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Following two decades of increasing investments, growth in public agricultural research spending in Latin America stalled during the 1980s, reflecting shrinking government contributions and declining donor support in the midst of general economic crises. Data for more recent years show some signs of recovery with an average rate of growth for an 11-country sample of 4 percent per year during the first half of the 1990s (compared with 1 percent during the 1980s). Nonetheless, this regional trend masks significant variation among the various countries. The regional averages are also heavenly influenced by developments in Mexico and Brazil; two countries that accounted for almost two-thirds of total Latin American agricultural research investment in the mid-1990s. Over the past few decades the organization of agricultural research in Latin America has changed considerably, becoming institutionally more complex and fragmented in many countries. In addition, some shifts in the sources of funding have occurred as well as changes in the way funds are dispersed."-- Authors' Abstract ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP31; Theme 10; Subtheme 10.2; Pro-poor science and technology policies; ASTI ; ISNAR

The article provides the theoretical analysis of co-production phenomenon. The interests in co-production and related concepts are examined applying the methods of Google Trends statistical analysis and information visualization. The activity of business, government, society and research sectors during the last five years are compared, the trends of interest change and the balance of inter-sectoral interest in co-production is assessed. The relative evaluation of interest in co-production indicates that the situation in different sectors is not the same – the asymmetry in interest in co-production prevails. The article concludes that cooperation between public sector organizations with private sector organizations and society in providing public service as well as cooperation between scientific research, methods and technologies is developed at a different rate thus hindering breakthrough on a larger scale.

The article provides the theoretical analysis of co-production phenomenon. The interests in co-production and related concepts are examined applying the methods of Google Trends statistical analysis and information visualization. The activity of business, government, society and research sectors during the last five years are compared, the trends of interest change and the balance of inter-sectoral interest in co-production is assessed. The relative evaluation of interest in co-production indicates that the situation in different sectors is not the same – the asymmetry in interest in co-production prevails. The article concludes that cooperation between public sector organizations with private sector organizations and society in providing public service as well as cooperation between scientific research, methods and technologies is developed at a different rate thus hindering breakthrough on a larger scale.

The article provides the theoretical analysis of co-production phenomenon. The interests in co-production and related concepts are examined applying the methods of Google Trends statistical analysis and information visualization. The activity of business, government, society and research sectors during the last five years are compared, the trends of interest change and the balance of inter-sectoral interest in co-production is assessed. The relative evaluation of interest in co-production indicates that the situation in different sectors is not the same – the asymmetry in interest in co-production prevails. The article concludes that cooperation between public sector organizations with private sector organizations and society in providing public service as well as cooperation between scientific research, methods and technologies is developed at a different rate thus hindering breakthrough on a larger scale. ; Straipsnyje teoriškai analizuojamas kopodrukcijos fenomenas. Taikant "Google Trends" statistinės analizės ir informacijos vizualizacijos metodą, tiriamas susidomėjimas koprodukcija ir kitais jai artimais konceptais pasaulyje. Lyginamas verslo, valdžios, visuomenės ir mokslo sektorių aktyvumas per pastaruosius penkerius metus, vertinamos interesų kaitos tendencijos ir tarpsektorinis domėjimosi koprodukcija balansas. Santykinio suinteresuotumo koprodukcija vertinimas rodo, kad situacija skirtinguose sektoriuose nevienoda – susidomėjimui koprodukcija būdinga asimetrija. Daroma išvada, kad viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų kooperavimasis su privataus sektoriaus organizacijomis ir bendradarbiavimas su visuomene teikiant viešąsias paslaugas, taip pat verslo ir mokslo bendradarbiavimas koprodukcijos tyrimų, metodų ir technologijų atžvilgiu plėtojamas skirtingais greičiais, trukdančiais pasiekti proveržį platesniu mastu.

Chapter 1. Hearing Assistive Technology: Sign Language Translation Application for Hearing Impaired Communication (Mohd Nizam Osman) -- Chapter 2. Fish Freshness Detector Using Sensory Quality Index Method and Digital Image Processing Evaluation (Khairul Naim Abd. Aziz) -- Chapter 3. The Impacts of Different Types of Slope on Soil Fertility Movement of Harumanis Mango (Sharifah Norashikin Bohari) -- Chapter 4. Quran Indexing using Cloud Database (Khairul Anwar Sedek) -- Chapter 5. Geospatial Site Suitability for Sustainable Property Investment (Ernieza Suhana Mokhtar) -- Chapter 6. Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) in Paddy Field Water Using IL-DLLME (Sharizal Bin Hasan) -- Chapter 7. The Potential of Bamboo Vinegar (Gigantochloa albociliata) as Insecticide (Nurul Zawani Alias) -- Chapter 8. Tensile Strength of Polyester Composite Filled with Bamboo Fiber (Noor Syafeekha Mohamad Sakdun) -- Chapter 9. NetGuard: Securing Network Environment Using Integrated OpenVPN, Pi-Hole, and IDS on Raspberry Pi (Abidah Mat Taib) -- Chapter 10. Bilingual E-Story Book for Hearing Impaired Students (BeSH) Towards Sustainability Learning (Sharifah Nurulhikmah Syed Yasin) -- Chapter 11. The Potential of Antioxidants and Phytochemicals Components in Fruit Waste (Peel) of Citrus hystrix and Ananas comosus (Rohayu Ramli) -- Chapter 12. The effect of different animal dung in vermicompost production using Eudrilus eugeniae worm and spent mushroom substrate as vermicomposting medium (Norhanani Ahmad) -- Chapter 13. Biofilm Developed from Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Preparation and Characterization (Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail) -- Chapter 14. Antimicrobial Properties and Toxicity Test of Stingless Bee Honey (Trigona itama), Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds and Their Combinations (Nurul Syazwina Roslan) -- Chapter 15. PM2.5 Pollutant Distributions in Year 2016 and 2019 using GIS Spatial Analyst (Noorfatekah Talib) -- Chapter 16. Sustainable Embedded Technology for Mouse Trap (Norfiza Ibrahim) -- Chapter 17. Determination of Antioxidant from Ubi Gadong Tubers for Facial Soap Bar (Daina Binti Masdar) -- Chapter 18. Coconut Oil Plasticizer as Replacement of Petroleum Oil in Natural Rubber Compound: Physical and Mechanical Properties (Farhana Othman) -- Chapter 19. Histopathology alteration of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Caused by Streptococcus agalactiae Infection (Ain Auzureen Mat Zin) -- Chapter 20. Ethnobotanical Study on Flowering Plants Along with Phytochemicals and Antioxidants Analysis on Selected Plumeria Species (Nur Illani Abdul Razak).

This article appeared in Strategic Insights, v.5, issue 1 (January 2006) ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.