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Maya religion : as one of the pagan religions -- Problems of Maya sources -- Maya religions, dualism, and the universe : their differences from Christianity -- Religion as a part of the universe : the case study of the 'religious fusion' between the Yucatec Maya religion and Christianity -- Christian discovery of pagan religions -- The birth ofChristianity and its difference from the pagan religions -- The Spanish spiritual conquest of the new world -- Spanish version of Christianity in the new worlds -- Christianity from a world perspective of -- The confrontation between dualism and monism : process of its localization -- Nahuatl discovery of Christianity -- Inca discovery of Christianity -- In defence of Christianity : chinese discovery of Christianity -- Japanese discovery of Christianity and the development of "Christianity made in Japan" : the Christian Lord as a vassal of the living God = The Japanese emperor, 1873-1945 -- Maya perspective of Christianity I : the Popol Vvuh -- It's authenticity -- Conceptual difference among translations of the Popol Vuh

Cover Liebessemantik und Sozialstruktur -- Danksagung -- Vorwort -- Inhalt -- Redaktionelle Hinweise -- 1. Eine theoretische Einführung: Semantik, Medien und Sozialstruktur -- Sinnverarbeitung und soziokulturelle Evolution -- Typen der Gesellschaftsdifferenzierung -- Semantische Evolution -- Medien -- Evolution der Liebessemantik und Gesellschaftsdifferenzierung -- Exkurs: Entstehung der Gattung des Romans und Wandel der Individualitätsformel in der deutschen Literaturgeschichte -- 2. Sozialstruktur und Medien im frühneuzeitlichen Japan -- Sozioökonomischer Hintergrund -- Etablierung des Büchermarkts und Durchsetzung der Druckmedien als Erfolgsmedien -- Das Vergnügungsviertel als Ort der kulturellen Vergesellschaftung und der sozialen Reflexion -- 3. Liebessemantik in der Genroku-Epoche -- Die iki-Interaktionssemantik -- I. Was ist iki? -- II. Der Code iki/yabo und Differenzierungsformen in der E d o- Zeit -- III. Drei Momente von iki -- IV. Iki und honnêteté im Vergleich -- Verortung der Liebe und amour passion in der Genroku-Literatur -- Yonosuke, dreitausendfache Liebhaber: ein Überblick -- Fünf Geschichten von liebenden Frauen -- Chikamatsu Monzaemon und seine Dramen: der Doppelselbstmord der Liebenden -- Bemerkungen zur Liebessemantik in der Genroku-Literatur -- Schlussbemerkung zu Kapitel 3 -- 4. Liebessemantik in der Kasei-Epoche -- Leitdifferenzen -- Handlungmuster und semantische Struktur eines ninjôbon-Romans -- Evolution der Liebessemantik in der Kasei-Epoche -- Quantitative Analyse der ninjôbon-Literatur -- Schlussbemerkung zu Kapitel 4: Medien, Semantik und soziale Praxis -- 5. Der Wandel der Liebessemantik seit der Meiji-Restauration -- Meiji-Restauration und Gesellschaftsumbruch

In 1942, proletarian writer, Takeda Rintarō, was sent from Japan to the Dutch East-Indies (Indonesia) as part of the Sendenbu (propaganda squad), where he led the literature section in the Keimin Bunka Shidōshō (cultural center) in Jakarta. Jawa sarasa documents Takeda Rintaro's activities and cultural experiences in Java, Indonesia, after he returned to Japan in 1944. Most Japanese literature and cultural writings about Nanyō or Nanpō ("South Islands" - South Asia and the Pacific, including Indonesia) from this era reference the concept of Imperialism in Asia. In the pre-war period, stereotypes such as dojin (local primitive) and tōmin (islander) defined South Island people as being lesser than or "other" than the Japanese people. Japanese literary depictions of tropical Eden's and exotic "uncivilized people" reflect similar perceptions and writings by Western authors towards Asia in the 19th century. This paper explores Takeda Rintarō's perspectives of "otherness" in prewar discourses about Indonesia. Through the influence of "The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" propaganda concept, the ideology of "sameness" was becoming a hegemonic cultural idea in Takeda's writings about Indonesia. Conversely, however, Takeda's depiction of the double-occupation of Java, with the political rule of Holland and economic domination of daily life by Chinese immigrants, implied criticism of Japan's administrative policies regarding economic exploitation in Java. Takeda's criticisms of Japanese policy are bedded in his emotion for the nature, culture and people of Indonesia.

Shinyo, T.: Strengthening and expanding the UN Conventional Arms Register. - S.17-23. Regehr, E.: The UN Register and evolving measures for military export transparency in Canada. - S.24-35. Mahon, T.: A Gordian knot. - S.36-43. Slavkin, V. A.: Current situation and problems of Russian defense industries measures to stimulate defense conversion. - S.44-46. Taylor, T.: Arms export controls: the suppliers' perspective. - S.47-59. Singh, J.: Evolving approaches to control the spread of small, light and other similar weapons. - S.60-70. Anthony, I.: Evolving approaches to control the spread of small, light and other similar weapons. - S.71-85

The United States suffers political and social polarization at its worst since the Civil War. Is Trump the "result" or the "cause" that accelerated this malaise? As a former Washington correspondent who covered the Trump administration last four years, I tried exploring answers for this American self-questioning. Trump-style governance, so-called Trumpism, has been characterized with its unique communication style to inspire anti-elite ressentiment among American public especially for white male middle-class who feel themselves less and less belongings to mainstream in their country. This communication sometimes takes the form of "dog whistle" aiming at Trump's core supporters or at other times takes the form of sense of complicity sharing misinformation intentionally. The anti-elite undercurrent and the partisan confrontation which accelerates political polarization have been fostered in the US even since before the rise of Trump. In this respect the Trumpism can be called the "result". On the other hand, it is also pointed out that Trump would be the "cause" which overturned the hierarchical order of policymakers, bureaucrats, experts and major media institutions playing himself destroying the existing order. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic played a major role in amplifying its effects. This reminds us of importance of further exploration to find out how infectious disease has caused significant impact on the state of democracy.

Reaffirming the importance of the U.S.-Japan relationship -- Contributing to world peace and global prosperity -- Definitive implementation of the U.S.-Japan security treaty -- Integrating hard power and soft power -- The political necessity for cooperation -- Review of bilateral cooperation on global issues -- The global partnership under the George H.W. Bush administration (1989-1993) -- The common agenda under the Clinton administration (1993-2001) -- Alliance cooperation under the George W. Bush administration (2001 -- present) -- A new framework for enhanced global security -- Promoting regional economic integration: an Asia-Pacific union -- U.S.-Japan free trade agreement -- Main areas for cooperation -- Environment and energy -- Climate change -- Energy-saving societies -- Development and Africa -- Nuclear nonproliferation -- Other possible areas for cooperation.

English translation of the marginalia, or marginal notes, that were added to the text of the Deshima Diaries from the 1670's onwards in order to provide the Dutch chief of Deshima with a quick reference to the notes of his predecessors. This volume covers the marginalia from the 1700-1740 diaries. Providing the general public, and especially those who have neither a command of Dutch nor of Japanese, access to a fascinating period of Japanese history in which the Dutch played such a singular role. At the same time, the serious scholar wil obtain an easy key to the extremely rich holdings of the archive of the Deshima trading factory, which covers a shelf length of more than forty meters in the National Archives in the Netherlands, but which has been only rarely utilized by historians, Japanologists or other scholars. The Deshima archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) were used originally as a corpus of knowledge and experience amassed over the years by generations of Company personnel. It was a source which was consulted by opperhoofden whenever they were in doubt about the right answer to exasperating questions or challenges posed by Japanese society in the form of shogunal decrees, orders by the governors of Nagasaki, and the stubborn demeanor by blackmailing and manipulative officials. Life at Deshima was so regulated and controlled both by workings of the Japanese bureaucracy and by the rhythms of the East India Company's seasonal trade with Japan, that keeping a dagregister or diary in which all the remarkable occurances were noted, assumed crucial importance. This in contrast to other VOC factories where the keeping of a diary, though obligatory, was often neglected. In the isolation of Deshima almost everything seen or heard was 'notable'. Skipping through the text one is also inevitably touched by the suffering inflicted on Japanese society by perennial scourges such as earthquakes, epidemics, 'that one general disease called poverty' and the fires which periodically destroyed large portions of the great cities. The present volume is a thoroughly revised edition, especially with regard to the Japanese personal and topographical names occurring in the text, of volumes III-IV of the Leiden edition. Scientific Publications of the Japan-Netherlands Institute No. 12. Published by the Japan-Netherlands Institute, Tokyo 1992 (original ISBN 4930921015)

The conflict environment is changing, and—after almost two decades of continuous COIN, stabilisation and counterterrorism missions—government and public opinion in western and allied countries are unlikely to support continued large-scale or long-duration missions of this type. Yet history demonstrates that such missions are, and are likely to remain, some of the most frequent and geographically widespread. Likewise, ground forces are critical for success in COIN and stabilisation missions, due to the need to interact closely with local government and populations, which implies the need to establish and maintain a physical presence in the area of operations, which in turn implies the need to survive and prevail in a close combat environment, which only ground forces can do. Thus, despite their unpopularity, ground forces can expect (and must be prepared) to continue engaging in these types of operations. However, the same factors that have enhanced the threat in recent decades—in particular, connectivity and the ability to conduct collaborative and remote engagement— also create opportunities for new operating methods for ground forces conducting COIN and stabilisation. These include the ability to deploy only a small element forward on the ground, conducting SFA and FID tasks, while supporting it with a QRF and other enablers that remain offshore in a sea-base or in regionally-deployed FOBs. In such a scenario the main force might be withheld from the theatre of operations and either deploy for a brief initial period only, or not at all. For a force operating in this manner, protected mobility and communications would remain essential, as would the ability to access and deliver precision fire support when required. Deployed forces would probably be modular to a very low level, operating in a mesh of multi-role, semi-autonomous small teams supporting each other and swapping roles as needed. Traditional intelligence, engineering, civil affairs, psychological operations and military governance capabilities would remain essential, but might be called forward as needed. Ultimately, however, while ground forces will almost certainly continue to play a central role in counterinsurgency and stabilisation operations, the way they perform this role, the organisation and equipment with which they do so, and the environment in which they conduct such missions is likely to change, and keep changing, into the foreseeable future.