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Two factors in the graphic structure of flowcharts used for a problem-solving task were evaluated, The two factors were the directional orientation of the flowchart and the number of alternatives leading from decision boxes. A third factor evaluated was problem complexity. Eight groups of subjects used variations of binary and multiple-alternative flowcharts or prose written in paragraphs to solve problems. Performance measures were the number of incorrect solutions to problems, the time taken to view the formats, and the time taken to solve problems. Performance was best when the directional orientation of the flowchart was consistent with reading patterns (from left to right and from top to bottom). The number of alternatives leading from decision boxes had no effect on performance.

Reality therapy is a cognitive behavioral approach but has not been developed for, nor associated with, career counseling. This article discusses the role of reality therapy in career counseling, with the aid of a flowchart model to present the particulars of the system.

A few recent studies of open-book comprehension for printed instructions lead to the rule of thumb that such instructions will be understood correctly about two-thirds of the time. In the experiment reported here, two different flowchart formats were compared with standard paragraph instructions and were found to be superior in comprehension accuracy and speed. The two-thirds rule and the flowchart effect were both sustained in comprehension testing in a subsequent field trial.

A flowchart or Process Flow is a powerful business tool. With proper design and construction, it communicates the steps in a process very effectively and efficiently. There are a variety of ways to make a flowchart. Initially, flowcharts were made by hand using a pencil and paper. Until the advent of a personal computer, drawing models made of plastic flowchart form outlines helped flowchart designers work faster and gave their diagrams a more detailed look. Flowcharts were initially used by industrial engineers to organize work processes such as assembly line output. Today, flowcharts are used for several purposes in manufacturing, architecture, engineering, industry, technology, education, research, medicine, government, administration, and many other fields. In this article, we will be looking at different types of Flowchart & their usages

AbstractThe data presented in the table and flowcharts presented in this chapter convey the same information, but the flowchart more effectively guides the reader through the various relationships those data describe.