Suchergebnisse

Highly visual and containing contributions from leading names in landscape, architecture and design, this volume provides a rare insight into people's engagement with the outdoor environment; looking at the ways in which the design of spaces and places meets people's needs and desires in the twenty-first century

In the current panorama of urban growth and planning in many urban territories of western societies, open spaces are residual spaces of urban occupation or are reserved for eventual occupation. Open spaces have been viewed in this manner in the earlier stages of the compact city and especially now, in a time of the dispersed territories characterized by discontinuity, heterogeneity, and fragmentation.The disciplinary perspectives of ecology, geology, landscape architecture, and urbanism, but also public opinion, have for some time promoted the conservation and protection of the most valuable natural spaces, and efforts have been made to remove such spaces from the real estate market. However, such positions, usually radical, are insufficient for territorial equilibrium and inevitably lead to the progressive disappearance of valuable natural spaces.

Urban mobility is a key issue in sustainable urban development policies. However, in the latest decades, the rise of urban traffic has aggravated environmental quality, spatial fragmentation, and social cohesion in metropolitan areas. Meeting commuter's needs should not be contrary to improving the quality of the environment. Public politics based on an integrated spatial planning of urban mobility and the urban fabric, following environmental principles, would contribute to make an accessible system of public spaces. The main goal of this research is to assess how a mass transport network could become the backbone of a metropolitan public space system. Integrated planning of public transport and open space system could contribute to improve indicators related to urban mobility, environmental quality and social inclusion, in unstructured environments and socially vulnerable communities. This scientific-analytic research is focused on three variables: urban mobility, urban morphology and social inclusion, and their quantitative and qualitative indicators (traffic flows, land-use patterns, air pollution, socioeconomic status, public space area per capita, etc.). These indicators are tested in Metro Line 2 of Lima, nowadays under construction. Lima Metropolitana is one of the largest Latin-American conurbations with a population of just over 9,5M and 22M daily commutes. Moreover, traffic congestion is considered by residents as the city's second most important problem in spite that 75% of daily trips take place in public transport. An urban model based on unbalanced urban densities and no mixed land-use patterns, and informal transport services undermines the creation of a metropolitan open space system. An integrated spatial planning based on mobility and public space improving the future exchange nodes of Metro Line from a spatial and social point of view could contribute to reduce the impacts of urban flows, such as spatial fragmentation, social inequality and environmental pollution. ; This research has received financial support from the Annual Research Incentive Competition convened by the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (Peru), through the project "Mass public transport network as a backbone element of the metropolitan open space system, the Lima Metro as a case study" led by Professor Susana López; Ii has also obtained the Ibero-America Santander Research Scholarship 2019 for the project "The public transport network as a backbone element of the system of environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive urban spaces: the case of Lima Metro, Peru", with Professor Joan Moreno as grantee. Likewise, we would like to especially thank the student of Geography and Environment, Carlos Guardia Brown, for his contribution to the analysis of cartographic data and graphic expression of the figures included in the document. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

Abstract. In an emergency situation shelter space is crucial for people affected by natural hazards. Emergency planners in disaster relief and mass care can greatly benefit from a sound methodology that identifies suitable shelter areas and sites where shelter services need to be improved. A methodology to rank suitability of open spaces for contingency planning and placement of shelter in the immediate aftermath of a disaster is introduced. The Open Space Suitability Index uses the combination of two different measures: a qualitative evaluation criterion for the suitability and manageability of open spaces to be used as shelter sites and another quantitative criterion using a capacitated accessibility analysis based on network analysis. For the qualitative assessment implementation issues, environmental considerations and basic utility supply are the main categories to rank candidate shelter sites. A geographic information system is used to reveal spatial patterns of shelter demand. Advantages and limitations of this method are discussed on the basis of an earthquake hazard case study in the Kathmandu Metropolitan City. According to the results, out of 410 open spaces under investigation, 12.2% have to be considered not suitable (Category D and E) while 10.7% are Category A and 17.6% are Category B. Almost two-thirds (59.55%) are fairly suitable (Category C).