Suchergebnisse

Commitment in foreign policy seems to be mostly a consequence of a domestic policy process, & in this way, when a political leader makes a decision this is underlined by his maintenance in power. This is the main argument of the poliheuristic theory of decision making. The case study presented here tests this theory, looking at the decision of Oliveira Salazar to support Ian Smith, South Rhodesian prime-minister, which stresses that the study of domestic policy, political systems & decision making should have the same relevance of the international system, when we analyze foreign policy states commitment. Adapted from the source document.

Montreal and Kyoto Protocols, international treaties, aim at safeguarding the environment and life by controlling the use of gases which deplete the ozone layer and cause the greenhouse effect, respectively, due to industrial and land use activities. The article highlights common points and differences and provides an update discussion about the protocols. Adapted from the source document.

A juventude da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS), enquanto política institucional no âmbito nacional, sinaliza a necessidade de uma reflexão sobre como se deu sua implementação, sob as perspectivas de sua inserção na política de saúde e do campo científico. Ao final de sua primeira década, levantam-se as perguntas: a ATS se traduziu em uma política de saúde (policy) informada pela ciência? Sua fundamentação científica foi usada a serviço da política (politics)? Para compreender esse processo político, aplicamos a teoria de múltiplos fluxos formulada por John Kingdon. Estabeleceu-se um equilíbrio instável entre o uso da ciência para informar a política e o uso político da ciência. A sobrevivência dessa política dependerá não só da ciência, mas da arte de orquestrar os interesses dos vários agentes, de forma que a ATS se torne uma política de saúde de fortalecimento e sustentabilidade do SUS. ; The youth of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), as an institutional policy at the national level, signals the need to reflect on how its implementation took place under the perspective of its insertion in health policy and the scientific field. At the end of its first decade, these questions arise: has HTA translated into a health policy informed by science? Has its scientific foundation been used in the service of politics? To understand this political process, we apply the multiple-streams framework formulated by John Kingdon. The use of science to inform policy and the political use of science present themselves in an unstable balance. The survival of this policy will depend not only on science but on the art of orchestrating the interests of various agents so that HTA becomes a health policy for strengthening and sustainability of SUS.

The environmental change by the society is recurring and has been intensified since the first civilizations. However, the lack of conservationist practices has caused the emergence of degraded areas, whose recovery is fundamental for the sustainability. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the environmental recovery as a public policy strategy supported in the Brazilian legislation. As methodology, a documental and analytical research was developed on the regulations, discussed at a multidisciplinary perspective, from the view of legal and engineering specialists, from the agricultural and environmental areas. As a result, it was identified a collection of rules pointing at a significant commitment on the definition of guidelines. On the other hand, this meaningful quantity of legal mechanisms, associated to misalignment, may cause damages to its effectiveness. In conclusion, we can consider that environmental reclamation is widely regulated, and it represents one of the main strategies of the environmental public policy adopted in Brazil. Nevertheless, it still requires advances to combine harmoniously practical and theoretical-conceptual aspects. Thus, considering the moment that Brazil is consolidating a new Forestry Code, we hope that the achieved outcomes can contribute to the debate and mobilization about the environmental reclamation as a strategy for sustainability.

One milestone of the public policies directed to the Quilombola communities in Brazil was the launch of the 'Brazil Quilombola Program' (PBQ) and its institutionalization with the 'Quilombola Social Agenda'. The objective of this article is to analyze the budgetary allocation of the 'Brazil Quilombola Program' and its relation with the implementation of public policies in Brazil and the state of Maranhão. The methodology was based on data analysis of the Brazilian Law of Budgetary Guidelines for the period 2004 to 2014, and on documentary analysis. The budget data was obtained from the online portal 'Siga Brasil' of the Federal Senate, which compiles data from the Federal Government's Integrated System of Financial Administration (Siafi). Documentary analyzes were carried out in the State Plan for Integrated Actions of the Brazil Quilombola Plan in Maranhão and in the Report on the Implementation of the Brazil Quilombola Plan in Maranhão. The data gathered led to the conclusion that the Brazil Quilombola Program operated as a governance device that symbolically included Quilombola communities, apparently meeting demands of social movements. However, in practice, it effectively excluded them, because of the budget's regulation. In addition, it was noted the decline, at least in terms of budget, of public policies with racial cut in the country within the federal government. ; Las políticas públicas dirigidas a las comunidades quilombolas tuvieron como marco el lanzamiento del Programa Brasil Quilombola (PBQ) y su institucionalización con la Agenda Social Quilombola. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la asignación presupuestaria del Programa Brasil Quilombola y su nexo con la ejecución de políticas públicas en Brasil y en Maranhão. La metodología utilizada se basó en el análisis de datos de las Leyes Presupuestarias anuales entre 2004 y 2014 y análisis documental. Los datos presupuestarios fueron obtenidos en el Portal Siga Brasil del Senado Federal, que compila datos del Sistema Integrado de Administración Financiera (Siafi) del gobierno federal. Se realizaron análisis documentales en el Plan Estadual de Acciones Integradas del Plan Brasil Quilombola de Maranhão y en el Informe de Ejecución del Plan Brasil Quilombola también de Maranhão. El análisis temático de contenido orientó el trabajo con los datos. Los datos reunidos condujeron a la conclusión de que el Programa Brasil Quilombola operó como un dispositivo de gobierno que incluyó simbólicamente a las comunidades quilombolas, aparentemente atendiendo demandas de movimientos sociales. Sin embargo, las excluyó efectivamente, a través de la regulación presupuestaria. Además, se constató el ocaso, al menos presupuestario, de políticas públicas con recorte racial en el país en el ámbito del gobierno federal. ; As políticas públicas direcionadas às comunidades quilombolas tiveram como marco o lançamento do Programa Brasil Quilombola (PBQ) e sua institucionalização com a Agenda Social Quilombola. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a alocação orçamentária do PBQ e seu nexo com a execução de políticas públicas no Brasil e no Maranhão. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em análise de dados das Leis Orçamentárias Anuais entre 2004 e 2014 e em análise documental. Os dados orçamentários foram obtidos no Portal Siga Brasil, do Senado Federal, que compila dados do Sistema Integrado de Administração Financeira (Siafi) do governo federal. Foram realizadas análises documentais no Plano Estadual de Ações Integradas do Plano Brasil Quilombola do Maranhão e no Relatório de Execução do Plano Brasil Quilombola, também do Maranhão. A análise temática de conteúdo orientou o trabalho com os dados. Os dados reunidos conduziram à conclusão de que o PBQ operou como um dispositivo de governo que incluiu simbolicamente as comunidades quilombolas, aparentemente atendendo demandas de movimentos sociais. Contudo, excluiu-as efetivamente, via regulação orçamentária. Além disso, constatou-se o ocaso, ao menos orçamentário, de políticas públicas com recorte racial no país no âmbito do governo federal.