Suchergebnisse

This PhD thesis investigates the role of the reduction of fiscal autonomy and uncertainty in the allocation of resources in driving the behaviour of Italian municipalities in non-autonomous regions and of the central government. Focusing on the uncertainty of grants to compensate the abolition of the property tax on main dwellings, we construct a regression discontinuity (RD) and regression kink (RK) design to test how the behaviour of municipalities changes depending on whether they are in a "bad" state (when they manage fewer resources after property tax reform) or in a "good" state (when they manage more resources after property tax reform), and also in light of the "partisan effect" (the mechanism that allows central governments to allocate more resources to the lower layer of government politically aligned with it). An empirical analysis of Italian municipalities suggests that: 1. Municipalities acted differently in terms of waste tax implementation. Their behaviour depended on the benefits or costs they assumed af- ter the abolition of the property tax on main dwellings: in particular municipalities that suffered a loss of resources increased the waste tax more; 2. Property tax reform led to an imperfect substitution between the prop- erty tax on the main dwelling and the waste tax, with a consequent loss in equality; 3. Despite the weakness of the ex-post control and the absence of pun- ishment for lying municipalities concerning the definition of a compen- satory grant may allow the presence of a weak "partisan effect", the reform of the main dwelling property tax was transparent in resources allocation.

Public good provision has always been a central role of government, but it is also an important element in political competition. The recent financial difficulties of public authorities have undermined their capacity to invest in public goods, requiring politicians to search for new ways to finance those investments. A solution widely adopted is the Public-Private Partnership, an instrument designed to provide more valuable public goods thanks to efficiency gains coming from bundling building and operating phases in a single contract, but that has often resulted in resounding failures. The most common explanation for this lack of results is that PPP are often adopted not for efficiency purposes but to avoid financial constraints. We build a model to analyze the incentives for politicians to use PPP for pork barrel politics in presence of a binding budget constraint, when they have a better ability to look forward than their voters, and are limited in their possibility to stay in charge. We then release the assumption of homogeneous income among voters, and analyze how this modifies politician's incentives to pander.

The dissertation investigates the process of anti-corruption policy implementation in Italian local health agencies from a public management perspective. In detail, it is aimed at empirically investigating the implementation of the anti-corruption policy in Italian Local Health Agencies by following a nested research design, which ends up with a controlled comparison of two Local Health Agencies in order to shed light on the process of implementation of a new anti- corruption regulation issued by the Italian Government in November 2012 after several recommendations coming from international bodies such as the Council of Europe's anti-corruption monitoring body (GRECO). The perspective embraced by the author during the investigation is a public management perspective, that focusing on the achievement of the desired outputs of the implementation process in Italian Local Health Agencies aims at testing a "managerial quality hypothesis" as a tentative framework to investigate the ultimate role that public managers exert on the successful achievement of policy implementation and management. Various factors are controlled during the investigation, including relevant regional healthcare features and critical agencies' features- e.g. the levels of healthcare spending per inhabitant, important regional Quality of Government indicators like the regional levels of perceived impartiality and corruption of healthcare, as well as particular agencies' features like human resource and financial capacities. Finally, the results and conclusion sections are aimed to trace the process of implementation in the particular agencies and to provide insights for the improvement of anti-corruption policy implementation and management at a sub-national level of government in Italy. The results of the study show that the complex system of accountability and punishment introduced by the law, however claiming a bottom-up approach to the problem, still seems to result in practice as a typical top-down implementation with several implications on the successful achievement of the desired goals of the implementation process in Italian Local Health Agencies.

The agroecology does not yet provide tools and analysis criteria to develop local and regional strategies, where political and institutional aspects play a key role. This article aims to contribute to overcoming these deficiencies by the theoretical foundation of how it should be Agroecology involved in politics. Family farming is the subject. It is through her that already develops agroecology, getting a transition from the model of traditional agriculture, which provides food security for an alternative model. First, it is argued that, as a socio-ecological construction, agro-ecosystems is the product of power relations. Secondly, it shows the close relationship that the dynamics of agro-ecosystems have with politics and therefore the important role they occupy in agroecological transition. Currently you can see that there is very little reflection on the politics of Agroecology. However, the range of agroecological movements and experiences that are held at different levels of both local and regional governments advise the development of political aspects of agro-ecological theory. Finally, a diagnosis attempted under the situation of global food system, in which the context of agroecological experiments must be developed.

With the theme arrangements for Brazilian municipalities in the field of public policy and education management from the late 1980s, this article is the result of bibliographic and documental study, seeks to map/describe the changes regarding the role of municipalities in the definition of public policies and management education in their territories, forged from the late 1980s to the early twenty-first century, particularly by the context of political liberalization; by the rules; by acts of the National Council of Education; for programs, projects and activities of federal governments; and actions of entities linked by the municipal education. The literature, the paper reports that in the history of Brazilian education, content of municipal autonomy does not remain uniform. In the late 1980s, education, municipalities experience assignments education system. In the 1990s, at least formally, the emphasis and technical guidance turn to the actual process of institutionalization of municipal systems of education / teaching and the need to address the efficiency of municipal systems. In the 2000s, continuing educational programs to support municipalities and is strengthened defense Contribution System, for the establishment of municipal systems of education/teaching. However, problems persist and historical weaknesses with the performance of these federal spheres institutionalization of municipal education and, therefore, to guarantee the right to education.

In Brazil the health idea arose in the late nineteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese crown to these lands. The relationship between health and community was based on the act of public cleaning and inspection of food as well as supervision of the commercial ports. The purpose of this article is to understand the impact that the creation of public health policies brought to society. For this it was necessary a political-historical approach to the process of formulating public health policies based on the redemption of periods of Brazilian history, to better understand the facts. At the end of the process it is understood that health policies in Brazil appear subordinated to political and economic interests, reflecting direct changes in their practices whenever a new form of power arises determining a new model to be followed.

State educational services suffered a plague of privatisation during the 1980s and 1990s, inspired by the neoliberal hegemony of the time. This article looks into what contribution education can make to the construction of an informed, and participative democracy. The teaching of science and technology needs to be based on principles of justice and equality, and, to ensure that all have equal opportunity to reach the highest levels, should be public, free and of high quality.

Neste texto pretendemos abordar criticamente algumas dimensões da configuração das políticas educacionais, no discurso neoliberal, tendo como foco de análise a pesquisa desenvolvida na UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA no final do século XX e inicio do século XXI. Na seqüência, apresentaremos algumas considerações gerais sobre como se constrói a retórica neoliberal no campo educacional. Nosso objetivo foi o de questionar a forma do Estado Neoliberal, pensar e projetar a política educacional na pesquisa acadêmica desenvolvida pela Universidade Pública. Finalizaremos destacando algumas das mais evidentes conseqüências dessa farsa rotulada pelo Banco Mundial, BIRD e FMI de Pedagogia da Inclusão (uma inclusão que exclui) promovida pelos discursos educacionais em prol da construção de uma cidadania outorgada! O caos educacional que estamos vivenciando possui lógica determinada pela Política Publica Educacional Internacional e Nacional. O que prevalece nesta era da irracionalidade é a sedimentação do padrão americano de pesquisa. A des-construçao da participação do intelectual na práxis social contribui para que a Academia perca sua identidade e contribua ainda mais para a reprodução da desigualdade social e afirmação da Pedagogia da Exclusão.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo trazer uma discussão teórica da Comunicação Pública e da Cidadania sob o viés da Economia Política da Comunicação, um campo que abrange questões relacionadas entre o mercado de comunicação, Estado e sociedade. A partir do conceito trabalhado por alguns estudiosos que ampliam as discussões sobre as temáticas é traçada uma definição de Comunicação Pública e Cidadania, posteriormente são elencadas pesquisas que aliam a lógica do público ao jornalismo diante de questões econômicas em meio aos produtos que circulam no espaço televisivo, levando em consideração a comunicação pública como um mecanismo de resistência na esfera comunicacional.

1ères lignes: In Italy, Spain and France, slums are far from being overcome, despite action taken by the competent authorities. When did they happen and how have they changed over the years? Who lives there? Have national and local policies in this regard had a positive impact or have they led to the continuation of the status quo? ; 1ères lignes : In Italia, in Spagna e in Francia le baraccopoli sono una realtà lontana dall'essere superata, nonostante gli interventi posti in essere da parte delle autorità competenti. Quando sono sorte e come sono cambiate nel corso degli anni? Chi vi abita? Le politiche nazionali e locali al riguardo hanno avuto un impatto positivo o hanno finito col perpetuare lo status quo?