Suchergebnisse

"At the midpoint of its implementation, NORA continues to evolve and thrive. Those dedicated to NORA and occupational safety and health have produced: 1. An enthusiastic and productive, broad-based NORA Liaison Committee. 2. Successful efforts of 20 NORA Teams, including outreach, conferences and symposia, and the production of research agendas. 3. A successful grant process that produced record-breaking funding for targeted occupational safety and health research in Fiscal Years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. 4. Three surveys (FY96, FY98, FY00) of Federal occupational safety and health research investment, showing increases in Federal partner funding in occupational safety and health in general, and NORA in particular. 5. Evidence that a national research agenda was, and continues to be, needed and that NORA research priority areas were well chosen with broad input and growing support. 6. Recognition that NORA is a model for public-private partnerships and is being widely used by other organizations in similar planning efforts. 7. The first broad-based network of public and private partnerships in occupational safety and health." - NIOSHTIC-2 ; "Publication of this NORA Update 2001 and the celebration of our 2001 NORA Symposium mark both the midpoint of the 10-year implementation of NORA and the 30th anniversary of the establishment of NIOSH by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Throughout its thirty years as the nation's primary research agency for worker safety and health, NIOSH has played a vital role in improving safety and health conditions in the workplace. We track diseases and injuries efficiently, we identify risks with sophisticated techniques, we design and evaluate creative interventions, and we communicate and educate widely and rapidly. For these accomplishments, we acknowledge the scientific excellence of our predecessors, who have brought us further than we ever could have imagined thirty years ago. However, we are all too aware that much remains to be done and new challenges constantly appear. As we remember our past, we recognize that NIOSH did not come this far alone and, as we anticipate our future, we acknowledge that partnership, collaboration, and participation are the keys to success. NORA at five years both reflects and focuses the progress of NIOSH at thirty years. NORA is the embodiment of partnership and--by targeting research--fosters a sense of community and common purpose among researchers and practitioners in the wide variety of disciplines under the banner of occupational safety and health. NORA provides a forum for diverse voices in labor, industry, government, and academia to contribute their unique perspectives. NIOSH at age thirty has a long history of listening to and addressing those perspectives, but NORA has given us a powerful mechanism to convert perspectives into data to effect real change. As in previous years, we are proud to see NORA used as a model for other organizations devising agendas for their own research and practice." - -p. 1 ; Also available via the Wide Web.

"This document provided an overview of National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) and the progress made in the first year. The NORA Liaison Committee has worked with NIOSH to begin the transformation from a concept to a reality. Altogether, 20 NORA teams have been established including NIOSH staff and partners from academia, labor, industry, professional organizations, and other Government agencies. Increases in investment in NORA research areas has been observed. Twenty one research priorities were identified, including allergic and irritant dermatitis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fertility and pregnancy abnormalities, hearing loss, infectious diseases, low back disorders, musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities, traumatic injuries, emerging technologies, indoor environment, mixed exposures, organization of work, special populations at risk, cancer research methods, control technology and personal protective equipment, exposure assessment methods, health services research, intervention effectiveness research, risk assessment methods, social and economic consequences of workplace illness and injury, and surveillance research methods. The success of NORA can be measured by NIOSH's research investment, other Federal agencies investments, funding of grant applications in NORA priority areas, research literature and prevention and intervention activities arising out of NORA. In this one year NORA has been recognized as a model for public/private partnerships." - NIOSHTIC-2 ; Cover title. ; Also available via the World Wide Web from.

This paper argues that constructive confrontation strategy is an effective technique for identifying alcoholic and other troubled professionals. The research on constructive confrontation in work organizations and occupations is reviewed and applied to the professions. Currently, there is little empirical research on reaching the impaired professional; consequently, qualitative studies need to be undertaken in order to fully describe and understand how assistance programs actually work with impaired professionals.

"Evidence of the continued success of the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) can be found in this third annual NORA Update. Funding and support of NORA, both intramurally and extramurally, increase yearly. The NORA grants program has also been a huge success. In FY 98, NIOSH and four NIH partners awarded 50 grants totaling about $8 million dollars in ten NORA priority areas. This represents the largest ever single infusion of extramural funding for investigator-initiated occupational safety and health research. The FY 99 Request for Applications (RFA) for NORA research looks just as promising. NIOSH and five NIH Institutes are expected to award more than $7.5 million in eight NORA priority research areas. Despite these successes, NIOSH and its partners are aware that extramural researchers still face disappointing odds when submitting their applications in these high priority areas - with current funding allowing only 14% of approved grants to be funded (compared to a success rate of over twice that in other areas funded by the NIH). It is NIOSH's goal to increase success rates in the next few years. While the accomplishments are captured in this document, the true essence of NORA will be found at the NORA Symposium 1999: Partnership for Research. This second symposium highlights the successes of NORA and brings together over 300 NORA participants and supporters from across the country. It is this strong public-partnership network that has made NORA a success. Individuals and organizations throughout government, labor, industry, and academia continue to believe in the importance of and need for this national agenda. As the title suggests, this year's theme is partnership. Partners from many sectors will discuss their experiences in using NORA to improve worker safety and health. The wide range of NORA partners willing to speak on behalf of NORA says more about the universality and usefulness of NORA than any words. Also at the Symposium, the first NORA Partnership Award For Worker Health and Safety will be presented to the Asphalt Partnership. This unique collaboration of government, industry, and labor embodies the true spirit of NORA partnership. This partnership was also selected as a finalist in the Ford Foundation 1998 Innovations in American Government awards program. NIOSH decided to honor partnership because it is through continued partnership that NORA will achieve its full potential. The full potential is beyond our current optimistic thinking, if NORA's first three years are any indication. " - NIOSHTIC-2 ; Also availalbe via the World Wide Web.

Occupational cancer research in the Nordic countries benefits from certain structural advantages, including the existence of computerized population registries, national cancer registries with high-quality data on cancer incidence, and a personal identification number for each inhabitant. This article outlines the utilization of this research infrastructure in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, together with research examples from the different countries. Future research on occupational cancer in this region requires that national legislation on electronic handling of sensitive personal information should not be stricter than the European Union Directive on individual protection with regard to personal data. A personal identification number is essential both for keeping up the high quality of data of the registers and for the high quality of the process of linking the different data sources together. Although previous occupational research has focused on male workers, a broader approach is needed in the future, including a study of how cancer risk in women may be affected by occupational activity and the question of possible cancer risk in offspring of men and women exposed to workplace carcinogens.

"In April 1996, at the 25th Anniversary of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 in Washington, DC, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) unveiled the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). NORA was developed by NIOSH and approximately 500 of its partners in the public and private sectors to provide a framework to guide occupational safety and health research in the United States over the next decade. This report is a product of the NORA Traumatic Occupational Injury Team--a group of individuals representing government, industry, labor, and academia and a variety of backgrounds and disciplines associated with public health, safety sciences, engineering, and communications." - NIOSHTIC-2 ; by the NORA Traumatic Injury Team. ; Cover title. ; Members of the NORA Traumatic Injury Team who authored this report: Nancy Stout, George Conway, Lynn Jenkins, Herb Linn, Tim Pizatella, Karl Snyder, Lisa Steiner. ; Also availalbe via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 15).

On October 28, 29, and 30, 2003, many of the foremost researchers in occupational injury convened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the Sheraton Station Square Hotel to present their latest findings and methods at the third National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in association with its private and public partners, hosted NOIRS 2003 to provide a forum for researchers to share their work with others. This symposium was a means of implementing the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) for traumatic occupational injuries. NORA was formulated through the cooperative efforts of business, labor, academia, safety and health, and government leaders under the sponsorship of NIOSH. ; Available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (369, 86 p.).

ABSTRACT
Researchers often employ methodologies and instruments without regard to the assumptions that were originally made in the development of that methodology and instrument. This lack of reflexivity may lead to the protection of data whose usefulness is problematic. An instance of such blinkered research is the area of stress. This paper discusses a number of problems with past methodological approaches and conceptualisations of stress in an effort to cause future research to rethink the approach to this phenomenon. It is also the intention that this discussion may serve as a case study to alert researchers more generally to some taken for granted assumptions in research design.

Intervention research in occupational health and safety (OHS) addresses the development, implementation, and evaluation of OHS interventions.(1) The emphasis in intervention research is applied rather than basic or etiologic. Etiologic OSH research is about identifying risk factors for occupational injury and disease, such as in epidemiology studies about the relationship between job stress and heart disease. It has tended to be under-emphasized historically in relation to more basic science-oriented etiologic research. The goal of intervention research in OHS is to translate basic research knowledge into public health action and benefits. As such, intervention research in OHS is often cross-disciplinary, drawing from a range of disciplines such as program evaluation, education, and social psychology in addition to OHS and other branches of public health. The US National Institutes for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) presented a National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to improve OHS in 1996.(2, 3) NORA was based on input from over 500 stakeholder groups across the country and identified 21 priority research areas, one of which was Intervention Effectiveness Research.(4) For each priority research area, NIOSH assembled a Team of experts in the area, drawing from labour, industry, academia, and government. The Intervention Effectiveness Research Team developed a conceptual model of intervention research in OHS(1) in order to: • Provide an integrating framework for diverse activities; • Articulate relationships among various types of intervention research; • Facilitate assessment of the current state of the field in order to guide strategic planning (e.g., specific requests for intervention research proposals); and • Develop common language to facilitate communication. This model posits that the intervention research process is cyclical and progressive and involves three broad research phases of intervention development, implementation, and evaluation (Figure 1 at end of paper).(1) Further, it includes a set of five tasks that are important in any intervention research study: (1) gathering background information and conducting needs assessment on the problem and the range of possible intervention strategies, (2) developing partnerships with relevant stakeholder groups, (3) choosing appropriate research methods and study designs, (4) conducting the research, and (5) reporting on and disseminating findings. Finally, intervention research can be conducted at levels ranging from simple worksite programs to national or international policy.

Scholars of gender, work, and organization have long been concerned with developing explanations to occupational segregation; that is, the segregation of work by socially significant forms of difference such as sex and race. In this article, I argue that extant occupational segregation research is limited by its reliance upon binary thinking, as well as its neglect of forms of difference other than sex and race. In order to rethink this line of research, I develop a new approach to occupational segregation that is rooted in queer theory. The queer approach to occupational segregation research that I develop entails: (1) examining occupational segregation beyond the multiple binaries upon which extant occupational segregation research is premised; (2) conceptualizing and operationalizing difference as being performatively accomplished in everyday occupational and organizational life; (3) articulating a politics of occupational segregation that challenges dominant notions of group identity and exposes within‐group inequalities and marginalization; and (4) expanding the repertoire of methods through which we conduct occupational segregation research. I conclude this article by discussing how queer theory can enable us to rethink not only occupational segregation research, but also the study of gender, work and organization.

Annotation

Taking an evidence-based approach to understanding police culture, this thorough and accessible book critically reviews existing research and offers new insights on theories and definitions. Tom Cockcroft, an authority on the subject, addresses a range of contemporary issues including diversity, police reform and police professionalisation. This invaluable review: - Identifies and discusses differing conceptions of police culture; - Explores the contribution of different disciplinary and methodological approaches to our understanding of police culture; - Assesses how culture relates to many different operational aspects of policing; - Contextualises our understanding of police culture in relation to both contemporary police agendas and wider social change. For students, researchers and police officers alike, this is an accessible and timely appraisal of police culture