Suchergebnisse

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In less than a century of its existence Saudi Arabia has developed from mass illiteracy and lack of education of its population into the current state of complex structure of educational and research institutions and organizations equipped with most modern and advanced technologies and top world specialists in accordance with the highest international standards. It is especially important that the Kingdom has managed to achieve such success in no time. Until lately scientifi c development in Saudi Arabia was mostly concentrated on applied research, especially in the Kingdom's key economic sphere – energy. Despite the country's abundant financial resources, science was considerably underfunded and lacked any development strategy. Meanwhile, in the last 15 years the Saudi Kingdom has made a huge leap in scientifi c development with a clear action plan worked out, a solid structure of scientifi c institutes formed and the world experience effi ciently used. The success came with the Saudi authorities' realization of the importance of scientifi c and technical progress both for the national economy and political positions of the state in the region and in the world. The article aims to analyze the scientifi c policy of Saudi Arabia on the stage of its birth and in the current state by means of studying offi cial documents, statistics and the existing institutes in the scientifi c system of the Kingdom. The author concludes that the key features of the Saudi scientifi c policy are prevailing role of the state, priority of applied over fundamental research and internalization with serious dependency on foreign support in the absence of a national scientifi c tradition. ; За менее, чем сто лет существования государства Саудовская Аравия прошла развитие от повсеместной неграмотности и необразованности населения до современного этапа развитой структуры образовательных и исследовательских заведений, оснащенных новейшими технологиями с привлечением лучших мировых специалистов в соответствии с высочайшими международными стандартами. Принципиально, что таких успехов Королевство смогло добиться за очень короткий срок. До недавнего времени развитие науки в Саудовской Аравии было в значительной степени ориентировано на прикладные исследования в основной для экономики Королевства области – в энергетике. Несмотря на большие финансовые возможности страны, научные исследования испытывали нехватку государственного планирования и финансирования: первая комплексная стратегия научно-технического развития появилась лишь в начале 2000-х гг. Между тем, за последние 15 лет Королевство сделало огромный рывок в сфере научного развития, разработав четкий план действий, сформировав прочную и структурированную институциональную базу и эффективно используя мировой опыт. Такие успехи были обусловлены пришедшим саудовскому руководству осознанием важности научно-технического прогресса не только для национальной экономики, но и для политического положения страны в регионе и мире. Целью данной статьи является анализ научной политики Саудовской Аравии на этапах ее зарождения и сегодняшнего состояния развития посредством изучения официальных государственных документов, статистики и существующей структуры научных учреждений Королевства. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что ключевыми характеристиками саудовской научной политики сегодня являются доминирующая роль государства, приоритет прикладных исследований над фундаментальными и интернациональность при заметной зависимости от международного сотрудничества в условиях отсутствия собственной национальной научной традиции.

"March 12, 1998." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-18). ; Mode of access: Internet.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between green knowledge management capability, top management support, Political Support by the government, green entrepreneurial orientation, green supply chain management and sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, the present research also examined the mediating role of green supply chain management as well. The data of the present study were gathered in the form of survey questionnaires from the employees of the textile sector of Indonesia through convenience sampling. From the distributed questionnaires, 560 usable questionnaires were received back. Thus, the response rate of the present study was 62.5%. The researcher employed PLS-SEM technique for the analysis of the data. It's been revealed from the findings of the study that all proposed direct hypothesis was supported significantly. Moreover, the mediating role of green supply chain management between green knowledge management capability, top management support, Political Support by the government, green entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable competitive advantage was also supported statistically. The findings of the study fill the gap of limited studies conducted regarding government policy in the context of the supply chain. Moreover, the results of the present study are helpful for the policymakers of the textile sector to enhance their profit by minimizing the impact on the environment.

Owing to an editorial oversight, the citation and reference for Piplani and Talmadge (2015) was deleted twice on page 307 of the May 2015 issue ofAmerican Political Science Review. The citations should read as follows:In this context, it is useful to consider the empirical results of two studies that find that the probability of coups is lower if the country is involved in a war (Piplani and Talmadge, 2015) and even in a crisis (Arbatli and Arbatli, 2014). The explanatory mechanisms these studies offer are different (although not necessarily incompatible): Piplani and Talmadge (2015) argue that when the military is engaged in a war there are fewer opportunities for a coup and more uncertainty about who will join it, whereas Arbatli and Arbatli (2014) argue that crises allow rulers to commit credibly to transfers to the military and to generate rally-around-the-flag effects.Also, owing to a printer's error on page 305, Qaddafi is misspelled as Qaddaf.We regret these errors.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- e-Government Theoretical Background and Cases -- Government as a Platform? Constitutive Elements of Public Service Platforms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Literature -- 2.1 Digital Platforms in Public Sector Service Provision -- 2.2 Constitutive Platform Aspects -- 3 A Public Service Platform Concept -- 3.1 Platform Ecosystem -- 3.2 Platform Architecture -- 3.3 Platform Governance -- 4 Public Platforms in Federal States -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Solution to Support Integrity in the Lawful Interception Ecosystem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Background -- 4 A Message-Authentication-Code-Based Technique -- 5 The Proposed Solution -- 6 Security Analysis -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Can Tech4Good Prevent Domestic Violence and Femicides? An Intelligent System Design Proposal for Restraining Order Implementations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Domestic Violence Against Women -- 2.2 Femicides Despite Restraining Orders: Location is the Key -- 2.3 The Attitude of Violators Against Restraining Orders -- 3 Current System in Turkey -- 4 An Intelligent System Design Proposal for Predicting and Preventing Domestic Violence Against Women -- 4.1 Use Case Diagrams of the System Modules -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Toward Smart City Architecture Principles: A Cornerstone in the Case of Smart City Duisburg -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Foundations -- 2.1 Smart Cities and Digital Transformation -- 2.2 Architecture Principles -- 3 Research Design -- 3.1 Our Action Design Research Approach -- 3.2 The Case of Smart City Duisburg -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Architecture Principles -- 4.2 Smart City Architect Role -- 4.3 Smart City Enterprise Architecture Governance Structures -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References.

A useful but little known feature of the IMF's Government Finance Statistics Yearbook (GFSY) is the information on the structure of governments. Institutional tables, included in the GFSY, provide detail on the central, state, and local levels of governments, social security, and extrabudgetary units. We refer to the main levels of government as GL1, GL2, and GL3 in ascending order of institutional coverage. We present maps of the various levels of government for 74 countries to illustrate the usefulness of this database and make it more accessible to users. The maps provide information about