The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the main problems, concerning the realization of socially vulnerable groups' of the population potential. The problem of women and youth employment development takes on a special acuteness and actualite in the outlying district with a labour redundant labour market.
La investigación está relacionada con los determinantes sociales de la salud y los factores condicionantes de mayor impacto sobre el nivel poblacional, El objetivo fue describir los determinantes sociales de la salud, su relación con los diversos factores biológicos, ambientales, estilos de vida y el impacto que ejercen sobre las condiciones de vida y bienestar de los ciudadanos, que permitan incorporar líneas de acción orientadas a conservar la salud y los derechos ciudadanos. Se toma como población, habitantes de los barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Jipijapa, Ecuador incluidos niños, adultos, ancianos; investigación realizada mayo – octubre 2014. Estudio descriptivo observacional, utilización instrumento recolector cualitativo – cuantitativo: observación, encuestas. Resultados obtenidos estudio, análisis e interpretación, concluye con demostración de los principales factores determinantes biológicos, afecciones cardiovasculares, endocrinológicas probablemente por edad, alimentación, sedentarismo. Niños con afecciones gastrointestinales EDA, y broncopulmonares IRA. Factores ambientales: contaminación ambiental por quema de basura a cielo abierto, falta de agua potable y alcantarillado. Estilos de vida: alimentación basada en carbohidratos, alto consumo de alcohol, drogas, falta de actividad física. Asistencia sanitaria con beneficios de programas salud gubernamentales a niños, adultos, ancianos. Palabras clave: Factores biológicos, factores ambientales, estilos de vida, disparidad, inequidad, equidad sanitaria Social determinants of health in the suburbs of the city of Jipijapa, Ecuador Abstract The research is related to the social determinants of health and the determinants factors, with the greatest impact at the population level. The target is to describe the Health social determinants in relation with the different biological and environmental factors, lifestyle and the impact they have to the living conditions and welfare of citizens that could incorporate lines of action and maintain health and civil rights. Peripheral neighborhoods from Jipijapa city has been taken as the Population in Ecuador. The research includes children, adults and old men. It was done from May to October 2014. Observational descriptive study, using a tool for collecting qualitative and quantitative information: observation and survey. Results achieved analysis and interpretation study concludes with the demonstration of major determinants biological factors, cardiovascular, endocrine, probably by age, food, sedentary lifestyle. EDA children with gastrointestinal disorders, broncho pulmonary IRA. Environmental factors: environmental pollution, garbage threw on the streets, lack of potable water and sewerage. Lifestyles: food based on carbohydrates, high consumption of alcohol, drugs, lack of physical activity. Health assistance program benefits, government health of children, adults and seniors. Keywords: Biological factors, environmental factors, lifestyle, disparity, inequality, health equity
This article details the year 1989 in the East German District Perleberg up to the fall of the Wall as reflected in the documents of the Ministry for State Security – the Stasi. It seeks to introduce empirical evidence on the course of the revolution in the towns of East Germany, an area which has received much less scholarly attention than larger centres. The article argues that in this particular outlying district, the generally accepted key factors behind the revolution (regime implosion, the changing international situation and popular pressure) are valid, but would best be weighted away from the changing international situation to the advantage of the other two. Furthermore, the evidence from District Perleberg suggests that pervasive state control, rather than accommodation and limited spheres for manoeuvre, was the dominant feature in 1989 in East Germany
This article takes us to Nazaret, an outlying district on Valencia's waterfront which we consider from three complementary perspectives: the synchronic vision of its current socio-spatial structure, the diachronic and processual contextualization of the changes it has undergone in the last century, and the perceptions and images which characterize the neighbourhood, together with the features, activity and incidence of its associative fabric. The analysis focuses on the behaviour of a set of interconnected factors, including the impact of the port and urban development policy, its socioeconomic make-up, the consistency of its associative fabric and its relations with government. Whereas the first three have promoted the spread of social vulnerability and precariousness, propelling the neighbourhood towards marginalization and exclusion, the latter, led by the ongoing dynamism of its residents' association and its confrontation with the local council, is counteracting the negative effects on the neighbourhood, helping to stop a marginalized neighbourhood from becoming a marginal one. ; Este texto nos sitúa en Nazaret, un barrio periférico del water front de Valencia al que se observa desde tres perspectivas complementarias, representadas respectivamente por la mirada sincrónica de su actual estructura socioespacial; la contextualización diacrónica y procesual de los cambios que experimenta en el transcurso del último siglo; y el abordaje de las percepciones e imágenes que caracterizan al barrio así como los rasgos, actividad e incidencia de su tejido asociativo. El análisis focaliza el comportamiento de un conjunto de factores interconectados entre los que destacan los impactos del puerto y de las políticas urbanas, su composición socioeconómica, la consistencia de su tejido asociativo y la relación que mantiene con la administración. Mientras los tres primeros ítems favorecen la extensión de la precariedad y la vulnerabilidad social, impeliendo al barrio hacia la marginación y la exclusión, los segundos, encabezados por el prolongado dinamismo de su asociación de vecinos y el enfrentamiento que mantiene con el consistorio municipal, contrarrestan los efectos negativos de barrio, obstaculizando el tránsito de barrio marginado a barrio marginal.
This article takes us to Nazaret, an outlying district on Valencia's waterfront which we consider from three complementary perspectives: the synchronic vision of its current socio-spatial structure, the diachronic and processual contextualization of the changes it has undergone in the last century, and the perceptions and images which characterize the neighbourhood, together with the features, activity and incidence of its associative fabric. The analysis focuses on the behaviour of a set of interconnected factors, including the impact of the port and urban development policy, its socioeconomic make-up, the consistency of its associative fabric and its relations with government. Whereas the first three have promoted the spread of social vulnerability and precariousness, propelling the neighbourhood towards marginalization and exclusion, the latter, led by the ongoing dynamism of its residents' association and its confrontation with the local council, is counteracting the negative effects on the neighbourhood, helping to stop a marginalized neighbourhood from becoming a marginal one. ; Este texto nos sitúa en Nazaret, un barrio periférico del water front de Valencia al que se observa desde tres perspectivas complementarias, representadas respectivamente por la mirada sincrónica de su actual estructura socioespacial; la contextualización diacrónica y procesual de los cambios que experimenta en el transcurso del último siglo; y el abordaje de las percepciones e imágenes que caracterizan al barrio así como los rasgos, actividad e incidencia de su tejido asociativo. El análisis focaliza el comportamiento de un conjunto de factores interconectados entre los que destacan los impactos del puerto y de las políticas urbanas, su composición socioeconómica, la consistencia de su tejido asociativo y la relación que mantiene con la administración. Mientras los tres primeros ítems favorecen la extensión de la precariedad y la vulnerabilidad social, impeliendo al barrio hacia la marginación y la exclusión, los segundos, encabezados por el prolongado dinamismo de su asociación de vecinos y el enfrentamiento que mantiene con el consistorio municipal, contrarrestan los efectos negativos de barrio, obstaculizando el tránsito de barrio marginado a barrio marginal.
AbstractThe fertility–development relationship is bi-directional, context-specific, multi-phased and inconsistent over time. Indian districts provide an ideal setting to study this association due to their size, diversity and disparity in socioeconomic development. The objective of this study was to understand the association of fertility and socioeconomic development among the 640 districts of India. Data were drawn from multiple sources: Censuses of India 2001 and 2011; DLHS-2; NFHS-4; and other published sources. A district-level data file for Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and a set of developmental indices were prepared for the 640 districts for 2001 and 2016. Computation of a composite index (District Development Index, DDI), Ordinary Least Squares, Two Stage Least Squares and panel regressions were employed. By 2016, almost half of all Indian districts had attained below-replacement fertility, and 15% had a TFR of above 3.0. The DDI of India increased from 0.399 in 2001 to 0.511 by 2016 and showed large variations across districts. The correlation coefficient between TFR and DDI was –0.658 in 2001 and –0.640 in 2016. Districts with a DDI of between 0.3 and 0.6 in 2001 had experienced a fertility decline of more than 20%. The fertility–development relationship was found to be strongly negative, convex and consistent over time, but the level of association varied regionally. For any given level of DDI, fertility in 2016 was lower than in 2001; and the association was stronger in districts with a DDI below 0.45. The negative convex association between the two was prominent in the northern, central and eastern regions and the curves were flatter in the west, south and north-east. The increasing number of districts with low fertility and low development draws much attention. Some outlying districts in the north-eastern states had high TFR and high DDI (>0.6). Based on the findings, a multi-layered strategy in districts with low socioeconomic development is recommended. Additional investment in education, child health, employment generation and provisioning of contraceptives would improve the human development to achieve India's demographic goals.
Варшавская судебная палата с 1876 г. возглавляла Варшавский судебный округ. Власть придавала особую значимость ее деятельности в свете проведения политики самодержавия в области правосудия на этой важной территории страны. Палата являлась крупнейшей в империи, рассматривая большое число гражданских и уголовных дел в сложных условиях российской окраины. ; The Warsaw Trial Chamber headed the Warsaw judicial district since 1876 year. In connection with autocratical policy the government had a gust of The Warsaw Trial Chamber's activity. The Chamber was the largest in the Empire and considering a lot of civil and criminal cases in the difficult conditions of the Russian outlying districts.
В статье анализируется правительственная политика по вопросу заселения крестьянами восточных окраин Российской империи в середине XIX века. Рассматриваются противоречия при попытках решения данной проблемы путем организованного переселения государственных крестьян из Европейской России в Сибирь. Большое значение имело отсутствие достаточного количества финансовых средств. ; The article gives the analysis of the Government policy on the question of peasants' populating eastern outlying districts of the Russian Empire in the middle of the XIXth century. The contradictions at the attempt to solve this problem by organized resettlement of state peasants from the European part Russia to Siberia. The lack of sufficient financial assets at that time is marked.
Российская империя в XVIII — первой четверти XIX в. включила территории с многомиллионным населением, однако это обстоятельство не означало, что можно наращивать контингент рекрут для армии за счет жителей этих регионов. Препятствия распространению рекрутской повинности на национальные окраины состояли в социально-культурных различиях между ними и «внутренними областями», а также в том, что правительство не было уверено в лояльности новых подданных. ; Russian Empire in the 18th first half of 19th century included huge territories with population of many millions, however this fact did not imply contingent of recruitment increasing. The obstacles for recruitment at national outlying districts were their differences from "native provinces" and government's uncertainty in new subjects� loyalty.
Статья посвящена изучению механизма и специфики проведения региональных выборов депутатов в I Государственную Думу в Терской области начала ХХ века. Рассматривается ход избирательной кампании в Нальчикском округе Терской области во время выборов в I Государственную Думу. Выявлены особенности избирательной системы для Кавказа. Выборы в I Государственную Думу от национальных окраин рассматриваются как важнейший способ интеграции народов Терской области начала ХХ века в политико-правовое пространство России. ; The author studies the mechanism and specificity of holding the regional elections of deputies for the First State Duma in Terek region of the beginning of the ХХth century, describes the course of election campaign in Nal'chik district of Terek region during the elections for the First State Duma, reveals the features of electoral system for Caucasus, and considers the elections for the First State Duma from national outlying districts as the most important way to integrate Terek region peoples in the political-legal space of Russia in the beginning of the ХХth century.
The horizontal expansion of the Philippine cities such as Davao City has resulted in the neglect of the original business district. This expansion usually results in the proliferation of idle lands within the central business district (CBD) and overextension of public infrastructures and services in the outlying areas. Development controls like the idle land tax are listed as options of local government units but are underutilized. There is a need to assess its implication on the operations of the local government unit and the urban environment.
Раскрывается сущность акцизной политики в нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности Северного Азербайджана, выяснение степени воздействия последней на уровень экономического развития Азербайджана. В статье ставится задача показать общее и особенное в акцизной политике царизма в одной из окраин империи, изучить условия введения акциза в нефтяную промышленность Азербайджана, начиная от отмены откупной системы и до конца XIX века. ; The paper discloses the tsarisms excise politics in petroleum-refining industry of North Azerbaijan and the effect of the latter on the level of economic development of Azerbaijan. The issue, raised in the paper, is to show the general and the particular in tsarisms excise politics in one of the outlying districts of the empire, as well as to examine conditions of introducing excise into petroleum industry of Azerbaijan, beginning from abolishing a farming system to the end of the 19th century. Thus, the excise politics of tsarism resulted, on the one side, in extraction of great income but, on the other side, in development of economics in North Azerbaijan in the second half of the 19th century.
