Suchergebnisse

Pubblicato per la celebre collana Institutional Analysis della University of Michigan Press, questo testo è il secondo di tre volumi antologici che raccolgono alcuni dei contributi più rilevanti del Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Animato da Elinor Ostrom - vincitrice del prestigioso 'Frank E. Seidman Distinguished Award in Political Economy' - presso l'Università dell'Indiana (USA), il Workshop è al centro di una rete internazionale di scienziati politici, sociologi, economisti ed antropologi che usano l'analisi istituzionale per studiare i beni pubblici ed i problemi della governance (.).

Pubblicato per la celebre collana Institutional Analysis della University of Michigan Press, questo testo è il secondo di tre volumi antologici che raccolgono alcuni dei contributi più rilevanti del Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Animato da Elinor Ostrom - vincitrice del prestigioso 'Frank E. Seidman Distinguished Award in Political Economy' - presso l'Università dell'Indiana (USA), il Workshop è al centro di una rete internazionale di scienziati politici, sociologi, economisti ed antropologi che usano l'analisi istituzionale per studiare i beni pubblici ed i problemi della governance (.).

In two articles the author presents some key elements from his recently completed thesis about functional, non-intrusive information infrastructures for interorganisational public policy implementation. The development of these information infrastructures requires a new approach, chain-computerisation, based on new concepts and practices. This methodology is vital for public administration, if the problems associated with interorganisational policy implementation are to be overcome. Chain-computerisation recognises the impossibility in many interorganisational settings of implementing government policy, because no single organisational actor has authority over the system. Thus, for example, a Dutch requirement that prisoners serving longer prison sentences must notify the Benefits system so that benefit paid can be adjusted, cannot be enforced because this multi-agency setting is too complex to allow adequate co-ordinated control. What is needed is an informational solution which automatically signals to the Imprisonment system that a prisoner is receiving benefits. Such highly automated communication systems can also protect privacy, in this particular example by signalling that a note must be sent by the prisoner to his benefit agency rather than by triggering enforcement by the Imprisonment system without the prisoner concerned knowing it. This methodology can be seen as emerged from 'lessons learned' during the period that the author was responsible for the development of information policies at the Dutch Ministry of Justice. Chain-computerisation is explained here by means of examples taken from the penal and social welfare systems, but it should be emphasized that the methodology of chain-computerisation can be applied to many other situations where public policy is to be implemented by close co-operation of many autonomous public and private organisations.

This PhD thesis investigates the role of the reduction of fiscal autonomy and uncertainty in the allocation of resources in driving the behaviour of Italian municipalities in non-autonomous regions and of the central government. Focusing on the uncertainty of grants to compensate the abolition of the property tax on main dwellings, we construct a regression discontinuity (RD) and regression kink (RK) design to test how the behaviour of municipalities changes depending on whether they are in a "bad" state (when they manage fewer resources after property tax reform) or in a "good" state (when they manage more resources after property tax reform), and also in light of the "partisan effect" (the mechanism that allows central governments to allocate more resources to the lower layer of government politically aligned with it). An empirical analysis of Italian municipalities suggests that: 1. Municipalities acted differently in terms of waste tax implementation. Their behaviour depended on the benefits or costs they assumed af- ter the abolition of the property tax on main dwellings: in particular municipalities that suffered a loss of resources increased the waste tax more; 2. Property tax reform led to an imperfect substitution between the prop- erty tax on the main dwelling and the waste tax, with a consequent loss in equality; 3. Despite the weakness of the ex-post control and the absence of pun- ishment for lying municipalities concerning the definition of a compen- satory grant may allow the presence of a weak "partisan effect", the reform of the main dwelling property tax was transparent in resources allocation.

The dissertation investigates the process of anti-corruption policy implementation in Italian local health agencies from a public management perspective. In detail, it is aimed at empirically investigating the implementation of the anti-corruption policy in Italian Local Health Agencies by following a nested research design, which ends up with a controlled comparison of two Local Health Agencies in order to shed light on the process of implementation of a new anti- corruption regulation issued by the Italian Government in November 2012 after several recommendations coming from international bodies such as the Council of Europe's anti-corruption monitoring body (GRECO). The perspective embraced by the author during the investigation is a public management perspective, that focusing on the achievement of the desired outputs of the implementation process in Italian Local Health Agencies aims at testing a "managerial quality hypothesis" as a tentative framework to investigate the ultimate role that public managers exert on the successful achievement of policy implementation and management. Various factors are controlled during the investigation, including relevant regional healthcare features and critical agencies' features- e.g. the levels of healthcare spending per inhabitant, important regional Quality of Government indicators like the regional levels of perceived impartiality and corruption of healthcare, as well as particular agencies' features like human resource and financial capacities. Finally, the results and conclusion sections are aimed to trace the process of implementation in the particular agencies and to provide insights for the improvement of anti-corruption policy implementation and management at a sub-national level of government in Italy. The results of the study show that the complex system of accountability and punishment introduced by the law, however claiming a bottom-up approach to the problem, still seems to result in practice as a typical top-down implementation with several implications on the successful achievement of the desired goals of the implementation process in Italian Local Health Agencies.

1ères lignes: In Italy, Spain and France, slums are far from being overcome, despite action taken by the competent authorities. When did they happen and how have they changed over the years? Who lives there? Have national and local policies in this regard had a positive impact or have they led to the continuation of the status quo? ; 1ères lignes : In Italia, in Spagna e in Francia le baraccopoli sono una realtà lontana dall'essere superata, nonostante gli interventi posti in essere da parte delle autorità competenti. Quando sono sorte e come sono cambiate nel corso degli anni? Chi vi abita? Le politiche nazionali e locali al riguardo hanno avuto un impatto positivo o hanno finito col perpetuare lo status quo?

The aim of this work is to present and investigate a model that departs from three considerations. First, fiscal policy and debt sustainability are two sides of the same coin: the former is the policy instrument that government manages in the present time to achieve its social objectives, whereas, the latter is the repercussion of the former in the long run. Second, fiscal policy has a direct impact on industries capital accumulation because it affects the available income and, therefore, their savings; such an impact can be evaluated through the intertemporal optimization of industries saving decisions. Finally, fiscal policy has to be characterized on both the revenue and the spending side: revenues are determined through a unique tax rate, while spending is represented as an industry-based subsidy with a fixed fraction, Φ, that must be re-invested in capital. The production function in each industry is assumed AK and investment is subjected to quadratic adjustment costs. The consequences of assuming a convex adjustment cost function are twofold: the model does not display growth in the long run and the invested capital due to the public incentivization program hyper-crowds out private saving, consequently the optimal Φ is 0. Another advantage, due to the simplicity of the framework, is that the notion of debt sustainability, contrary to the majority of literature on fiscal policy sustainability, is defined unambiguously therefore it is always possible to determine whether a certain public debt can be sustained. In section 4, the model is solved as a Nash bargaining problem by assuming an explicit welfare function and it is found that the optimal government size results undetermined whenever the optimal Φ is 0. However, in the conclusions, it is proposed a way to modify slightly the model in order to overcome the problem of the hyper-crowding-out and letting the designed public program of capital incentivization work effectively.

La tesi ha per oggetto lo studio delle politiche pubbliche locali ed in particolare delle politiche sociali che dal 2011 sono diventate politiche esclusivamente territoriali. L'obiettivo è quello di verificare se il differente orientamento politico delle amministrazioni genera politiche differenti. Per verificare le ipotesi si sono scelti 2 Comuni simili sul piano delle variabili socio-economiche, ma guidati da giunte con orientamento politico differente: il Comune di Modena a guida Partito Democratico e il Comune di Verona con un sindaco leghista a capo di una giunta di centro-destra. Nella prima parte vengono esposti ed analizzati i principali paradigmi di studio delle politiche (rational choice, paradigma marxista, economia del benessere, corporativismo e pluralismo, neo-istituzionalismo e paradigma relazionale) e viene presentato il paradigma che verrà utilizzato per l'analisi delle politiche (paradigma relazionale). Per la parte empirica si è proceduto attraverso interviste in profondità effettuate ai due Assessori alle Politiche sociali e ai due Dirigenti comunali dei Comuni e a 18 organizzazioni di Terzo settore impegnate nella costruzione delle politiche e selezionate attraverso la metodologia "a palla di neve". Sono analizzate le disposizioni normative in materia di politica sociale, sia per la legislazione regionale che per quella comunale. L'analisi dei dati ha verificato l'ipotesi di ricerca nel senso che l'orientamento politico produce politiche differenti per quanto riguarda il rapporto tra Pubblica Amministrazione e Terzo settore. Per Modena si può parlare di una scelta di esternalizzazione dei servizi che si accompagna ad un processo di internalizzazione dei servizi tramite le ASP; a Verona almeno per alcuni settori delle politiche (disabilità e anziani) sono stati realizzati processi di sussidiarietà e di governance. Per la fase di programmazione l'orientamento politico ha meno influenza e la programmazione mostra caratteristiche di tipo "top-down". ; My thesis deals with local public policies, with a particular focus on policies which since 2011 have acquired a mere territorial status. My aim was to verify if different political orientation of government could generate different orientation in policies. In order to test this hypothesis, I have chosen two municipalities which are very similar in terms of socio-economic variables, but with an otherwise politically orientated City Council. The cities I mean are Modena (led by Democratic Party) and Verona (led by a center-right council). Firstly, I have analyzed the major paradigms for the political study (rational choice, the Marxist paradigm, welfare economics, corporatism and pluralism, neo-institutionalism and the relational paradigm), and I have presented the paradigm used for political analysis (relational paradigm). I have applied experimental method by carrying out interviews to assessors for social policies, to municipal managers, to eighteen third-sector organizations involved in municipal policies, selected through the method called "ball of snow". Secondly, I have analyzed law provisions on social policy, both in the regional and municipal legislation, with a particular consideration to the so called "piani di zona". To sum out, data analysis have confirmed the original research hypothesis. Political orientation has shown to produce different policies according to the relationship between Public Administration and Third Sector. Referring to Modena, it is possible to affirm a pure choice of outsourcing of services. On the other hand, referring to Verona, it is possible to verify a choice of subsidiarity and governance processes regarding to some policy areas (disabled and elderly). Finally, concerning to a planning phase, political orientation has demonstrated lower political influence with a planning of top-down type.

A review essay on books by (1) Christopher Ham & Michael Hill, Introduzione all'analisi delle politiche pubbliche ([Introduction to the Analysis of Public Policy] Bologna, Italy: Il Mulino, 1995); (2) Michael Howlett & M. Ramesh, Come studiare le politiche pubbliche ([How to Study Public Policy] Bologna, Italy: Il Mulino, 2003); (3) Giorgio Freddi (Ed), Scienza dell'amministrazione e politiche pubbliche ([The Science of Public Policy and Administration] Rome: Carocci, 1989); (4) Yves Meny & Jean-Claude Thoenig, Le politiche pubbliche ([Public Policy] Bologna, Italy: Il Mulino, 1996); & (5) Gloria Regonini, Capire le politiche pubbliche ([Undertanding Public Policy] Bologna, Italy: Il Mulino, 2001). Tables, References.

This notebook is the fourth in the series designed to illustrate the results of an interdisciplinary study group, fostered by Lea Campos Boralevi, Vittore Collina and Bruna Consarelli, lecturers in the history of political theory, entitled Figure dello spazio, politica e società, and aimed at exploring the major political and social issues of the modern and contemporary age from the aspect of spaces and their production. The contributions presented in this book address issues connected with the role and impact of technology.

Questa tesi di dottorato si è occupata di approfondire una specifica politica urbana, identificabile come politica del social mix, che in Italia possiede una duplice facciata. Da una parte è in via di importazione come tattica risolutiva di problematiche avviatesi in specifiche porzioni di territorio, i quartieri ad alta concentrazione di edilizia residenziale pubblica (ERP); dall'altra parte è l'esito della politica abitativa locale, dunque quel risultato ottenuto per certi versi casualmente, a seguito della vendita del patrimonio abitativo pubblico o di quei progetti volti a combattere la povertà e a risollevare la condizione economica di alcune fasce di popolazione attraverso l'accesso alla proprietà, nonché delle evoluzioni che la "domanda di casa" oggi registra. Attraverso uno studio mixed methods la tesi dottorale ha indagato in particolare la relazione tra tenure e social mix nella città di Bologna avvalendosi sia di dati censuari, sia di dati sull'affitto sociale diffuso a livello urbano; in secondo luogo ha interrogato la relazione tra social mix e coesione sociale in un quartiere mixed tenure. ; The thesis concerns a specific urban policy: the social mix policy. Within the Italian context, this policy was imported on the one hand as a solution of the problems arised in specific territories, often in districts with a high concentration of public housing (Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica - ERP); on the other one it is the outcome of local housing policy, that is a result obtained in some ways by chance, following the selling of public housing, or by projects to fight poverty and to relieve the economic condition of sections of population, through the access to property. Additionally, it follows the development registered by the "demand of housing". Through a mixed methods research, this doctoral thesis studies the relationship between the tenure and the social mix in the city of Bologna using both census data and data on urban public housing. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the relationship between social mix and social cohesion in a mixed tenure neighbourhood.