -- Introduction: defining health disparities and the national impact -- The etiology of racial and ethnic disparities in health care -- Future directions and strategies for improvement -- Summary -- Quality of Care and Disparities in Obstetrics -- Key points -- Introduction -- Quality of care -- Health disparities and health equity -- Quality measurement in obstetrics -- Disparities, outcomes, and quality -- Discussion - next steps -- Reassessing Unintended Pregnancy: Toward a Patient-centered Approach to Family Planning -- Key points -- Introduction -- Reassessing unintended pregnancy -- Concerns about using unintended pregnancy as a marker in a clinical encounter -- Practical, patient-centered approach to optimizing reproductive choices -- Areas for further work -- Family Planning American Style Redux: Unintended Pregnancy Improves, Barriers Remain -- Key points -- Introduction -- Influence of sexuality education on unintended pregnancy -- Influence of media on unintended pregnancy -- Culture and family planning -- Access to care: the impact of the Affordable Care Act -- Anticontraceptive politics -- Hospital mergers -- Who is most affected? -- Facilitators -- Summary -- Leveraging Opportunities for Postpartum Weight Interventions -- Key points -- Postpartum as a critical phase of a woman's lifespan -- Overweight and obesity in African American women -- Global recommendations for postpartum care -- Evidence for postpartum weight loss interventions -- Theoretic frameworks for developing and implementing interventions -- Future research -- Policy implications -- Initiatives to prevent obesity -- Addressing Health Care Disparities Among Sexual Minorities -- Key points