Suchergebnisse

ARE INDIVIDUALS LIKELY TO HAVE POLITICAL BELIEF SYSTEMS WHICH ALLOW THEM TO BEHAVE IN WAYS CONSISTENT WITH THEIR NEEDS FOR POWER, AFFILIATION, AND ACHIEVEMENT? THIS QUESTION IS EXPLORED BY RE-ANALYZING HOLSTI'S TYPOLOGY OF OPERATIONAL CODE BELIEF SYSTEMS. AN EXAMINATION OF POINTS OF CONSENSUS AND DISSENSUS AMONG THE TYPES INDICATES THAT HOLSTI'S SIX-FOLD TYPOLOGY CAN BE COLLASPED INTO FOUR TYPES WITHOUT MUCH LOSS OF DISTINCTION AMONG BELIEF SYSTEMS. A TAT MOTIVATIONAL IMAGERY ANALYSIS OF THESE SYSTEMS REVEALS THAT THE POWER MOTIVE DOMINATES FOUR OF THE TYPES; THE AFFILIATION MOTIVE DOMINATES A FIFTH TYPE; AND THE ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE IS STRONG IN THE SIXTH TYPE. THE RESULTS SUPPORT AND REFINE HOLSTI'S CONTENTION THAT HIS TYPOLOGY IDENTIFIES BELIEF SYSTEMS, AND THEY SUGGEST POTENTIALLY INTERESTING LINKAGES AMONG NEEDS, BELIEFS AND DECISION-MAKING BEHAVIOR.

THE AMERICAN VOTER PUBLISHED 1956 DATA SHOWING MALES TO BE MORE LIKELY THAN FEMALES TO CONCEPTUALIZE POLITICS IN ABSTRACT TERMS. THIS ARTICLE EXTENDS THAT ANALYSIS THROUGH 1980, USING DATA FROM THE CPS NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES. THE AGGREGATE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CONCEPTUALIZATION PERSIST THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PERIOD. CONTROLS FOR EDUCATION AND POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT FAIL TO DIMINISH THE GENDER GAP IN CONCEPTUALIZATION. HOWEVER, FOR THE 1972 TO 1980 PERIOD, CONTROLLING FOR WOMEN'S SEX-ROLE ORIENTATIONS SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN CONCEPTUALIZATION.

THIS ARTICLE PROBES THE ELECTORAL SUPPORT ENJOYED BY THE THATCHER GOVERNMENT. IT USES 1983 NATIONAL SURVEY DATA TO DELINEATE THE DISTRIBUTION, DIMENSIONS AND CORRELATES OF POLITICALECONOMIC BELIEFS CENTRAL TO THE IDEOLOGICAL DEBATE THAT HAS DOMINATED BRITISH POLITICS UNDER "THATCHERISM". THE ANALYSIS EXAMINES VOTERS VIEWS ON GOVERNMENT'S ABILITY TO MANAGE THE MACROECONOMY AND ACHIEVE VARIOUS POLICY OBJECTIVES. THE RESULTS SUGGEST LIMITS TO MRS. THATCHER'S NEO-LIBERAL IDEOLOGICAL APPEAL. BELIEFS THAT GOVERNMENT CAN OPERATE EFFECTIVELY IN A BROAD RANGE OF POLICY AREAS REMAIN WIDESPREAD. WHETHER MRS. THATCHER WILL ACHIEVE GREATER SUCCESS IN THE FUTURE IN REORIENTING PUBLIC THINKING ABOUT THE PROPER ROLE OF GOVERNMENT REMAINS TO BE SEEN.

THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO OBSERVE MEDIA EFFECTS ON THE POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR, AND INTEREST OF THE JAPANESE YOUNGER GENERATION. EMPLOYING A SAMPLE COLLECTED FROM MORE THAN 1100 STUDENTS IN FOUR UNIVERSITIES IN JAPAN, THE DISCUSSION FOCUSES ON MEASURING EXPOSURE, ATTENTION TO AND RELIANCE ON NEWSPAPER AND TELEVISION SEPARATELY; THIS ENABLES ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN ASSOCIATIONS RELATED TO SPECIFIC MEDIA IN COMPARISON TO OTHERS REGARDING POLITICAL COGNITION AND INTEREST. THE FINDINGS SHOW THAT, MORE THAN TELEVISION VARIABLES, ATTENTION AND EXPOSURE TO PRINT MEDIA ARE THE STRONGEST PREDICTORS OF KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOR, AND INTEREST AMONG JAPANESE STUDENTS.

The relationship between beliefs about human nature & political opinions, partisanship, & activism was investigated in face-to-face interviews with 359 members of the 1981 quota sample of the voting-age population of the Memphis, Tenn, SMSA. Questions from various attitude scales tapped Rs' proclivity toward economic, racial, & moral conservatism, party identification, & political activism; & a revised version of L. S. Wrightman's philosophies of human nature scales (Assumptions about Human Nature: A Social-Psychological Approach, Monterrey, Calif: Brooks/Cole, 1974) assessed their views on human tendencies toward dishonesty, internal locus of control, altruism, complexity, & variability. Canonical analysis reveals that beliefs about human nature were indeed significantly related to political orientations, & that these linkages were multiple, complex, & somewhat contradictory. 4 Tables, 37 References. Modified HA

FOUR CONFLICTING INTERPRETATIONS HAVE EMERGED REGARDING THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION'S WORLDVIEW AND ITS IMPACT ON FOREIGN POLICY. THE FIELD OF POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY IS PARTICULARLY HELPFUL IN CLARIFYING THESE DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS AND ADDRESSING THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE FOREIGN POLICY BELIEFS OF THE ADMINISTRATION. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELIEFS IS BASED ON A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC STATEMENTS MADE BY THE PRESIDENT, THE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR, AND THE SECRETARY OF STATE THROUGHOUT THEIR FOUR YEARS IN OFFICE. THE STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION INITIALLY HAD AN OPTIMISTIC WORLDVIEW WHICH WAS SHARED BY THE PRINCIPAL POLICYMAKERS, BUT THAT A DRAMATIC REVERSAL OF ITS COLLECTIVE IMAGE TOOK PLACE OVER TIME, REFLECTING THE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE IMAGES OF THE INDIVIDUAL POLICYMAKERS. THIS IS EXPLAINED BY EXAMINING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES, THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC FORCES ON JIMMY CARTER, ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI, AND CYRUS VANCE.

THIS IS A STUDY OF THE LEVELS AND ORIGINS OF POLITICAL TOLERANCE USING A SAMPLE OF 10- TO 17-YEAR-OLD WISCONSIN PREADULTS AND THEIR PARENTS. THE RESPONDENTS WERE INTERVIEWED BY TELEPHONE THREE TIMES FROM EARLY 1980 TO LATE 1981. IN GENERAL, POLITICAL TOLERANCE WAS LOW, BOTH FOR PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN. THE PREADULTS, HOWEVER, EXHIBITED GREATER POLITICAL TOLERANCE THAN DID THEIR PARENTS. INDEED, THEY SHOWED AN AGE-RELATED DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OPPOSITE TO THAT OF ADULTS. FOR TOLERATION OF COMMUNISTS AND OF RACISTS THERE WERE ROUGHLY THE SAME PATTERNS, BUT WITH SOME INTERESTING DIFFERENCES. THERE WERE SMALL, BUT SIGNIFICANT, PARENT AND CHILD CORRESPONDENCES. FAMILIAL INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS HAVE AN INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE IN CHILDREN. MASS-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, HOWEVER, IS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO INSTILLING TOLERANT VALUES IN CHILDREN, ALTHOUGH IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ADULTS.

THE AUTHORS OF THIS ARTICLE FORMULATE A MODEL TO EXPLAIN POLITICAL APATHY AMONG LOWER-CLASS PEOPLE IN THE NETHERLANDS DURING THE MID-80S. THEY ALSO SPECULATE ON AND FORMULATE AN EXPLANATORY MODEL ON THE MOTIVES OF THOSE WHO, DURING THIS PERIOD, WERE STILL INCLINED TOWARD POLITICAL BEHAVIOR, NOTABLY TOWARD RADICAL ACTIVITIES. THE MODELS ARE TESTE WITH DATA GATHERED IN THE NETHERLANDS IN 1985. THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES INDICATE THAT BEING A MEMBER OF A DEPRIVED CLASS INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF BEING MORE ANOMIC. IN TURN, ANOMIE BRINGS ABOUT POLITICAL APATHY. THE ANALYSES FURTHER SUGGEST THAT PERSONS WHO GIVE PRIORITY TO SO-CALLED POST-MATERIALISTIC VALUES ARE MORE PRONE TO RADICAL POLITICAL BEHAVIOR THAN OTHERS.

(For Part I see SA 37:1/89U3083.) A claim is made that the concept of ideology unraveled after the publication of The End of Ideology (Bell, Daniel; see SA 9:5/61A1008). China under Deng Xiaoping & the USSR under Mikhail Gorbachev are discussed as displaying similar disenchantments, & new policies in both countries are said to have similar goals. The "widening gyre of passional discourse" has left the term ideology without the conceptual clarity that it presumably had in the past. A. Waters