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In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; International audience In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de ...

16 mai 1927 : un mandat sans équivoque24 août 1931 : sur fond de crise économique; 25 novembre 1935 : à la porte du changement; Chapitre 3 : 1936-1960; Tradition et autonomie; Vie démocratique; Vie partisane; Vie gouvernementale; Carnets de campagne; 17 août 1936 : la victoire que l'on n'attendait plus; 25 octobre 1939 : la bataille de la conscription; 8 août 1944 : retour en force de l'Union nationale; 28 juillet 1948 : une province unioniste; 16 juillet 1952 : l'apogée d'une redoutable machine électorale; 20 juin 1956 : dernier triomphe de l'ère duplessiste; Chapitre 4 : 1960-2000.

From the publication of the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, the article reverted to the tendency of political science and, more broadly, of social sciences to adopt the naturalist view that the phenomena they deal with existed independently from the point of view of the members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the opposing positions of Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in RFSP issues 58 (4) and (5), are similar: they argue that it is possible to determine what is and is not political externally to specific practices. ; International audience Based on the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, this article reassesses the tendency in political science – and, more broadly, in the social sciences – to adopt the naturalistic view that the phenomena those sciences explore exist independently of the viewpoints of members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the contrasting positions taken by Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in issues 58 (4) and (5) of the RFSP, turn out to be similar : both posit that what is and is not political can be determined without reference to specific practices. ; From the publication of the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, the article reverted to the tendency of political science and, more broadly, of social sciences to adopt the naturalist view that the phenomena they deal with existed independently from the point of view of the members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the opposing positions of Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in RFSP issues 58 (4) and (5), are similar: they argue that it is possible to determine what is and is not political externally to specific practices. ; À partir de la publication de la traduction française d'un ouvrage de Peter Winch, l'article revient sur la tendance de la science politique et, plus largement, des sciences sociales à adopter le point de vue naturaliste selon lequel les phénomènes dont elles traitent existeraient indépendamment du ...

for more than a decade, the international community seems to have placed its hopes for political stabilisation in South-East Europe in the organisation, under international supervision, of electoral elections. Over the years, however, these electoral consultations have mobilised a decreasing number of voters. Many arguments have been put forward to explain the high rates of abstention, dissilsions due to reforms with high social costs, clientelary practices of partisan elites, and even the excessive frequency of calls for popular arbitration. Beyond these findings, it seems that nobody has considered questioning one of the main assumptions of democratisation policies in the East, namely the assimilation of voting to a democratic 'potion', which is intended to bind citizens to their elected representatives in the act of delegation of authority itself and, therefore, to promote popular support for democracy. There is, however, a crisis in voting today in its capacity to give political elites a mandate and legitimacy. Partly disqualified, in regions under international administration, by outsourcing decision-making to those in charge of the international community, governments are also weakened by their inability, in times of macroeconomic austerity, to propose to their electorate political projects that generate social dividends. Thus, the 1990s saw an increase in alternation without voters feeling that they had alternatives. Therefore, the miracle of the conversion, through election, of individual preferences into collective choices favouring allegiance to established systems no longer works. The repetition of electoral procedures, which is simply a behavioural treatment, will not be sufficient to solve the problem. ; Depuis plus d'une décennie, la communauté internationale semble avoir placé ses espoirs de stabilisation politique en Europe du Sud-Est dans l'organisation, sous supervision internationale, de scrutins électoraux. Au fil des années, ces consultations électorales mobilisent cependant un nombre ...

International audience ; In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de certaines régularités dans les interrelations entre les faits sociaux. Ces régularités observées, puis validées par l'expérimentation invoquée, permettent de proposer des lois, même si ces dernières n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère universel et pérenne, comme parfois en science physique. Conformément à cette démarche et appliquant les principes de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard, nous proposons deux des lois démogéographiques de la politique, la loi du nombre et la loi du différentiel. Par l'expérimentation invoquée, leur véracité peut être établie. La géographie de la population peut donc apporter des enseignements utiles à la science politique.

International audience ; In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de certaines régularités dans les interrelations entre les faits sociaux. Ces régularités observées, puis validées par l'expérimentation invoquée, permettent de proposer des lois, même si ces dernières n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère universel et pérenne, comme parfois en science physique. Conformément à cette démarche et appliquant les principes de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard, nous proposons deux des lois démogéographiques de la politique, la loi du nombre et la loi du différentiel. Par l'expérimentation invoquée, leur véracité peut être établie. La géographie de la population peut donc apporter des enseignements utiles à la science politique.