Suchergebnisse

Warum sollen Menschen die Natur schützen? Soll die Natur in einem bestimmten Zustand erhalten werden oder ist ihrer Entwicklung freier Lauf zu lassen? Bedarf es heute einer neuen Ethik, um die Natur in den Mittelpunkt menschlicher Schutzbemühungen zu rücken oder reichen herkömmliche Begründungen aus? Wie hängen moralische Argumente für den Naturschutz und konkrete Schutzstrategien zusammen? Die bislang vorliegende philosophische Literatur ist wenig hilfreich für die Praxis: wegen ihrer großen Abstraktheit fehlen konkrete Bezüge weitgehend. Wer sich für das Thema Naturschutz und Ethik interessiert, kann sich nun mit der Arbeit von Eser/Potthast einen allgemeinverständlichen Überblick verschaffen. Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen der Ökologie und moralphilosophische Voraussetzungen des Naturschutzes werden hier praxisorientiert dargestellt und an konkreten Beispielen veranschaulicht; zentrale Begriffe und Fragestellungen werden in übersichtlichen Schaubildern erläutert. Der Band richtet sich an alle im Naturschutz Tätigen: sei es in Behörden, in Verbänden, in der Umweltpolitik oder in Naturschutzzentren. Er eignet sich vor allem aber auch hervorragend für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer der Biologie und Ethik.

The low level of representative power and political parties in Lithuanian public opinion inspired this analysisof political parties, as organizations using basic knowledge of management science. Understanding that voters areconsumers of political party's activities result, programs for election campaigns are considered as a main product ofpolitical parties' activity basing on the most popular contemporary understanding of political party. Basing on thefundamentals of management science a strategy of state development and persons prepared to implement thatstrategy in representative and governmental institutions are considered as a more valuable product of party activitiesin the article. Acquiring the power to govern a state for long enough period, when more than half of citizensparticipating in elections are oriented towards short term goals is considered as a paradox of democracy. Creationand popularizing a philosophy of political party, forming a field of main values in the state's life, serving as a basisfor strategy and short time election programs is considered as a mission of political parties in contemporaryLithuania enabling to overcome the paradox of democracy.

Report written by Byrnes and delivered at the 1989 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association.

Kept up to date by the office's L.C. classification--additions and changes, and by two publications issued by Gale Research Company entitled: Library of Congress classification schedules--a cumulation of additions and changes, and Library of Congress classification schedules combined with additions and changes. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; International audience In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; In social sciences, a law can be defined as a finding of certain regularities in the interrelationships between social facts. These regularities observed, and then validated by the experiment cited, make it possible to propose laws, even if they are not necessarily universal and permanent in nature, as in some cases in physical science. In line with this approach and applying the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, we propose two of the demography laws of politics, the number law and the differential law. By means of the experiment referred to, their veracity can be established. The geography of the population can therefore provide useful lessons for political science. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de ...

Includes index. ; Rev. ed. of: Classification. Class J. Political science / Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, Collections Services, Library of Congress. 2nd ed., 1991 revision. 1991. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article reports the results from a national survey directed to the department chairs of political science to assess the current and future state of distance learning in that discipline. The insights of this research are relevant to all social science fields and offer important insights to other academic disciplines as well. Key findings of the study include the low utilization of distance learning courses, a low degree of importance currently attributed to distance learning and modest expectations of future growth, ambivalent acceptance of a future role for distance learning, the common use of Internet-related technologies, low levels of faculty knowledge and interest about distance learning, limited institutional support, and serious doubts about the appropriateness and quality of instruction at a distance. We propose a model of the size and scope of distance learning as a function of three factors: the capacity of distance learning technologies, market demand, and faculty and university interest in distance learning. The article concludes with suggestions of critical areas for future research in this dynamic, fluid post-secondary environment.

Graduate study in political science is fascinating. However, it is a means to an end. During the period at which you are at ANU, you have the opportunity to develop your understanding of political science. I would like to suggest that you might also view this as a period of self-creation: as a period in which you develop yourselves, in interaction with the material that you are studying and your colleagues. But do not forget that, in the end, what you are developing is also a commodity which has to be brought to market. You don't get tenure for being a student. Rather, you will need, at the end of the day, to offer yourself to employers, whether in the university sector or elsewhere. This paper sets out some suggestions as to how you might set about this task, with integrity. You may view this either as a process in which you are engaged in self-development, or as one in which you acquire the ability to play a variety of roles or to wear a variety of masks, so that - when it matters, and if you so wish - you will be able to do what is required of you. I should at once make two points. First, what follows is an overview of various suggestions as to things that graduate students might do, rather than a check-list of everything that they need to do. I cannot imagine anyone doing all that I am suggesting; and there is a risk that if they tried to do so, they might not get a good quality thesis written on time - which is crucial. Second, the suggestions that I am making are not about how to misrepresent yourself on the job market. Rather, they are suggestions as to how you might develop yourself, during your period as a graduate student, so that you become the kind of scholar whom people want to hire.

2 páginas.-- A Commentary on Giovanni Sartori. ; In his reflections on "Where is Political Science Going?," professor Sartori brightly points out some present flaws in the discipline: too much empiricism and too little applied research. At attacking "American-type" political science, however, I think he chooses a mistaken enemy. I will hold, in contrast, that the main source of the mentioned flaws is the weakness of political theory. ; Peer reviewed

I believe that to analyze the key issues of graduate education in political science we have to begin with the basic intellectual issues of our discipline. This mini-essay begins, therefore, with a discussion of fundamental divisions in the discipline, then turns to observations about how these divisions affect graduate programs.

On-line discussion, while promising in theory, often turns out to be disappointing in application. Low levels of student participation are a particularly vexing and common problem. I argue that to overcome these chronic problems, instructors must recognize the collective action problems inherent in on-line discussion and address them, primarily through the use of selective incentives. I test this contention using on-line experiments conducted on undergraduate political science students. The results of the experiments provide evidence of an underlying free-rider problem and support for the contention that selective incentives are an effective means of overcoming this problem. In another level of analysis, the experiment also shows that even basic student-to-student on-line discussion can be an effective teaching tool, rivaling the effectiveness of more costly traditional web sites.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 403-415) and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

One of the major fallacies of Western civilization, according to Alfred North Whitehead,' was the propensity of Western thinkers to assume that ideas generated within their intellectual landscape were indicative of reality itself. Although some phases of Western science, notably physics and philosophy, have transcended their parochial origins, aspects of the old medieval synthesis still remain in the Western worldview. The gradual fragmentation of the old categories of natural history and theology into the isolated sciences and disciplines of today has produced a myriad of separate bodies of knowledge complete with their professional priesthoods and has allowed considerable slippage in the ability of the Western scientific paradigm to generate adequate explanations for the multitude of problems we face as a society.

Bibliography: pages 209-218. ; The intention of this dissertation is to clarify the psychological processes and effects which operate in the political detention situation, and to outline effective treatment and coping strategies. An overview of research literature and theory is provided, and the importance of viewing detention within a broad socio-political context is emphasised. In the analysis of the detention situation a number of variables likely to be operative are considered. Solitary confinement, torture, interrogation, reactions to severe stress situations, and uncertainty, unpredictability and uncontrollability are given separate discussion, prior to an at tempt to con sider the interaction of these variables in the detention situation. This projected picture is compared with case material gathered in the area. It is noted that political detention is not a uniform experience with a uniform set of effects. Rather, the effects are seen to be dependent on the particular differences in response. Nevertheless, political detention is shown to be commonly both objectively and subjectively severely stressful, with a strong likelihood of the detainee developing debilitating psychological sequelae. Post-traumatic stress disorder appears to be commonly implicated, and symptoms may persist for many years. Family and community members and organisations to which the detainee belongs suffer not only the effects of the loss of that person, but also the problems of effectively helping him or her to reintegrate. It is shown that detainees have commonly drawn on a number of resources or strategies to counteract the potentially debilitating effects of detention. The importance of prior preparation for the detention experience to facilitate an accurate appraisal of the situation and better coping is emphasized. Useful strategies that may be learned or fostered are outlined. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment that acknowledges all of the difficulties and needs particular to any specific ex-detainee, and that draws on as broad a range of available supports as possible, is stressed. Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, medication where necessary and family involvement are recommended. It is shown that much may be learned from Canadian and European units that rehabilitate victims of torture - mainly from South American countries: but that strategies need to be adapted to South African conditions.

International audience ; In social sciences, laws result from interrelationships between social facts that can be frequently observed. These laws are not universal as they can be in physical sciences. However, once observed and experimented, regular events can lead to the recognition of laws. This is what we propose to do, following the principles of Claude Bernard's experimental method, in order to deal with two demogeographic laws of politics : the law of number and the law of differential. Hence we will see how useful for political science population geography can be. ; Dans les sciences sociales, une loi peut se définir comme le constat de certaines régularités dans les interrelations entre les faits sociaux. Ces régularités observées, puis validées par l'expérimentation invoquée, permettent de proposer des lois, même si ces dernières n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère universel et pérenne, comme parfois en science physique. Conformément à cette démarche et appliquant les principes de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard, nous proposons deux des lois démogéographiques de la politique, la loi du nombre et la loi du différentiel. Par l'expérimentation invoquée, leur véracité peut être établie. La géographie de la population peut donc apporter des enseignements utiles à la science politique.