Suchergebnisse

The methodological guidelines are written for political science undergraduate students who under the study program, being the third-fourth year students are required to have two internships - introductory and qualification internships. This book presents students some key stages of the internship in detail: the organization of internship, the conduct of internship, the preparation of reports. In addition to the requirements, instructions and tips, the book presents for the students some examples of the required documents.

The methodological guidelines are written for political science undergraduate students who under the study program, being the third-fourth year students are required to have two internships - introductory and qualification internships. This book presents students some key stages of the internship in detail: the organization of internship, the conduct of internship, the preparation of reports. In addition to the requirements, instructions and tips, the book presents for the students some examples of the required documents.

The methodological guidelines are written for political science undergraduate students who under the study program, being the third-fourth year students are required to have two internships - introductory and qualification internships. This book presents students some key stages of the internship in detail: the organization of internship, the conduct of internship, the preparation of reports. In addition to the requirements, instructions and tips, the book presents for the students some examples of the required documents.

The goal of this article is to analyse the peculiarities of the application of comparative method in political science. The analysis focuses on the historical development of comparative research and major factors that have influenced this development, mainly, historical events, development of research techniques and advancement of the data storage and processing. The analysis covers investigation of various models of comparative research classification as well as the problems of sampling. The comparative method is frequently used in political and social research as it broadens the perspective and could improve understanding of social phenomena. Many methodological problems encountered by scientists earlier on still remain unsolved, while some new challenges have been encountered such as ethnocentrism, sampling issues and cultural biases. The major goal of this article is to promote the scientific discussions on the application of comparative method in the political science in Lithuanian language. ; Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami lyginamojo metodo panaudojimo politikos moksle savitumai. Trumpai apžvelgus lyginamųjų tyrimų vystymosi istoriją, analizuojami veiksniai, kurie turėjo įtakos tyrimų poreikiui ir plėtrai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas lyginamųjų tyrimų klasifi kacijos analizei. Straipsnyje analizuojami keli lyginamųjų tyrimų klasifi kacijos modeliai, sukonstruoti remiantis skirtingu požiūriu į laiko ir erdvės parametrų svarbą. Taip pat analizuojama kiekybinė (tyrimo vienetų skaičiaus) klasifi kacija. Šio straipsnio tikslas – prisidėti prie lyginamosios politikos metodologijos analizės plėtojimo lietuvių kalba.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

The growth of the television as a part of mass media channel persuaded commencement of new kinds of political communication. Political advertisement in TV became a brightest but also not so clear-cut phenomenon of political being. Political TV spots in contemporary election process war are ones of essential well organized and fully controlled communication patterns. The pattern and targets of the political advertisement where changing in the evolution of general election processes. V. Cvalina asserts that the main goal of the modern political advertisement it's not the information flue but impact on an advertisement receivers behavior. After analyzing electors behavior author of theory ascertain the fact that a person makes its election decision on an emotional base. The main target of my treatise is to explore and analyze the emotional relationship between the elector and its voting object. What impact it has for making decisions and that are the main ambiences on modern political TV advertisements. The detailed tasks of my researches are to analyze the concept of the nowadays political advertisement, its functions, types of content of the political TV spots and the process of the political election modernization. Also it is important to understand the way electors are making their political decisions. The object of my research is Polish political party of "Civic Platform" and their political TV spots translated due to the General Seym and Senate elections in 2007. B. Dobek – Ostrovskas, M. Mazurs, V. Cvalinas empirical researches were taken for the theoretical background as a base of political marketing and communication knowledge. It was a source of all illations regarding general election processes, political communication functions, on differentiation of types of content of political TV spots and its impact for elector decisional process. The analysis of scientific literature in the first two parts of my treatise made a possibility for practical scrutiny in the third of my academic work. Quantity and quality researches of political TV spots gave me possibility to take these kinds of conclusions: firstly- emotional relationship between elector and political party is based on different kinds of persuasion and political marketing methods, secondly- all "Civic Platform" TV spots where made based on political party image and socio-political situation in the country. Obviously the main target of all reviewed TV spots is to persuade elector decision on the elections day. As distinguishing features I could mention several of them: periodicity of the TV spots, political party's slogan adaptation to different kind of mass communication, big expenditures, persuasive way of communication, negative advertisement and political personality process. Distinguishing features of political advertisement in Poland are in a strait line with the processes of elections modernization. It gives a conclusion that politics are valuated like a market and election processes goes by the simple rules of marketing.