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This book examines important issues on the relationship between economics and political values or ideologies, by analysing the main branches of economic theory in an historical perspective and their impact on economic policy.The book is structured as follows:Part I: Positive Economics?1. The Positive-Normative Distinction in the History of Economic ThoughtPart II: Policy Objectives2. The Objectives of Economic Policies: An Historical Review

Presenting the first comprehensive account of foreign policy objectives as a growing part of European constitutional law, this book examines the nature, functions, and potential of these objectives by approaching EU external relations law through both comparative constitutional analysis and international relations theory.

The public policy objectives in long-term care--quality, availability, and cost containment--are promoted by different groups with conflicting but legitimate interests. The problem faced by the policymaker is to balance the economic and political consequences for patients, providers, and public funding agencies, and he often does this by partial achievement or selective nonachievement of the policy goals. A multidimensional objective function is described that permits calculation of the optimum extent to which conflicting goals can be achieved. The model allows simulation of the effects, on several simultaneous measures, of an administered change in some or all of the measures. The example given illustrates the complexity of the policymaker's problem and suggests a rational approach to dealing with it.