Suchergebnisse

The Openness Position Paper published by the Arqus European University Alliance emphasises that Arqus institutions, in line with the policies, roadmaps and strategies of the EU and a wide range of stakeholders, are striving jointly to make further progress towards realising Open Science. The Position Paper identifies and acknowledges aims and values of Open Science and relates them to values, principles, and standards shared by the Arqus Alliance, followed by a vision for a future with Open Science. In the interest of a nuanced picture, the Position Paper discusses not only desired effects, but also possible areas of tension related to Open Science. It presents a wide range of specific aims and recommendations for each of the eleven elements of Open Science defined by the Arqus Openness Task Force: Governance Publications (including Open Access) Data (including research data management, FAIR and Open Data) Infrastructures (including support staff, Open Science software and tools, repositories, Open Labs) Methods (including source code, preregistration, materials, workflows, protocols, lab notes) Awareness and training (including education of early-stage researchers) Evaluation (including Open Metrics, research assessment, Open Peer Review, rewards and incentives) Communication (including multilingualism) Citizen Science Open Education Open Innovation The Position Paper concludes with an annex that highlights the progress already made in the implementation and support of Open Science practices at Arqus institutions. ; Cofunded by the Erasmus+Programme of the European Union

This paper tried to investigate the impact of openness to trade on the economic growth of Iraq. To do that, we used annual time-series data from the period of 1980 to 2014 and the economic growth variable was regressed on the openness variable with a set of control variables; government expenditure, industry investments value, oil utilization value per capita, capital inflow and an interaction variable of capital inflow with structural dummy of 2003 and dummies for the effect of 1991 gulf war, 2003 US invasion to Iraq and 2003 transition to democratic government after overthrown of Saddam"s reign as well. We also employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method for the estimation. The result of this research showed a support to the growing number of empirical researches for different economies, which confirmed the positive and significant relationship between economic growth and openness to trade. Another major finding is that the 1991 Kuwait War and the invasion of Iraq by the US in 2003 have largely and negatively affected the Iraqi economic growth. Moreover, the structural changes after Saddam"s reign as from 2003 have a positive impact on the economic grow path of Iraq. The study also finds that foreign capital investment imposes a positive impact on the economy after the infrastructural changes made as from 2003. Keywords: openness and growth of Iraq, Iraq"s economy growth. ; ÖZ : Bu tez Irak"ın ekonomisinin büyümesindeki ticari açılımındaki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlar. Bunun için 1980-2014 dönemine ait yıllık zaman-serisi verilerini ve kontrol verileri ekonominin gelişimdeki düşüşü baz alınmıştır. Kontrol verileri; hükümet harcamaları, sanayi yatırım değerleri, kapitaya göre yağ kullanımı, anapara akımı ve 2003 yılının anapara akımının entekrasyonu ile 1991 yılında meydana gelen Körfez Savaşı"nın etkileri vede 2003 Amerika"nın Irak işgali ve Saddam döneminden sonra demokrasi hükümetine geçiş olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda araştırma için OLS yöntemi olan Sıradan Az Kare (SAK) baz alınmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonucu gösterdi ki büyümekte olan farklı ekonomiler emperikal araştırma desteğini almaktadırlar; buda ekonominin büyümesinde ve ticaretin açılımında olumlu ve önemli ilişki göstermektedir. Diğer bir başka bulgu ise 1991 yılındaki Kuveyt Savaşı ve 2003 yılındaki Amerika"nın Irak"ı işgal etmesi Irak ekonomisinin büyümesinde olumsuz etki yaratmıştır. Bunun yanısıra Saddam dönemi sonundaki yönetsel değişiklikler 2003 yılından itibaren Irak ekonomisinin büyümesine yol açmıştır. Bu araştırma sonucu aynı zamanda gösterir ki 2003 yılından sonra yapılan altyapı degişiklikleri ile yabancı anapara yatırımı ekonominin gelişiminde olumlu etki göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Irak"taki açılım ve büyüme, Irak ekonomisinin büyümesi ; Master of Science in Economics. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Economics, 2016. Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gülcay Tuna Payaslıoğlu, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Sevin Uğural.

Popper's view of the enemies of the open society is held to rest upon psycholo gism, a view of the very great dangers of misguided intellectuals, and a cyclical view of historical process. While there is something to these claims, they are treated here skeptically. But the purpose of the article is less to attack than to reconstruct. To that end, key elements of a sociology appropriate to an open society are offered.

We study a model where economic growth is fueled by public basic-research investment and the importation of leading technology from foreign countries. In each period, the government chooses the amount of basic research, balancing the cost and benefits of stimulating growth through both channels. We establish the existence of steady states and the long-run share of technologically advanced sectors in the economy. Then, we explore how different degrees of openness affect long-term incentives to invest in basic research. Our main insight is that higher openness tends to encourage more investment in basic research which, in turn, yields a larger share of leading sectors. If, however, there are prospects of importing large technology advancements, highly open countries will reduce basic research as such imports become particularly valuable.