Suchergebnisse

The main aim of opening up innovation is to optimize the process of creating innovations, while pooling human, financial and material resources. Various profiles of actors are thus brought together in order to collaborate to achieve common objectives and share their particular interests. This book describes the challenges of collaboration in the development of innovations in a context where the sustainability of value chains is central. The diversity of collaborative forms, shared spaces (FabLab, LivingLab, co-working spaces), the intrinsic characteristics of innovation, and the actors actively involved in its emergence are all addressed in this book. The structuring of partners collaborating in innovative projects in specific environments is also discussed. Furthermore, it questions the social responsibility of companies and their innovative role in generating sustainable solutions for stakeholders.

The article addresses the technological base development for the exploration and use of outer space over the current decade and the subsequent period. Primary attention is given to the USA, Russia and China. The most important disruptive emerging military and dual-use technologies are highlighted, their impact on strategic stability, national and international security is examined in terms of both opportunities and risks. A cluster of the most important and perspective space technologies is considered. The paper indicates the possibility and necessity of new agreements on exploration and use of outer space, crucial for adapting space activities to new military-strategic, military-political and technological realities against a backdrop of the innovative technological breakthroughs and the digitalization processes development. Under the conditions of the U.S. military-political leaders' commitment to competition between great powers, special attentions are paid to the increase of the competition complex factor and development of the so-called PEMT-competition (political, economic, military and technological competition). One of its important focuses is the space activity. It is underlined in the perspective survey till 2040 that, in spite of the crisis situation in the Russian space sector at the boundary of the third decade of the 21st century, Russia has a real opportunity to remain in the category of leading space powers. Special case study of the article is the interactions between space development and strategic stability, on the one hand, and information warfare, on the other. The problems of the space systems vulnerability are also noted. The article emphasizes the fundamental nature, importance and necessity of an impending long-term revision of future global space activities, primarily from the perspective of strategic stability. But the necessity of intensive world discussions on space control is also stressed.

Ethnography matters when to provide sustainable and inclusive urban spaces is an issue. Advancing knowledge on the relationship between social practices and public space is therefore crucial. This paper seeks to contribute to widening the debate about this relationship, added now by the phenomenon of penetration of ICT into public spaces. The main goal is to propose a methodological approach to guide the research in the field of urban ethnography. This approach is based, on the one hand, on long experience in ethnographic studies on public spaces, with the goal of identifying the relationship between social practices and the space in the configuration of representations and creation of socio-spatial images, particularly in urban transformation processes. On the other hand, it is based on a detailed analysis of the CyberParks Project objectives. Both allow us to better define the analysis dimensions and to identify their variables. Such framework could be used to guide future ethnographic research to be undertaken in CyberParks and beyond. ; Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. ; peer-reviewed

This study contributes to the current literature on open innovation by analysing the effects of open innovation activities on the introduction of new-to-the-world innovations versus imitation. We base our analysis on data provided by the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in Germany in 2012, which for the first time made a distinction between world–first innovation and imitation. We use both logit models and CHAID trees. The results of both analyses show that traditional in-house innovation and patents continue to make the largest contribution to world-first innovation in the so-called open-innovation era, while some specific open innovation activities contribute to a lesser extent: cooperation with customers, information from universities, cooperation with suppliers, and acquisition of machinery. Thus, promoting open innovation can be advantageous not only for imitative innovation but also for introducing world-first innovations. The European Commission should continue to include open innovation policies in its agenda ; Acknowledgements are due to Eurostat for providing us with the Community Innovation Survey microdata. Authors have all responsibility for the results obtained. The first author was supported by the University of Girona grant (BR-UdG). The second author was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenessgrant ECO2013-46954-C3-3-R, by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR868, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/093. The third author was supported by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR551, by the Spanish Health Ministry grant CB06/02/1002, by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry grant MTM2015-65016-C2-1-R, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/069

This study contributes to the current literature on open innovation by analysing the effects of open innovation activities on the introduction of new-to-the-world innovations versus imitation. We base our analysis on data provided by the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in Germany in 2012, which for the first time made a distinction between world–first innovation and imitation. We use both logit models and CHAID trees. The results of both analyses show that traditional in-house innovation and patents continue to make the largest contribution to world-first innovation in the so-called open-innovation era, while some specific open innovation activities contribute to a lesser extent: cooperation with customers, information from universities, cooperation with suppliers, and acquisition of machinery. Thus, promoting open innovation can be advantageous not only for imitative innovation but also for introducing world-first innovations. The European Commission should continue to include open innovation policies in its agenda ; Acknowledgements are due to Eurostat for providing us with the Community Innovation Survey microdata. Authors have all responsibility for the results obtained. The first author was supported by the University of Girona grant (BR-UdG). The second author was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenessgrant ECO2013-46954-C3-3-R, by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR868, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/093. The third author was supported by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR551, by the Spanish Health Ministry grant CB06/02/1002, by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry grant MTM2015-65016-C2-1-R, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/069

This study contributes to the current literature on open innovation by analysing the effects of open innovation activities on the introduction of new-to-the-world innovations versus imitation. We base our analysis on data provided by the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in Germany in 2012, which for the first time made a distinction between world–first innovation and imitation. We use both logit models and CHAID trees. The results of both analyses show that traditional in-house innovation and patents continue to make the largest contribution to world-first innovation in the so-called open-innovation era, while some specific open innovation activities contribute to a lesser extent: cooperation with customers, information from universities, cooperation with suppliers, and acquisition of machinery. Thus, promoting open innovation can be advantageous not only for imitative innovation but also for introducing world-first innovations. The European Commission should continue to include open innovation policies in its agenda ; Acknowledgements are due to Eurostat for providing us with the Community Innovation Survey microdata. Authors have all responsibility for the results obtained. The first author was supported by the University of Girona grant (BR-UdG). The second author was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenessgrant ECO2013-46954-C3-3-R, by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR868, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/093. The third author was supported by the Catalan Autonomous Government grant 2014SGR551, by the Spanish Health Ministry grant CB06/02/1002, by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry grant MTM2015-65016-C2-1-R, and by the University of Girona grant MPCUdG2016/069

Open innovation increases the profit of companies and organizations via the input and the adoption of new ideas that are transformed into new processes, products, and services. Yet, how do we ensure that adopters of such innovations focus on relevant problems and use appropriate methods? How should we manage open innovation technologies? How can we exploit distributed knowledge and inventions? And how can we promote them successfully on the market?With valuable lessons to be learned from academic research and industrial experiences of e.g. Intel, Nokia, Philips Healthcare, small municipalities, e-learning platforms and user communities, this book focuses on some of the key dimensions of open innovation and open innovation technologies. It is divided into three themes: theme 1 deals with open innovation as it is in use today, including theoretical underpinnings and lessons from related research fields. Theme 2 analyzes the use of open innovation in organizations today in order to extract best practices. Theme 3 presents forward-looking theoretical research as well as practical future uses of open innovation. Each chapter addresses the particular topics by presenting experiences and results gained in real life projects and/or by empirical research, and clearly states its purpose and how readers are supposed to benefit from it. Overall, the objectives of this book are to advance and disseminate research on systematic open innovation, and to make its results available to practitioners. Thus, the intended target audience includes the international academic community, industrial enterprises, and public authorities.

Intro -- SERVICE ENTITIES IN OPEN-CLOSED INNOVATION -- SERVICE ENTITIES IN OPEN-CLOSED INNOVATION -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION -- SERVICE ECONOMY AND THE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN SERVICES -- Chapter 2: THE WORLD ECONOMY AND THE GROWTH IN SERVICE SECTORS -- 1.1. GLOBAL TRENDS BY SECTOR -- 1.2. THE RELATIONSHIP OF FIRM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVITY -- 1.3. THE ROLE OF R&D IN SERVICES -- 1.4. THE FUNCTION OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE SERVICES (KIS) -- Chapter 3: PRODUCTIVITY AND INNOVATION IN SERVICE SECTORS -- 2.1. THEORIES ON FIRM SIZE, R&D, AND INNOVATION -- 2.2. CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS-PANEL DATA ANALYSES -- 2.3. DYNAMIC MICRO MODELS -- Production Functions -- The Role of Trade -- Decomposing Productivity -- 2.4. DYNAMIC MACRO MODELS -- Chapter 4: EMPIRICAL ANALYSES -- 3.1. METHODOLOGY AND DATA -- 3.2. RESULT OF MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS -- 3.2.1. Industry: Electronics -- Observation -- Observation -- 3.2.2. Industry: Information and Telecommunication -- Observation -- Observation -- 3.2.3. Industry: Real estate -- Observation -- Observation -- 3.2.4. Industry: Retail -- Observation -- Observation -- 3.2.5. Industry: Service -- Observation -- Observation -- Observation -- 3.3. RESULT OF MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS -- 3.4. SUMMARY -- Chapter 5: CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- INDEX

Highly visual and containing contributions from leading names in landscape, architecture and design, this volume provides a rare insight into people's engagement with the outdoor environment; looking at the ways in which the design of spaces and places meets people's needs and desires in the twenty-first century