Suchergebnisse

Otvorenost javne uprave, koja uključuje njenu vidljivost i dostupnost građanima, ali i mogućnost sudjelovanja građana u donošenju odluka, formuliranju politika i propisa, jedno je od temeljnih načela europskoga upravnog prostora. Europska unija prepoznaje otvorenost kao jedno od temeljnih načela funkcioniranja institucija na europskoj razini te potiče zemlje članice i kandidatkinje na usvajanje i ostvarivanje otvorenosti u upravnoj praksi, uglavnom putem mehanizama mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj su procesi europeizacije započeli početkom 2000-ih, a u sklopu brojnih prilagodbi javne uprave, došlo je do napretka u ostvarivanju transparentnosti i otvorenosti javne uprave, posebno u završnim fazama procesa pristupanja u članstvo Europske unije. Pitanje otvorenosti javne uprave prepoznato je kao važan preventivni mehanizam unutar antikorupcijske politike, zbog čega je postalo dijelom europske politike kondicionalnosti. Premda su mehanizmi za ostvarivanje otvorenosti brojni, jedan od najčešćih su javne konzultacije ili savjetovanje sa zainteresiranom javnošću. Provođenje javnih konzultacija predmet je regulacije na europskoj razini. Praksa Europskog suda, preporuke Europske komisije i naglašavanje suradnje i razmjene dobre prakse, bez nametanja konkretnih obvezujućih pravila, upućuje na područje tzv. horizontalne europeizacije i dominaciju mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj je provođenje savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću regulirano prvenstveno Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama (NN 85/15) te drugim zakonima i propisima. U normativnom pogledu, napredak je ostvaren 2009. donošenjem Kodeksa savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u postupcima donošenja zakona, drugih propisa i akata. U pogledu implementacije, međutim, napretka nije bilo sve do izmjena Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama 2013. i ustanovljavanja institucionalnog mehanizma za provođenje zakonskih odredbi. Usprkos tome, provedbu savjetovanja obilježavaju brojne manjkavosti, posebice na lokalnoj i regionalnoj razini, te u slučaju širokog spektra zakonom definiranih tijela javne vlasti. ; Public administration openness is one of the basic principles of the European administrative space, including public administration visibility and accessibility to citizens, as well as possibility of citizens' involvement in decision making, formulation of policies and regulations. The European Union recognizes openness as a fundamental principle for the functioning of institutions at the European level, but also encourages member and candidate states to adopt and achieve openness in the practice of national administrative organizations, mainly through soft law mechanisms. Since the 2000's, the process of Europeanization has led to numerous adjustments of the Croatian public administration, including the implementation of the principle of transparency and openness, especially during the final stages of the accession process. The issue of public administration openness has been recognized as an important preventive mechanism within the anticorruption policy and has consequently become a part of the European policy of conditionality. Although the instruments for achieving openness are numerous, one of the most common are public consultations or consultations with interested public. Public consultations are regulated at the European level. The practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Commission recommendations and promotion of cooperation and good practice exchange, without concrete binding rules, indicate that it is an area dominated by the so-called horizontal Europeanization and soft law. In Croatia, public consultations are primarily regulated by the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, but also by other laws and bylaws. Normative progress has been achieved in 2009 by issuing The Code of practice on consultation with the interested public in procedures of adopting laws, other regulations and acts. With respect to implementation, improvement has not been achieved before 2013 with amendments to the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, which introduced adequate institutional mechanism for the implementation process. However, the implementation of public consultations is still defective, particularly at the local and regional level, and in the case of the broad legal category of public authorities.

U ovom se radu istražuje mogu li "građanske tehnologije" (tehnologije koje potiču aktivno građanstvo) na efikasan način razvijati političku učinkovitost građana i mijenjati njihovu percepciju odgovornosti vlade. Anketirani su korisnici "građanskih tehnologija" na mrežnim stranicama iz SAD-a, UK-a, Kenije i Južnoafričke Republike. Temeljno je pitanje bilo jesu li određene građanske akcije nadzora, koje je moguće provesti putem tih mrežnih stranica, utjecale na promjenu mišljenja građana o tome reagiraju li vlade na građanski nadzor. Rezultati ukazuju na poboljšanu građansku učinkovitost, kao i na povećanu percepciju odgovornosti vlade. Između korisnika "građanskih tehnologija" koji dolaze iz proučavanih zemalja uočene su značajne demografske razlike koje su povezane sa širokim spektrom načina na koje građani koriste informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Ipak, svima im je zajedničko povjerenje u učinkovitost tih tehnologija. Rezultati upućuju na to da objavljivanje i građanski nadzor vladinih informacija putem "građanskih tehnologija" povećavaju osjećaj vanjske učinkovitosti i percepciju odgovornosti vlade, kako u razvijenim zemljama tako i u zemljama u razvoju. ; This article examines whether civic technologies deliver an effective technique for developing the political efficacy of citizens and altering their perceived accountability of governments. Employing a survey-based methodology, a quantitative analysis was performed on the users of civic technology sites in the USA, UK, Kenya and South Africa. The primary question posed is whether the specific citizen monitoring actions facilitated by these sites cause a related effect in altering the extent to which citizens believe that governments are responsive to citizen-audit. The results indicate an enhancement in citizen efficacy and perceptions of government accountability. Notable differences detected in the user demographics between the countries studied demonstrate a wide spectrum of citizen usage; however, with common confidence displayed by respondents in the efficacy of the ICT. The findings indicate that the publication and citizen-audit of government information through civic technologies in developed and developing countries increases feelings of external efficacy and perceived government accountability.

U radu se objašnjava značaj povjerenja i razmatra značaj izgradnje povjerenja kao uvjeta stabilnosti europskog jugoistoka. Izdvojen je pojam povjerenja, a za teorijsku metodu koristila se Fukuyamina metoda povjerenja. Naglasak je stavljen na potrebu izgradnje demokratske kulture. U zatvorenom društvu ne može se biti spontan, kao što se ne može otvoriti a da se nema povjerenje u najbližoj životnoj i radnoj okolini. Jedan od zaključaka je da se termini otvorenost, spontanost i povjerenje ne mogu suprotstavljati. Oni su komplementarni i značajni za održavanje prijateljstva, sloge i sklada ; This paper explains the importance of trust and discusses the importance of building trust as the stability conditions in Southeast Europe. Set aside the notion of trust, and the theoretical methods used to Fukuyama's method of confidence. Emphasisis placed on the need to build a democratic culture.In a closed society can not be spontaneous, as it can not be opened and that there is no confidence in the nearest environmental and working conditions. One conclusion is that the terms openness, spontaneity and confidence can not resist. They are complementary and important for the maintenance of friendship, unity and harmony.

Ovaj članak se bavi prikazom procesa decentralizacije u Srbiji od 2000. do 2011. godine imajući u vidu da bi ovaj proces ujedno morao biti i proces podizanja kapaciteta lokalnih vlasti. U radu se prati transformacija svakog od bitnih činilaca autonomije lokalne vlasti i njenih menadžerijalnih potencijala: ustavni i zakonski status, izbori i model organizacije vlasti, nadležnosti, finansiranje, pružanje usluga, participacija građana, te odnos države i lokalne samouprave. Ovaj kompleksan proces zahteva vreme, podizanje znanja i veština svih nivoa vlasti (posebno lokalne), posvećenost političke elite demokratskim vrednostima i tesno je vezan sa podizanjem stepena demokratske političke kulture. ; This paper provides a review of the process of decentralisation in Serbia from 2000 to 2011, bearing in mind that this process should at the same time be a process of enhancing the local government capacity. The paper traces the transformation of each of the essential factors of the autonomy of local government and its managerial potentials: its constitutional and legal status, elections and the model of the organisation of government, competences, funding, provision of services, citizen participation, and the relationship between the state and local self-government. This complex process is time-consuming, requires upgrading knowledge and skills at all levels of government (local government in particular), a commitment of the political elite to democratic values, and is closely tied to increasing the level of democratic political culture.

Information technologies, free flow of information, free media & the right to communication are the pillars communicative sovereignty springs up from, relying upon them, too. This was a 20th century creation but it has been globally & more fully realised in the 21st century. Civilisational openness & acceptance ability are the key categories for prosperity of communicative sovereignty. References. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyses the impact of exercising the right to access to information & respecting of transparency for the prevention of corruption in the EU institutions. These two issues are the key principles of good governance & basic prerequisites for democratic participation, allowing citizens to effectively protect their fundamental rights & liberties through public scrutiny. The EU standards are assessed by comparison with the internationally recognized standards, & five indicators have been used: the scope of the right to access, the scope of exceptions, the administrative & appeal procedure, the protection of whistleblowers, administration performance openness & political will. The author wonders if the adopted regulations & rules of procedure are strict enough to prevent emergence of corruption & maladministration in the EU institutions. References. Adapted from the source document.

The author explores the external liquidity & solvency of Serbia in the 2002-2005 period. He analyses four main groups of indicators concerning the external liquidity & solvency of Serbia: (1) indicators of external liquidity, (2) indicators of external solvency, (3) indicators of exposure the financial risks, & (4) the economy openness degree, which consist of ten most important indicators in international statistics. Comparing them with the indicators for the selected group of nine countries from the broader neighborhood the author gives an insight into the relative external position & rank of Serbia, additionally explaining the factors of its external liquidity & solvency. The results of the comparative analysis do not correspond to the usual meaning of the weak Serbian external position, while the indicators of financial safety are surprising for many experts. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyzes recent Chinese foreign policy, which was influenced by two events: the Tienanmen incident & the fall of the Berlin wall. China began to open up in the early 1980s when it adopted the policy of reforms & openness. This kind of foreign policy went hand in hand with domestic economic reforms. The Tienanmen military crackdown on the democratic movement affected the domestic reforms as well as the foreign policy orientation of China whose goal was to overcome its isolationist tendencies. The author looks into the position of the Chinese foreign policy regarding SFR Yugoslavia & its successor states. He also provides an analysis of the place & role of the Republic of Croatia in Chinese foreign policy. The author concludes that the conditions for expanding the cooperation between the Republic of Croatia & the People's Republic of China are quite auspicious. 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

Europski upravni prostor leži na dvjema skupinama ljudskih prava. Prva promoviraju demokratsku otvorenost i participaciju građana te jačaju ulaznu legitimnost javne uprave, dok se druga odnose na dobro javno upravljanje i jačaju izlaznu legitimnost uprave. Povelja o temeljnim pravima koja je sastavni dio Lisabonskog ugovora na snazi od 2009. daje nužnu pravnu osnovu obiju skupina ljudskih prava. Rad se bavi pitanjem uloge mjesne samouprave u jačanju EU-standarda otvorenosti, participacije i dobrog upravljanja. Obrađuju se dva istraživačka pitanja: a) koja je pravna, a koja stvarna uloga mjesne samouprave u Hrvatskoj, b) može li ona doprinijeti jačanju ulazne ili izlazne legitimnosti poretka. Analiziraju se opći akti izabranih gradova o mjesnoj samoupravi te sadržaj internetskih stranica mjesnih odbora svih hrvatskih gradova. Slijedeći kategorizaciju koju su postavili Hlepas i drugi (2018.), uz nadopunu u skladu s hrvatskim okolnostima, analiziraju se uloge hrvatske mjesne samouprave. Na osnovi nalaza i odabranih komparativnih iskustava interpretira se trenutačno stanje hrvatske mjesne samouprave te se formuliraju preporuke za unaprjeđenje. ; The European administrative space is based on two groups of human rights. The first promotes democratic openness and citizen participation, and strengthens the input legitimacy of public administration, while the other relates to good public governance and strengthens the output legitimacy of public administration. The Charter of Fundamental Rights, which forms an integral part of the Lisbon Treaty in force since 2009, provides the necessary legal basis for both groups of human rights. The paper deals with the question of the role of sub-municipal government in strengthening the EU's standards of openness, participation and good governance. Two research questions are analyzed: a) what is the legal and actual role of sub-municipal government in Croatia; and b) can it contribute to strengthening the input or output legitimacy of public administration? The general acts of sub-municipal government in selected cities and the contents of the websites of the sub-municipal governments of all Croatian cities are analyzed. Following the categorization by Hlepas et al. (2018), adapted to the Croatian circumstances, the role of the Croatian sub-municipal government is analyzed. Based on the findings and selected comparative insights, the current state of Croatian sub-municipal government is interpreted and recommendations for improvement are formulated.

The author thinks that liberalism, as a political doctrine, is eminently contradictory, the contradiction being embodied in its two variants. The perfectionist doctrines by William Galston & Joseph Raz advocate liberal forms of good life (autonomy, tolerance, openness to the world), while the antiperfectionist doctrine of John Rawls limits itself to defining the procedural foundations of justice. Raz's & Galston's liberal perfectionism is in danger, in the name of liberal values & virtues, of violating the principle of neutrality of political authority in relation to individual choice of values, while Rawls's concept of procedural justice cannot steer clear of the danger that the total permissiveness regarding individual value options eventually undermines the foundations of liberal society. The author concludes that the balance between perfectionism & anti perfectionism is essential for the defense of liberalism. Such argumentational strategy has to take into consideration the liberal notion of justice, the necessity of a liberating democratic politics, & the concept of a citizen as a subject who, by practicing active tolerance, accepts the responsibility for the community. Adapted from the source document.

The author thinks that liberalism, as a political doctrine, is eminently contradictory, the contradiction being embodied in its two variants. The perfectionist doctrines by William Galston & Joseph Raz advocate liberal forms of good life (autonomy, tolerance, openness to the world), while the antiperfectionist doctrine of John Rawls limits itself to defining the procedural foundations of justice. Raz's & Galston's liberal perfectionism is in danger, in the name of liberal values & virtues, of violating the principle of neutrality of political authority in relation to individual choice of values, while Rawls's concept of procedural justice cannot steer clear of the danger that the total permissiveness regarding individual value options eventually undermines the foundations of liberal society. The author concludes that the balance between perfectionism & anti perfectionism is essential for the defense of liberalism. Such argumentational strategy has to take into consideration the liberal notion of justice, the necessity of a liberating democratic politics, & the concept of a citizen as a subject who, by practicing active tolerance, accepts the responsibility for the community. Adapted from the source document.

Osnovna nakana ovoga rada jest pokazati neke od magistralnih puteva kroz koje prolazi sustav lokalne samouprave u Republici Hrvatskoj. Proces europeizacije, naime, sve više zahvaća i oblikuje hrvatsku lokalnu samoupravu, uključujući implementaciju novih standarda rada kao što su procesi decentralizacije i dekoncentracije, privatizacije, liberalizacije, deregulacije, javnosti, transparentnosti i otvorenosti, te specijalizacije, informatizacije i digitalizacije itd. To su temeljne vrijednosti upravnih doktrina poput novog javnog menadžmenta, "dobre vladavine" i drugih. U kontekstu ove teme posebnu pozornost stavili smo na neke aspekte organizacijske strukture Splitsko-dalmatinske županije apostrofirajući pritom posebice podatke o kvalifikacijskoj, spolnoj i dobnoj strukturi zaposlenih u upravnim tijelima županije i neke pokazatelje o financijsko-proračunskom kapacitetu općina, gradova i same županije. ; The key aim of this paper is to demonstrate a few main pathsthrough which goes the system of local self-goverment in Croatia. Europeanization process more and more encompasses and shapes croatian local self goverment including implementation of new standards of work such as democratization and dispersion processes, public participation, transparency , openness and also specialities, informatization and digitalization. These are the fundamental values of admininistrative doctrines like new public managment, "good governance" ect. In the context of this subject of matter, we have put a special emphasis on some aspects of organizational structure of Split-Dalmatia County, underlining data about qualifications, age of employees in administrative structures of County and some data about financial-budget capacity of communities, towns and County.

Neprofitne organizacije ne osnivaju se sa svrhom stjecanja dobiti. Neprofitne organizacije najviše svojih prihoda ostvaruju putem donacija iz državnog proračuna, proračuna jedinica lokalne i regionalne samouprave, te donacija i članarina. Ključni aspekti neprofitnih organizacija su odgovornost, pouzdanost, iskrenost i otvorenost prema svakoj osobi koja je uložila vrijeme, novac i vjeru u organizaciju. Kako bi neprofitne organizacije pokazale da su odgovorne, pouzdane i transparentne u svom poslovanju nužno je da imaju fer prezentirane financijske izvještaje koji su osnova za provedbu kvalitetne analize. Analizom financijskih izvještaja neprofitnih organizacija omogućava se cjelokupna procjena poslovanja, načina financiranja i trošenja sredstava. Analiza financijskih izvještaja neprofitnih organizacija uključuje analizu koja je specifična za njihovo poslovanje, a ne stavljanja naglaska na profitabilnost kao kod profitnih organizacija. ; Non-profit organization is not established for the purpose of gaining profit. Non-profit organizations make the most of their incomes through donations from the state budget, local and regional self-government units, and donations and membership fees. The key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworthiness, honesty, and openness to every person who has invested time, money, and faith into the organization. If non-profit organizations want to demonstrate that they are responsible, reliable and transparent in their operations, it is essential that they have fair financial statements that are the basis for conducting quality analysis. Analyzing the financial statements of nonprofits allows for an overall assessment of the business, how it is financed, and the use of funds. Analysis of the financial statements of nonprofit organizations involves analysis that is specific to their business, not emphasizing profitability as with for-profit organizations.

Neprofitne organizacije ne osnivaju se sa svrhom stjecanja dobiti. Neprofitne organizacije najviše svojih prihoda ostvaruju putem donacija iz državnog proračuna, proračuna jedinica lokalne i regionalne samouprave, te donacija i članarina. Ključni aspekti neprofitnih organizacija su odgovornost, pouzdanost, iskrenost i otvorenost prema svakoj osobi koja je uložila vrijeme, novac i vjeru u organizaciju. Kako bi neprofitne organizacije pokazale da su odgovorne, pouzdane i transparentne u svom poslovanju nužno je da imaju fer prezentirane financijske izvještaje koji su osnova za provedbu kvalitetne analize. Analizom financijskih izvještaja neprofitnih organizacija omogućava se cjelokupna procjena poslovanja, načina financiranja i trošenja sredstava. Analiza financijskih izvještaja neprofitnih organizacija uključuje analizu koja je specifična za njihovo poslovanje, a ne stavljanja naglaska na profitabilnost kao kod profitnih organizacija. ; Non-profit organization is not established for the purpose of gaining profit. Non-profit organizations make the most of their incomes through donations from the state budget, local and regional self-government units, and donations and membership fees. The key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworthiness, honesty, and openness to every person who has invested time, money, and faith into the organization. If non-profit organizations want to demonstrate that they are responsible, reliable and transparent in their operations, it is essential that they have fair financial statements that are the basis for conducting quality analysis. Analyzing the financial statements of nonprofits allows for an overall assessment of the business, how it is financed, and the use of funds. Analysis of the financial statements of nonprofit organizations involves analysis that is specific to their business, not emphasizing profitability as with for-profit organizations.

Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj utvrditi empirijsku procjenu odnosa između čimbenika održivosti fiskalne politike, poput fiskalnog deficita i gospodarskog rasta u zemljama zapadnog Balkana i zemljama Istočne Europske unije koristeći panel baze podataka za godišnji vremenski raspon od 2000. do 2021. godine. Empirijski model istražuje utjecaj fiskalnog deficita, uz ostale kontrolne varijable poput inflacije, školovanja, ukupnih ulaganja, otvorenosti trgovine i proizvodnog jaza na gospodarski rast u odabranoj skupini zemalja. Za potrebe istraživanja koristili smo statičku i dinamičku panel procjenu tehnike poput fiksnih učinaka s Driscol i Kraay standardnim greškama i sustav GMM. Nalazi potvrđuju da je fiskalni deficit značajno utjecao na razinu rasta u obje skupine zemalja. Osim toga, kada se fiskalne varijable dovedu u interakciju s COVID-19 dummy varijablama, fiskalni deficit rezultira značajnim i pozitivnim učinkom na gospodarski rast. Međutim, kada je fiskalni deficit u interakciji s razdobljem dužničke krize u Euro-zoni, on postaje čimbenik koji pogoršava rast. Ostale kontrolne varijable poput inflacije, otvorenosti trgovine, ukupnih ulaganja i proizvodnog jaza smatraju se važnim čimbenicima u objašnjavanju uspješnost rasta zemalja srednje i istočne Europe i zapadnog Balkana. ; This research aims to provide an empirical assessment of the relationship between fiscal policy sustainability factors, like fiscal deficit and economic growth in the Western Balkan countries and East European Union Countries, using panel-level data for the yearly time span from 2000-2021. The empirical model provides the impact of fiscal deficit, alongside other control variables like inflation, schooling, total investments, trade openness, and output gap on economic growth in the selected group of countries. For the purpose of research, we employed Static and dynamic panel estimation techniques like Fixed Effects with Driscol and Kraay standard errors and system GMM. The findings confirm that fiscal deficit has significantly affected ...