Suchergebnisse

Fragile states are trapped in cycles of poverty, violence, and instability. War and instability deter investment. Low investment retards growth, and lack of growth engenders further conflict and instability. One path out of this equilibrium is for fragile states to succeed in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) while political risk remains high. My dissertation explores firm-level variation in how investors experience and respond to political risk, identifying types of investors who are, and are not, willing to invest in post-conflict and other fragile states. I then explore the mechanisms through which these investors manage political risk. I focus specifically on foreign firms that specialize in political risk management, and on diasporans (i.e. migrants and their descendents), a group of potential investors that is theorized to be particularly willing to, and capable of, investing in fragile states. Empirically, I exploit both time-series-cross-sectional data on dyadic FDI between states, as well as firm-level data from an original survey of foreign firms in the post-conflict country of Georgia

This study focuses on the political implications of the presidential system practice in the Jokowi-JK government. Constitutionally, the Indonesian government system adheres to a presidential system. However, there is a system confusion in practice that causes the President's role and position as head of government to be not optimal because his policies are often criticized and even intervened by the DPR. The purpose of this study is to analyze the political implications of the presidential system practice run by Jokowi-JK, using a case study approach and analyzing primary and secondary data. The specification of the research is analytical descriptive with qualitative method. The theories used include presidential theory, party system, coalition, and leadership theory. The study results show that the presidential-parliamentary-style system run by Jokowi-JK has implications for less than optimal decision-making by the President in the preparation of the cabinet and disruption of relations with parliament.

The author starts from the hypothesis that it is essential for the countries of the region to critically assess the synergy established between systemic, political corruption and a selectively weak, 'devious' nature of the state. Moreover, the key dilemma is whether the expanded practice of political rent seeking supports the conclusion that the root of all corruption is in the very existence of the state - particularly in excessive, selective and deforming state interventions and benefits that create a fertile ground for corruption? The author argues that the destructive combination of weak government and rampant political corruption is based on scattered state intervention, while also rule the parties cartel in the executive branch subordinate to parliament, the judiciary and the police. Corrupt exchange takes place with the absence of strong institutional framework and the precise rules of the political and electoral games, control of public finances and effective political and anti-monopoly legislation and practice included. Exit from the current situation can be seen in the realization of effective anti­corruption strategy that integrates preventive and repressive measures and activities and lead to the establishment of principles of good governance. ; Autor u radu polazi od teze da je za Srbiju i zemlje regiona od ključnog značaja kritičko preispitivanje sinergije uspostavljene između sistemske, političke korupcije i selektivno - slabe, 'lukave' prirode države. Pri tom, ključna dilema je da li se iz raširene prakse traganja za političkom rentom može izvući zaključak da je koren korupcije u samom postojanju države - posebno u prekomernim, selektivnim i deformišućim državnim intervencijama i davanjima koja stvaraju plodno tlo za korupciju. Autor zastupa tezu da se razorna kombinacija slabe države i raširene političke korupcije bazira na razuđenoj državnoj intervenciji, uz istovremenu partokratsku vladavinu, kao i na pluripartijskom kartelu u izvršnoj vlasti podređenom parlamentu, pravosuđu i policiji. Koruptivna razmena odvija se uz odsustvo čvrstog institucionalnog okvira i preciznih pravila političke i izborne igre, uključujući kontrolu javnih finansija i efektivno antimonopolsko zakonodavstvo i praksu. Izlaz iz postojećeg stanja vidi se u realizovanju efektivne antikoruptivne strategije koja objedinjuje preventivne i represivne mere i aktivnosti i vodi uspostavljanju principa dobre vladavine.

Social sciences and criminal justice: a multifaceted response to a question outside the realm of the history of criminal justice.Twentieth century criminal and penitentiary politics have been marked by an unprecedented interaction with social sciences. Whereas in the 21st century the criminal sciences constituted a field for jurists and doctrinaires to find the most fitting penitentiary practices, the political, criminological, judicial and penitentiary debates of the 20th century were often dominated by the question of "security measures" and "indeterminate sentences" established according to the accused's personality. Supported by the growth of sciences addressing the "criminal man" of the last third of the 19th century, these new measures concerned every category of prisoners, minors, adults, the clinically insane and repeat offenders, and are at the origins of numerous penal discourses and experiments. The objective of Sciencepeine is to address this evolution in French penal knowledge and sciences with a historical perspective via the creation of an interdisciplinary team of historians, ethnologists, demographers, archivists and computer specialists.A project marrying historical methods and the digital humanitiesSciencepeine aims to significantly update the complex interactions between the social sciences and the evolution of criminal law and also to facilitate future work in the field by creating free and accessible research tools and documentation. The methodology used is drawn from a broad array of historical methods (archival research, study of printed documents, collection of personal accounts, database research) enriched by collective reflection on the digital conservation of research. A true technological challenge given the absence of preexisting solutions, the questions surrounding the creation, organization, and visualization of a body of documents and data are at the heart of exchanges between scholars and computer specialists; how can we represent the temporal evolution of a legal text? How can ...

Social sciences and criminal justice: a multifaceted response to a question outside the realm of the history of criminal justice.Twentieth century criminal and penitentiary politics have been marked by an unprecedented interaction with social sciences. Whereas in the 21st century the criminal sciences constituted a field for jurists and doctrinaires to find the most fitting penitentiary practices, the political, criminological, judicial and penitentiary debates of the 20th century were often dominated by the question of "security measures" and "indeterminate sentences" established according to the accused's personality. Supported by the growth of sciences addressing the "criminal man" of the last third of the 19th century, these new measures concerned every category of prisoners, minors, adults, the clinically insane and repeat offenders, and are at the origins of numerous penal discourses and experiments. The objective of Sciencepeine is to address this evolution in French penal knowledge and sciences with a historical perspective via the creation of an interdisciplinary team of historians, ethnologists, demographers, archivists and computer specialists.A project marrying historical methods and the digital humanitiesSciencepeine aims to significantly update the complex interactions between the social sciences and the evolution of criminal law and also to facilitate future work in the field by creating free and accessible research tools and documentation. The methodology used is drawn from a broad array of historical methods (archival research, study of printed documents, collection of personal accounts, database research) enriched by collective reflection on the digital conservation of research. A true technological challenge given the absence of preexisting solutions, the questions surrounding the creation, organization, and visualization of a body of documents and data are at the heart of exchanges between scholars and computer specialists; how can we represent the temporal evolution of a legal text? How can ...

Social sciences and criminal justice: a multifaceted response to a question outside the realm of the history of criminal justice.Twentieth century criminal and penitentiary politics have been marked by an unprecedented interaction with social sciences. Whereas in the 21st century the criminal sciences constituted a field for jurists and doctrinaires to find the most fitting penitentiary practices, the political, criminological, judicial and penitentiary debates of the 20th century were often dominated by the question of "security measures" and "indeterminate sentences" established according to the accused's personality. Supported by the growth of sciences addressing the "criminal man" of the last third of the 19th century, these new measures concerned every category of prisoners, minors, adults, the clinically insane and repeat offenders, and are at the origins of numerous penal discourses and experiments. The objective of Sciencepeine is to address this evolution in French penal knowledge and sciences with a historical perspective via the creation of an interdisciplinary team of historians, ethnologists, demographers, archivists and computer specialists.A project marrying historical methods and the digital humanitiesSciencepeine aims to significantly update the complex interactions between the social sciences and the evolution of criminal law and also to facilitate future work in the field by creating free and accessible research tools and documentation. The methodology used is drawn from a broad array of historical methods (archival research, study of printed documents, collection of personal accounts, database research) enriched by collective reflection on the digital conservation of research. A true technological challenge given the absence of preexisting solutions, the questions surrounding the creation, organization, and visualization of a body of documents and data are at the heart of exchanges between scholars and computer specialists; how can we represent the temporal evolution of a legal text? How can ...

This timely provides an invaluable analysis of the impact the Brexit decision has, and will have, on Britain's universities. International by nature, British universities draw their students and staff from across the global community. Britain is a major beneficiary of EU-sponsored research funding through the Horizon 2020 scheme and partnerships as part of the European Research Area. Britain's universities have world-leading reputations, with the UK sector second only to the United States in international prestige. Brexit has - already - affected this, with a drop in student recruitment from abroad and an increase in EU academics electing to leave the British university system. British Universities in the Brexit Moment offers the first book-length treatment of these issues. It situates the 'Brexit question' in the context of prevailing developments in UK higher education such as marketization and provides an indispensable guide to the material impacts of Brexit on Britain's universities.

Abstract. The paper is focused on the study of the political conflict image from the perspective of psychosemantics. The integral psychosemantic approach to the political conflict allowed establishing semantic universals viewed as students' evaluation of the conflict's image. Among the parameters were active, dangerous, open, rational, moral, close, aggressive, etc. The results of the students' semantic space study through the semantic differential showed that the semantic constructs of "political conflict" image as reflected in the minds of the students, and "real political conflict" image are different, since the reality is able to change their cognitive interpretation and emotional attitude.

This Open Access book provides a comprehensive analysis of political reforms in Japan since the 1990s, emphasizing the role of ideas in shaping their goals and outcomes. For more than fifteen years following the collapse of Japan's economic bubble, politicians, business people and academics tackled a range of institutional reforms. The sweeping changes they enacted—covering almost all facets of the public sphere, including elections, public administration, courts and the central bank—fundamentally altered Japanese political processes and policies. Taken together, they arguably represent the final touches of Japan's political modernization, which had been unfolding since the mid-19th century. Throughout the reform process, advocates were inspired by a combination of liberal and modernist ideas. This book examines those guiding concepts and illustrates the often messy process of applying them to real-world institutions. While most reforms began from common goals, they ultimately produced different—and frequently unexpected—institutional outcomes, which continue to shape Japanese politics. By focusing on the relationship between the ideas and processes that shaped Japan's reforms, this book presents a broad vision of institutional change in comparative politics.

AbstractThis is a study of political culture of Kwun Tong, a fast-developing industrial community of Hong Kong. Employing a set of concepts developed by sociologists and political scientists, it is attempted to give a systematic explanation of data, thereby throwing some lights on the understanding of people's attitudes and orientations towards politics. This study can provide us with a theoretical and empirical base, be preliminary as it may, to probe into the nature of the political system of the Colony. In analyzing the data bearing on the political culture of the Hong Kong community, empirical findings of other societies are utilized in order to give it a comparative perspective. Furthermore, the Chinese traditional political-cultural value systems have been used as a point of reference, thus showing the continuity and discontinuity of the Chinese political culture of Kwun Tong under investigation Before embarking on analyzing the data directly, a brief articulation of the theoretical framework is in order.

Economists broadly agree on many key economic policy issues, but economics as a discipline has provided much less guidance on why and how economic policy reform occurs and how to develop institutional mechanisms that enable governments to adopt "good" eco