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Changes in family functioning are complex, especially when there is a parental life pattern of self-defeating behavior with few nurturant and stimulating resources

Robert Dahl argued that individuals living in a democracy can find better alternatives to meet basic needs such as food, health, education and housing. However, there are two assumptions that cast doubt on this hypothesis. First, democracies are usually developed in more unequal contexts. Second, on democracy, inequality can generate higher levels of poverty. By applying multiple linear regressions and instrumental-variables regressions, it was found that, in a democracy, both the context and citizens could influence on decreasing poverty levels. Procedural elements are essential to generate better contexts and citizens, through different types of participation, can influence the government to offer better public policies, especially those related to poverty levels. Higher citizen participation levels and with better procedural elements, individuals could perceive that their democracy is of higher quality and they would support more this type of regime. In the analysis also it was found that per capita income level is an important indicator of efficiency of citizen participation because political action is only efficient in rich democracies. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n3s1p491

This research is Library Research by using secondary data obtained and seeks to determine and analyze the factors that affect poverty in West Kutai regency, the analysis tool is use Path Analysis. Conclusion of the research results are as follows: (1) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and the Growth of Government expenditure jointly direct and significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Kutai regency, (2 ) Workforce dominant influence on the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Kutai regency, (3) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and Output Growth Government jointly direct and significant effect on the amount of Poor Population in West Kutai regency, (4) Workforce dominant influence on the amount of Poor People in West Kutai regency, (5) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and the Growth of Government influence indirectly through the Human Development Index (HDI) of the total poor population in West Kutai.

In this research, the authors analyze the behavior of the economy in Mexico during the years in which neoliberal ideas have dominated government policies and their relationship with poverty and migration. The study of the evolution of the growth of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) shows that from 1980 there is a significant fall in its annual performance, but even more if we observe how the real GDP per capita evolves, the one that would translate into better living conditions and does not get to improve the standard of living of the great majorities. The lack of growth in real income per inhabitant has not only translated into poverty but has been accompanied by a high concentration of income in a small percentage of the richest people in the country, and it has become a real poverty trap for Mexico. Our working hypothesis is that the variations in the levels of poverty have been due in a greater extent to the increasing income of remittances than to the assistance programs established by the government of our country.

Fiscal policy is an inseparable part of macroeconomic policy both in the short and long term. Fiscal policy is set to achieve economic growth. The policy of opening faucets and stimulating the investment climate is expected to be able to create job opportunities which in turn increase income, thereby reducing poverty Expansive policy also means that government spending aims at infrastructure development and labor-intensive projects that will reduce unemployment and poverty in Maluku Although government capital expenditures continue to increase, economic growth in several districts / cities has not shown the same level of economic growth. This study measures two variables, namely Government Investment and Government Consumption. To identify it, an analysis was carried out using the linear regression method with the type of panel data. The regression results found that government investment has a very positive and significant effect with a siginfikansi level of 0.04 on the poverty level in Maluku while for the Government consumption variable, it also has a positive and significant effect of 0.03 on poverty.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the most important determinants of monetary poverty (at the macro-level) in the European Union, taking into account the effects of regional spillovers. Regression analyses of spatial data in the period 2007-2009, i.e. the pre-crisis and crisis years are performed in order to compare the size of the impact of the selected variables on poverty levels. In the study, a spatial Durbin model (SDM) is employed and the sample includes 187 EU regions. In order to quantify the impacts of the explanatory variables, scalar summary measures are used (the average direct impacts, as well as the indirect and total impacts of income, are negative).