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Today, Europe is living a new decisive time as it has been in its past after World War II, in search of unity in diversity in the name of a peace project to safeguard future. If, on the one hand, Europe expresses aspirations for profound changes in its external environment, in the domestic context, it ends up colliding with aspects linked to sovereignty and human rights; on the other hand, in European foreign policy, the model reveals the search to legitimize its action. Precisely, the objective and the motivation of this study seek, through the qualitative methodology in Political Science, to analyse and understand the current context of the European Union in the international system. In fact, it is identified that this new hierarchy of powers, in the reaffirmation of the Westphalian system, where economic power comes, is bound to consolidate the democratic development between the old and new times of international relations in the destiny of Europe. From the results obtained during the analysis, in order to face again the unpredictability of the world scenario, it is a reality that Europe must promote the re-encounter of an alternative role, in other words, to assume its initial project of European edification in the name of equality of circumstances and rights of its affirmation in the global arena.

Context: With the growing denunciations of violence and injustices in the social relationship, inside and outside schools, education based on human rights is insurgent in the current system of teaching and learning. Using the concept of school as a process of scientific, social and political construction, we planned the teaching and learning process of chemical interactions using the art of graffiti as a playful activity. Objectives: Reflection on chemistry teaching beyond the concepts of natural sciences, but also towards social issues to promote an education that transfigures the traditional model established by the hegemonic power during Brazilian history. Design: We use an ethnographic case study as a method. Scenario and Participants: In this way, we chose to bring graffiti art to chemistry workshops, since the paints are fixed on urban walls through chemical interactions between substances, building images and/or protest phrases that make us rethink the injustices and inequalities existing in Brazilian society and to dialogue the emergence of this art in the black movement with the political aspects of Human Rights. Thirteen students enrolled in a state basic education high school in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil, joined the workshops on Human Rights, Graffiti and Chemistry. Eight graffiti artists also participated in the workshop for free. Data collection and analysis: We used transcripts of semi-structured interviews and video-recorded workshops to categorise the data, analysing them with the Descending Hierarchical Classification technique and the use of dendrograms performed by the Iramuteq Software. Results: We obtained categories that evidence the chemical understanding of the content of chemical interactions and the socio-political understanding of human rights, and seven drawings on graffiti murals that show this correlation. Conclusions: The transgression of morals and the empowerment of the subordinate promote playfulness in the individual or collective social visibility of individuals, enabling better assimilation of scientific and social content.

This article intends to show that the South America construction came from a concept reinvention. It is used in the speech and practice of Brazilian diplomacy and is based on elements related to hegemony, leadership, hispanic and latin-american identity. The text tracks the idea of South America since its intellectual origins until its institucionalization in regional political and diplomatic arrangements. Adapted from the source document.

Através da Ciência periodística de Otto Groth (2011), da Teoria da Agenda e da Teoria do Gatekeeper, o trabalho traz reflexões conceituais do Jornalismo, dialogando com a proposta do Projeto Eleições Limpas e reforma política, apresentada pelo Movimento de Combate à Corrupção Eleitoral (MCCE). O estudo faz o diálogo através da perspectiva de formação da opinião pública do Eleições Limpas, que prevê coleta de assinaturas ao projeto de iniciativa popular, com algumas Teorias do Jornalismo, destacando as características da "Ciência dos Jornais", do agendamento temático (público, político e midiático) e dos processos de seleção através da metáfora das forças. A proposta é analisar a tematização jornalística do projeto com interface a algumas Teorias do Jornalismo.

In the second half of the 20th century, the Colombian state was concerned with containing the guerrilla insurgency, promoting internal peace and restructuring its power. The weakening of the state, maximized by drug trafficking led by guerrilla and paramilitary groups, sparked discussions about the establishment of a security plan involving the United States and Colombia, entitled Plan Colombia in 1999. Bill Clinton's US policy, inserted in a conjuncture of war on illicit activities, aimed at interrupting the institutionalization of violence in the Colombian State, as well as containing the impacts of drug sales in adjacent territories. The majority of investments came from the US government, which would remain maximized due to the episodes of 2001 – when the "war on terrorism" converted the plan into a fight against narcoterrorism. This article aims to analyze Plan Colombia in the dynamics of International Relations between the US and Latin America. ; En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, el Estado colombiano se preocupó por contener la insurgencia guerrillera, promover la paz interna y reestructurar su poder. El debilitamiento del Estado, maximizado por el narcotráfico liderado por la guerrilla y los grupos paramilitares, provocó discusiones sobre el establecimiento de un plan de seguridad entre Estados Unidos y Colombia, denominado Plan Colombia en 1999. La política estadounidense de Bill Clinton, insertada en una coyuntura de guerra sobre actividades ilícitas, encaminadas a interrumpir la institucionalización de la violencia en el Estado colombiano, así como a contener los impactos de la venta de drogas en territorios colindantes. La mayoría de las inversiones provinieron del gobierno de Estados Unidos, que se mantendría maximizado debido a los episodios de 2001, cuando la "guerra contra el terrorismo" convirtió el plan en una lucha contra el narcoterrorismo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el Plan Colombia en la dinámica de las Relaciones Internacionales entre Estados Unidos y América Latina. ; Na ...

The objective of this article is to analyze the strategic partnership between Brazil and Uruguay in the years 2003-2014 from the perspective of Brazilian international insertion. In order to do this three main aspects are considered: the limits and potentials of Brazil as a regional power, the context of South American regional politics and the strategy of the government of Lula da Silva and Rousseff administrations regarding these issues. The article is guided by a multi-scale approach, also focusing on some domestic and external dynamics of Brazilian foreign policy. It is noted that the above-mentioned strategic partnership acquired great relevance to the Brazilian proposal of integration, as well as to its national development goals, giving field to considerable advances in both ventures, since it is compatible with the idea of international insertion of Brazil and with its structural limitations. ; Peer reviewed

The research seeks to overcome a science teaching aimed at learning scientific concepts, moving towards an education in science that is critical and connected with modern political issues, towards understanding the nature of scientific work and towards discussions about patriarchy. Based on the recurrence in the literature of Marie Curie as an example of women in science, we developed the research with a view to answering the following question: what conditions enabled Marie Curie to participate in science and how the understanding of these conditions allows discussions in science education about the low numbers of female examples in the history of sciencethe. Answering the question based on references from science education and the historiography of the Cultural History of Science, the results enhance discussions in science education about women's participation in science, promoting critical understandings about science and patriarchy. ; La investigación busca superar una enseñanza de la ciencia orientada al aprendizaje de conceptos científicos, avanzando hacia una educación científica crítica y conectada con las cuestiones políticas modernas, la comprensión de la naturaleza del trabajo científico y la discusión sobre el patriarcado. Partiendo de la recurrencia en la literatura de Marie Curie como ejemplo de mujeres en la ciencia, desarrollamos la investigación con miras a dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: qué condiciones permitieron a Marie Curie participar en la ciencia y cómo la discusión de estas condiciones en la educación científica y cómo la comprensión de estas condiciones permite en la educación científica discusiones sobre el bajo número de mujeres en la ciencia. Respondiendo a la pregunta basada en referencias de la educación científica y la historiografía de la Historia Cultural de la Ciencia, los resultados mejoran las discusiones en la educación científica sobre la participación de las mujeres en la ciencia, promoviendo entendimientos críticos sobre la ciencia y el patriarcado. ; A pesquisa ...

Reports and suggestion documents by international organizations can be analyzed as discursive representations of power exercising, as long as they disclose relations between supranational organizations and their member countries and delimit the meanings of political fields. During the last 40 years, the development reports have been dealing with those fields and their meanings, which have changed permanently. In the context of the Critical Discourse Analysis, this article reconstructs general structure of reports as genres in which meanings rely on the association of topics and indicators. The general conclusion stands that the meaning changes has influenced in a devaluation of the education, in terms of economic development, and a valuation of the science and has determined a parallel existence of both. ; Los informes y documentos de recomendación publicados por las organizaciones internacionales pueden abordarse como representaciones discursivas del ejercicio de poder en tanto que, por un lado, dejan ver la relación entre los países y organizaciones de nivel supranacional y por otro delimitan el significado de los distintos campos de acción política que son su objeto de análisis. Los informes de desarrollo han abordado dichos campos a lo largo de 40 años, en los cuáles sus concepciones han cambiado de manera recurrente. En el marco de análisis crítico del discurso se reconstruye la estructura general de los informes como un género, en el que se asocian temas e indicadores como formas de significación. Se concluye que el cambio de los sentidos de la educación y la ciencia repercute en una devaluación de la primera, en términos del desarrollo, y en una nueva valoración de la segunda, lo cual determina una existencia paralela entre ambas. ; Os relatórios e documentos de recomendação publicados pelas organizações internacionais podem ser abordados como representações discursivas do exercício do poder, quanto, por um lado, mostram a relação entre países e organizações supranacionais e, mesmo asim, definem o significado dos diferentes campos de ação política que são seu objeto de análise. Os relatórios de desenvolvimento abordaram esses campos por 40 anos, nos quais suas concepções mudaram. Com análise crítica do discurso propõe a estrutura geral dos relatórios é reconstruída como um gênero, no qual temas e indicadores são associados como formas de significância. Conclui-se que a mudança nos sentidos da educação e da ciência tem impacto na desvalorização do primeiro, em termos de desenvolvimento, e uma nova avaliação do segundo, que determina uma dupla existência entre os dois.

The concepts of diplomacy and foreign policy are directly connected. Continuing events on the world stage and the interaction of political figures (heads of state and diplomatic workers) lead to the formation of a common international situation. The current general international situation has a significant effect on the foreign policy of countries. Diplomacy is a key tool for the successful conduct of the foreign policy of each active participating state. Foreign policy significantly affects the independent system of law governing interstate relations, while diplomacy helps to formulate general international rules for this system. In this respect, the relationship of the concepts under consideration is clearly expressed. In the course of the study there are lexical units of the semantic field "diplomacy" and "foreign policy" were selected from Russian and English dictionaries with political and diplomatic designations; there was studied and verified the material in the form of diplomatic documents, protocols and international agreements. ; Los conceptos de diplomacia y política exterior están directamente conectados. Los sucesos continuos en el escenario mundial y la interacción de figuras políticas (jefes de estado y trabajadores diplomáticos) conducen a la formación de una situación internacional común. La actual situación internacional general tiene un efecto significativo en la política exterior de los países. La diplomacia es una herramienta clave para la conducción exitosa de la política exterior de cada estado participante activo. La política exterior afecta significativamente el sistema legal independiente que rige las relaciones interestatales, mientras que la diplomacia ayuda a formular reglas internacionales generales para este sistema. En este sentido, se expresa claramente la relación de los conceptos considerados. En el curso del estudio se seleccionaron unidades léxicas del campo semántico "diplomacia" y "política exterior" de diccionarios de ruso e inglés con designaciones políticas y diplomáticas; se estudió y verificó el material en forma de documentos diplomáticos, protocolos y acuerdos internacionales. ; Os conceitos de diplomacia e política externa estão diretamente relacionados. Os acontecimentos contínuos no cenário mundial e a interação de figuras políticas (chefes de Estado e trabalhadores diplomáticos) levam à formação de uma situação internacional comum. A atual situação internacional geral tem um efeito significativo na política externa dos países. A diplomacia é uma ferramenta fundamental para a condução bem-sucedida da política externa de cada Estado participante ativo. A política externa afeta significativamente o sistema independente de leis que regem as relações interestatais, enquanto a diplomacia ajuda a formular regras internacionais gerais para esse sistema. A este respeito, a relação dos conceitos em consideração é claramente expressa. No decorrer do estudo, unidades lexicais do campo semântico "diplomacia" e "política externa" foram selecionadas de dicionários russo e inglês com denominações políticas e diplomáticas; foi estudado e verificado o material na forma de documentos diplomáticos, protocolos e acordos internacionais.