Suchergebnisse

The use of Twitter has become an important part of foreign policy making and conducting in the recent years. Since it is seen as the most powerful and popular tool of digital diplomacy, foreign policy makers increasingly use Twitter for sending messages to their counterparts and to inform their followers on certain issues, problems or current topics on their country's foreign policy agenda. Taking the popularity of Twitter use in foreign policy, this study aims to discuss the role of Twitter diplomacy on Turkey-US relations. In this respect, how and for which purposes foreign policy makers in Turkey and the US use Twitter, which topics are mostly covered by the tweets of the selected top-level decision-makers' accounts, the positive and negative impacts of Twitter on the current status of bilateral relations and the role that Twitter is likely to play in the future of relations are the points that are going to be dealt within the framework of this study.

Özellikle, kitle iletişim teknolojisinin gelişmesi ile birlikte küreselleşme süreci hız kazanmıştır. Bu süreçte, devlet yapılarının formu değişmeye başlamıştır. Bu değişim, ulus devletlerin varoluşunu sarsmıştır. Ulus devlet yerini küresel devlete bırakmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, devletler bu yeni forma uyum sağlamak ve küresel devlet olmak için yeni yollar bulmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu yeni; ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel yolların, en önemli aracı ise doğru kamu diplomasisi tekniklerini kullanmaktır. Günümüzde, dünyanın, ekonomik ve siyasi gücü olmanın sırrı doğru ve etkili kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarından geçmektedir. Dünyada bu uygulamaların en önemli temsilcisi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmuştur. Tezin teori kısmında devlet kavramı ve uluslararası ilişkilerde devletin yeri anlatılmıştır. Ardından diplomasi ve kamu diplomasisinden bahsedilmiştir. ABD ve Türkiye kamu diplomasisi internet sayfaları tanıtılmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonraki süreçte başka devletlerle olan ilişkilerinde 'demokrasi' ve 'özgürlük' siyasal söylemleri üzerinden kendi dış politikalarını yürütmüştür. Bu yüzyılın kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarına yön vermiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda ABD'nin küresel kamu diplomasisi yaptığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Aynı şekilde Türkiye'nin ise ağırlıklı olarak iç kamu diplomasisi yaptığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, ABD ve Türkiye kamu diplomasisi çalışmaları sosyal medya platformlarından Twitter üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. ABD ve Türkiye'nin kamu diplomasisi yönelimlerinde en fazla neyi ön plana çıkardıkları, neyi vurguladıkları grafik ve tablolarla gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kamu diplomasisinin artıları ve eksileri gösterilerek önerilerde bulunulmuştur. ; In particular, the development of mass communication technology has accelerated the globalization process. In this process, the form of state structures has begun to change. This change has shaken the existence of nation states. The nation state has begun to relocate its place to the global state. In this context, states are trying to find new ways to adapt to this new form and become a global state. This is new; economic, political and cultural ways, and the most important means is to use the right public diplomacy techniques. Today, the mystery of being the economic and political power of the world is the right and effective public diplomacy practice. The United States has pursued its own foreign policies over the political discourses of 'democracy' and 'freedom' in its relations with other states in the period after gaining its independence. This century has led to the implementation of public diplomacy. For this reason, the prospect of public diplomacy in intergovernmental relations has been researched. In the thesis theory part, the concept of the state and the place of the state in international relations are explained. Then, diplomacy and public diplomacy were mentioned. US and Turkey, public diplomacy has introduced web pages. In this context, public diplomacy efforts in the US and Turkey were compared via Twitter social media platforms. US and Turkey, public diplomacy orientations, most of what they make the foreground, they emphasize what is shown in the graphs and tables. As a result, proposals have been made in the Republic of Turkey showing the pros and cons of public diplomacy.

Tirebolu Belediyesi tarafından 2019-2020 yılları arasında koordine edilen Avrupa Gönüllük Hizmetleri Projesi kapsamında programa üye ülkelerden Macaristan ve İtalya'ya gönderilen 25 katılımcıdan 18'i ile görüşülmüştür. Veriler yapılan derinlemesine görüşmeler ile toplanmış ve betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Bu program kapsamında gönderilen katılımcılar, programı koordine eden kurum tarafından bazı şartlar gözetilerek belirlenmektedir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda katılımcıların Avrupa Gönüllük Programı hakkındaki bilgi kaynaklarında arkadaş tavsiyesi ve dijital platformların etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcıların gönüllülük programını tercih etmesindeki temel etkenler arasında ise kültürel ve kişisel kazanımlar yer almaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular analiz edildiğinde, katılımcıların program sürecinde Türkiye hakkında olumlu imaj oluşturmak ve kültürlerarası diyaloğu geliştirmek adına kişisel çabalar içerisinde yer aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. ; Due to the changing infrastructure of the plane of international relations, countries nolonger focus solely on political relations in diplomatic relations, but also impose some responsibilities on individuals in diplomatic relations. Through various programs organized internationally, individuals interact with individuals in different countries to get to know each other and introduce their counry. Citizen diplomacy, seen as a sub-application area of public diplomacy, based on the process of interpersonal communication. It provides the establishment of intercultural communication, in which symbolic and immediate feedback based on mutual dialogue is received. In this way, citizens who have the opportunity to transfer their national values and interest face to face to those with whom they communicate serve as a bridge in establishing intercultural dialogue (Karlı & Ozel, 2020, s.2). Citizen diplomacy is based on interpersonal communication is used as an element of Public Diplomacy. In citizen Diplomacy, citizen convey national values and interest face to face to whose with whom they communicate. Exchange programs carried out for this purpose can be used effectively as a means citizen diplomacy. Wihnin the scope of Erasmus+ project, the communication and interaction between the European Union countries and the program countries with the citizens of the countries where the students are located in Hungary and Italy at different time intervals with the voluntary embassy program is the subject of the research. Between 2019-2020, 18 participations who went to Hungary and Italy were interviewed within scope of the European Solidarity Program volunteering project coordinated by the municipality of Tirebolu. The data was collected by in-depth interviews and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The countries that go are determined by the coordinating institution, taking into account the specific conditions of the participations. According to the data obtained, it was observed that the participants information sources about the European volunteering program had the influence of friend advice and digital platforms. Among the main factors that participants prefer the Solidarity Program are cultural and personal achievements. Finally, this article, which focuses on citizen diplomacy, consist of three parts. In the first and second sections, it consist of information obtained as a result of a literature review that provides the basic for research. In the third section, the research section is given. In this context, in the first chapter, concepts and explanations related to public diplomacy and soft power are given in accordance with the information obtained from the literature review. In the second, the information contained in the literature on European Voluntary Services projects, which are one of the applicaion areas of citizen diplomacy and citizen diplomacy, is evaluated. The city of Tripolis in the third chapter the research part of a European Voluntary Service Project coordinated by Hungary and Italy in-depth interviews with the participants to the obtained with the taken and can be diagnosed by examination consist of the result of a qualitative research.