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In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; International audience In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de ...

16 mai 1927 : un mandat sans équivoque24 août 1931 : sur fond de crise économique; 25 novembre 1935 : à la porte du changement; Chapitre 3 : 1936-1960; Tradition et autonomie; Vie démocratique; Vie partisane; Vie gouvernementale; Carnets de campagne; 17 août 1936 : la victoire que l'on n'attendait plus; 25 octobre 1939 : la bataille de la conscription; 8 août 1944 : retour en force de l'Union nationale; 28 juillet 1948 : une province unioniste; 16 juillet 1952 : l'apogée d'une redoutable machine électorale; 20 juin 1956 : dernier triomphe de l'ère duplessiste; Chapitre 4 : 1960-2000.

From the publication of the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, the article reverted to the tendency of political science and, more broadly, of social sciences to adopt the naturalist view that the phenomena they deal with existed independently from the point of view of the members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the opposing positions of Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in RFSP issues 58 (4) and (5), are similar: they argue that it is possible to determine what is and is not political externally to specific practices. ; International audience Based on the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, this article reassesses the tendency in political science – and, more broadly, in the social sciences – to adopt the naturalistic view that the phenomena those sciences explore exist independently of the viewpoints of members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the contrasting positions taken by Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in issues 58 (4) and (5) of the RFSP, turn out to be similar : both posit that what is and is not political can be determined without reference to specific practices. ; From the publication of the French translation of a book by Peter Winch, the article reverted to the tendency of political science and, more broadly, of social sciences to adopt the naturalist view that the phenomena they deal with existed independently from the point of view of the members of society involved in their production. In this sense, the opposing positions of Bruno Latour and Pierre Favre, published in RFSP issues 58 (4) and (5), are similar: they argue that it is possible to determine what is and is not political externally to specific practices. ; À partir de la publication de la traduction française d'un ouvrage de Peter Winch, l'article revient sur la tendance de la science politique et, plus largement, des sciences sociales à adopter le point de vue naturaliste selon lequel les phénomènes dont elles traitent existeraient indépendamment du ...

International audience ; In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de certaines régularités dans les interrelations entre les faits sociaux. Ces régularités observées, puis validées par l'expérimentation invoquée, permettent de proposer des lois, même si ces dernières n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère universel et pérenne, comme parfois en science physique. Conformément à cette démarche et appliquant les principes de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard, nous proposons deux des lois démogéographiques de la politique, la loi du nombre et la loi du différentiel. Par l'expérimentation invoquée, leur véracité peut être établie. La géographie de la population peut donc apporter des enseignements utiles à la science politique.

International audience ; In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de certaines régularités dans les interrelations entre les faits sociaux. Ces régularités observées, puis validées par l'expérimentation invoquée, permettent de proposer des lois, même si ces dernières n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère universel et pérenne, comme parfois en science physique. Conformément à cette démarche et appliquant les principes de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard, nous proposons deux des lois démogéographiques de la politique, la loi du nombre et la loi du différentiel. Par l'expérimentation invoquée, leur véracité peut être établie. La géographie de la population peut donc apporter des enseignements utiles à la science politique.

Les musées des sciences produisent des représentations de la science et de ses publics. Ils ont été invités à intervenir dans les nanotechnologies dans le cadre de programmes de politique publique d'ampleur mondiale censés développer ce domaine. Cet article examine la situation des musées des sciences européens. Il commence par examiner le cas d'un projet européen dans lequel étaient impliqués des musées des sciences travaillant sur les nanotechnologies. Cet exemple illustre un « impératif démocratique » auquel se retrouvent confrontés les musées des sciences européens, et qui implique une transformation de leur rôle public. Il offre une piste pour analyser l'évolution actuelle de la perspective de la communication scientifique européenne – qui passe d'« une compréhension de la science par le public » à « une compréhension scientifique du public » – et de la construction politique qu'implique cette évolution. ; Science museums, which produce representations of both science and the public, are being asked to become involved in nanotechnologies under public policies at the global scale that aim to develop this field. This article focuses the situation for science museums in Europe, beginning with a discussion on a European project that involved museums working on nanotechnologies. This example illustrates a "democratic imperative" that European museums are required to address, and which implies a major change in their public role. It puts forward a different approach to analyses of current shifts in perspectives on scientific communication in Europe – which is moving from "scientific understanding among the public" to "scientific understanding of the public" – and of the political construction these changes imply.

The paper is a transcription of the speech given by the author in acceptance of the title of doctor honoris causa of the University of Bucharest. The discourse is at the same time a personal statement of commitment to the study of Central and Eastern European politics and society, and an appraisal of the problématique of the researches conducted in and on the area. The assertion is that, despite a relative decline of the intellectual interest in the region of mainstream political science, Central and Eastern Europe might still provide valuable insights into the core issue of the discipline: the nature and predicament of democracy, the production of political regimes, how do cleavages appear and how they can be observed, how does politics affect the make-up of societies.