Suchergebnisse

2.6 ShrnutíCvičení; Kapitola 3 Presupozice; 3.1 Projevy presupozice; 3.2 Vlastnosti presupozice; 3.3 Analýzy; 3.4 Shrnutí; Cvičení; Kapitola 4 Řečové akty; 4.1 Performativy versus konstativy; 4.2 Austinovy podmínky úspěšnosti performativů; 4.3 Lokuční, ilokuční a perlokuční akty; 4.4 Searlovy podmínky úspěšnosti řečových aktů; 4.5 Searlova typologie řečových aktů; 4.6 Nepřímé řečové akty; 4.7 Řečové akty a kultura; 4.8 Shrnutí; Cvičení; Kapitola 5 Deixe; 5.1 Předběžné poznámky; 5.2 Základní kategorie deixe; 5.3 Další kategorie deixe; 5.4 Shrnutí; Cvičení; Kapitola 6 Reference

Obálka; Obsah; Poděkování; Kapitola 1: Deník "vlastního Boha": Etty Hillesum; Kapitola 2: Návrat bohů a krize evropské moderny; Kapitola 3: Tolerance a násilí: dvě tváře náboženství; Kapitola 4: Hereze neboli vynález "vlastního Boha"; Kapitola 5: Lest vedlejších důsledků: pět modelů zcivilizování konfliktů světových náboženství; Kapitola 6: Mír namísto pravdy? Možná budoucnost náboženství ve světové rizikové společnosti; Doslov k českému vydání: Moc bezmocného Boha

Using the case of the Lebanese movement Hezbollah, the article deals with the phenomenon of the governance of non-state armed groups in failing states and the conditions for its emergence. It argues that one of the key requirements for the emergence and long-term preservation of a non-state armed group's authority is its fulfillment of functions usually associated with the state (such as the provision of security, public goods and services and the legitimation of its authority) that the failing state is not able to provide. The study specifically shows how Hezbollah is able to substitute for or complement the Lebanese state in each of its functions and consecutively use the wide network of its governance institutions for strengthening its political authority. As a result of Hezbollah's practices and strategies of governance, the forms of political control of the territory are being gradually changed and hybridized. Adapted from the source document.

The paper presents a wide spectrum of the existing theories of sociology, law & political science dealing with the discretion of officials in public & social policy. Concretely, the paper focuses on three different ways of how to understand the existence of discretion (definition perspective), its functions (role perspective), & its use by officials at the state & local levels (structural perspective). These perspectives are presented in order to identify factors that determine officials' discretion & to grasp the concept of discretion as a tool that reveals the limits of officials' behavior. In the end the paper summarizes the constituent factors determining public officials' discretion. 42 References. Adapted from the source document.

Teachings of economic policy were present at the VSE from its inception in 1953 needless to say that most activities were highly influenced by the ruling political climate. Despite all limitations there were some achievements of value, esp. works of prof. Olsovsky and his team in 50s and early 60s. Till the economic reform of Ota Sik was real engagement people from the VSE in economic policy limited (Kurt Rozsypal arrived to the VSE years after his reform was already enacted). 70s were again years of high political influence characterized by creation of Institute of Marxism-Leninism where consisting of all original social science departments 80s were characterized by the hidden duality of teaching when dominating teachings of political economy of socialism was supplemented by teachings of political economy of capitalism mostly in a guise of history of economic theories. In 90s a full renaissance of economic policy as a subject followed. Adapted from the source document.

This article puts forward the concept of street-level bureaucrats and their role in public policy in its full complexity. In the first two parts the authors define street-level bureaucrats and the roots of the basic ideologies that determine their behaviour (principles of bureaucracy, professionalism, bureau-professionalism and managerialism). They draw on previous analytical
studies they conducted on this theme and present the latest empirical findings on the behavior of street-level bureaucrats who work with unemployed people. In this way they try to demonstrate the importance of principles of bureaucracy, professionalism, and bureau-professionalism in contemporary public policy.

This article analyses social policy in the programs of the relevant political parties. Right-wing political parties have profiled themselves as the main bearers of social reform. The pace of social reform started to drop in the second half of the nineties with a complete break down between 1997 & 1998. The political & voting programs of right-wing political parties have been the main source for this research. Adapted from the source document.

EU programme documents designed to influence the social policies of the member states are filled with concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. This paper aims to clarify these concepts as they are employed in academic and public policy discourse and to discuss the societal function of this discourse and the impact of the European agenda of social inclusion. The authors show that although concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion are far from straightforward in meaning, their influence on public policy discourse and agenda is evident. The reason is that they redirect social policy towards a multidimensional approach, towards balancing rights and obligations, and towards more complex but also local and individualised policies, though the corresponding discourse bears the normative features of a social 'vision'. The EU's social policy agenda exhibits aspirations towards and some potential for achieving real policy change. On the other hand, there are reservations about its true impact. In this respect, the specifi c societal and political context of its implementation plays a crucial role.

The Individual Action Plan (IAP) is an Active Labour Market Policy measure that should be used by local public employment service offices. It is an active & preventive tool targeted at the young & long-term unemployed. In this paper we focus on identifying both its officially prescribed goals at the supranational & national level & on its real operational goals at the local level in the case of the Czech Republic. Identically to other EU states, we observe a high level of goal modification (i.e. regional policy discretion) in the Czech Republic. The results of the research are: (1) a typology of IAP's operational (& related individual access) goals, & (2) the observation that the IAP in the Czech Republic is modified due to a particular bureaucratic & professional approach. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

A phenomenon of globalization of world economy leads to diminishing of the borders between states. There is an important role of international trade in this process, which appears in much more heterogeneous forms than in the past. While the classical theory of foreign trade basically assumed commodity trade with the final products, due to fragmentation of production chains the major part of trade is performed with intermediate goods and also the trade in services becomes more and more dynamic. Increasing volume of the trade between countries is carried out without changing the ownership of traded goods, and vice versa -- changing the ownership of goods without crossing the border of the country. There is important role of multinational enterprises, which are currently behind most of the economic operations. The major implication of these phenomena is increasingly difficult possibility to capture the statistical data correctly and therefore to obtain objective data on the behaviour of the economy for analytical purposes and economic policy. Adapted from the source document.

Using data from the representative survey Housing Attitudes 2001 the author analyses the opinions of the Czech population on the situation in the housing market & general attitudes towards housing-related issues & housing policy. The article focuses on uncovering the connections between attitudes towards various aspects of housing policy & the respondents' positions in the housing market. On the basis of the results of the analyses the usefulness of the theory of 'housing classes' in the Czech context is discussed.

The Czech Republic is going to face ageing of its population. It will affect the economy in many ways. The pension system is one of them. This paper provides a view on possibilities how to insure long-term stability of the pension system in the Czech Republic using a mix of pay-as-you-go & fully funded system. Simulations are based on OLG model, long-term demographic forecast & limits of fiscal policy stemming from the necessity to fulfill Maastricht criteria & The Stability & Growth Pact. Those obligations creates a frontier for plausible solutions. Results suggest that it is possible to find a solution for mixed system providing more favorable conditions than purely parametric changes of PAYG. Taking into account fiscal limits, the contribution rate to the FF pillar would be similar to the rates in other CEE countries where pension reform already started. Tables, Figures. Adapted from the source document.