Suchergebnisse

The market value of crustaceans depreciates during storage due to the appearance of melanosis caused by polyphenol oxidases. Sulfite derivatives are used as melanosis-inhibiting agents, but their unhealthy effects make it preferable to replace them with natural preservatives. In this work, a crude enzymatic extract from whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was characterized and used to test the diphenol oxidase-inhibiting activity of polyphenol extracts of five underutilized halophyte plants, namely crystalline ice plant, seaside arrowgrass, purslane, sea fennel, and seashore aster. The extracts inhibited diphenol oxidase activity more efficiently than sodium sulfite. The purslane extract was rich in isoorientins, isovitexin, and apigenin, and showed the highest inhibiting effect, being this classified as mixed or non-competitive. Hydroxyl groups in the phenyl B ring could be responsible for the inhibitory activity of the extract. The polyphenol extracts tested in this work could be promising melanosis-inhibiting agents of interest for seafood industries. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project (grant number AGL2014-52825-R) and cofounded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund). Author A. Tzamourani was funded by the Erasmus Program. ; Peer reviewed

This special issue of Medical Care Research and Review features articles developed for a national conference on performance measurement in preferred provider organizations (PPOs). The conference, "PPO Performance Measurement: Agenda for the Future," was held March 15-16, 2001, in Washington, D.C. It brought together various stake-holders—industry representatives, consumers, purchasers, and regulators—to discuss the state of PPO performance reporting and develop a strategy for future directions. These articles provided the background for an informed dialogue. The American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (URAC), the Consumer Coalition for Quality HealthCare, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance cosponsored the conference with a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to URAC.

This special issue of Medical Care Research and Review features articles developed for a national conference on performance measurement in preferred provider organizations (PPOs). The conference, "PPO Performance Measurement: Agenda for the Future," was held March 15-16, 2001, in Washington, D.C. It brought together various stake-holders—industry representatives, consumers, purchasers, and regulators—to discuss the state of PPO performance reporting and develop a strategy for future directions. These articles provided the background for an informed dialogue. The American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (URAC), the Consumer Coalition for Quality HealthCare, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance cosponsored the conference with a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to URAC.

This article compares preferred provider organization (PPO) and health maintenance organization (HMO) performance on the utilization of and consumer satisfaction with preventive care. Surveys were conducted of California health plans, employers, and the insured population collected between 1996 and 1999. The authors found that PPOs were less likely than HMOs to cover some types of preventive care. PPO enrollees were less likely than HMO enrollees to receive blood pressure and mammography screenings or preventive counseling on gun safety, smoking, and sexually transmitted disease or HIV prevention. PPO enrollees were less satisfied with preventive care than HMOsenrollees. The authors concluded that there are significant differences between the rates at which preventive care is delivered in PPOs and HMOs, which can be understood in the context of PPO benefit plan design, and differences in their structural and financial characteristics. This suggests specific strategies through which it might be possible to improve preventive health care and promote population health among employees enrolled in PPOs.

This article compares preferred provider organization (PPO) and health maintenance organization (HMO) performance on the utilization of and consumer satisfaction with preventive care. Surveys were conducted of California health plans, employers, and the insured population collected between 1996 and 1999. The authors found that PPOs were less likely than HMOs to cover some types of preventive care. PPO enrollees were less likely than HMO enrollees to receive blood pressure and mammography screenings or preventive counseling on gun safety, smoking, and sexually transmitted disease or HIV prevention. PPO enrollees were less satisfied with preventive care than HMOs enrollees. The authors concluded that there are significant differences between the rates at which preventive care is delivered in PPOs and HMOs, which can be understood in the context of PPO benefit plan design, and differences in their structural and financial characteristics. This suggests specific strategies through which it might be possible to improve preventive health care and promote population health among employees enrolled in PPOs.

Previous research on the Repression-Sensitization (R-S) Scale found that repressors gave fewer sexual associations than sensitizers on a double entendre word association task. That difference, however, may have been due either to differential familiarity, or external, social inhibition,
rather than to internal, cognitive defense processes. In the present experiment, male sensitizers, neutrals, and repressors performed an identification task and an association task with word lists containing double entendres. They received one of three instruction sets, designed either to
facilitate, inhibit, or disregard the possible sexual associations. The identification task results failed to support the familiarity hypothesis. The association task results suggested that repressors are more responsive to external, social inhibition cues than are either sensitizers or neutrals.