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AbstractOne of the most debated issues in modern macroeconomics relates to the behaviour of private consumption in response to an increase in government spending. Recent empirical studies have found a positive relationship between these two macroeconomic fundamentals. However, such a finding cannot be easily reconciled with simple real business cycle models. In this paper, we develop and estimate a new Keynesian model that is able to predict a rise in consumption in response to an increase in productive public spending. We show the two key elements that lead to a statistically significant positive reaction of private consumption, thereby creating consumption present‐value multipliers, are: (i) a productive component in public spending and (ii) nominal rigidities. Our key results remain valid to various robustness checks that include a sub‐sample analysis examining the pre‐Great Recession period and a sensitivity analysis on the structural, fiscal and monetary policy parameters of the model.

In last few decades, the study of the relationship between the real government consumption and rea.· private consumption has attracted the attention of many economists and policy makers. Keynesians, or the one hand, holds that government spending has a positive or expansionary effect on privat£ spending; neo-c/assicals, on the other hand, argue that government spending crowds out privat£ spending. The supporters of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis advocate for no effect of govern mer.= spending on private spending. In the existence of this paradoxical evidence, this paper attempts t: investigate the dynamics of the interaction among government and private consumption in India fo • the period 1960-61 to 2008-09. Using the Cointegration test and error correction model, the study add: the literature the evidence in support of the long-run equilibrium relationship among variables. Tr:: causality test in the error correction model indicates that there exists a unidirectional cause relationship which runs from private consumption expenditure to government consumptio· expenditure in the long-run. However, the Granger causality test indicates that there is no short-n. - causality between them.

This study considers the effects of fiscal policy on private consumption in a framework that encompasses both the conventional (Keynesian) view of fiscal policy and the Ricardian debt neutrality hypothesis.The model is built on Blanchard's stochastic model of intertemporal optimization with finitely lived consumers.As an extension to the basic framework, public consumption is explicitly incorporated in the model.The model also nests the excess sensitivity hypothesis enabling an investigation of the role of current income in consumption.The empirical analysis is based on annual data from ten EU countries covering the years 1961-1994 and uses the nonlinear instrumental variable GMM estimator both in countryspecific and panel estimations.The tests clearly reject Ricardian debt neutrality for the majority of countries in the sample.The deviations from Ricardian neutrality seem to arise from excess sensitivity of consumption to current income rather than from a finite planning horizon on the part of consumers.The results also suggest that in consumers' utility functions, government consumption and private consumption tend to be unrelated or complements rather than substitutes.

The aim of this paper is to study consumption of households from an economic and cultural perspective in the European Union with 28 Member States during the period 2010-2019. For this purpose, we compared the Eastern European countries, dominated by rapid economic growth and development with the Western European countries, which represent the most developed countries in the EU-28. From this perspective, we proposed a multidimensional analysis of consumption that includes macroeconomic indicators of households' wealth, which strongly influence their consumption together with an overview on expenditure by consumption purpose. Moreover, we have also considered Hofstede's cultural dimension theory based initially on four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and uncertainty avoidance) to observe the impact national culture plays on households' consumption in Eastern and Western European countries tracking the historical changes of these countries. Our methodological approach consisted in descriptive and inferential statistics based on the selected economic and cultural indicators. Pearson's product-moment correlations were calculated to assess the correlations between the variables. Our analysis shows that the level of wealth is lower in Eastern European countries compared to Western Europe, which influences significantly the private consumption in these countries. Moreover, the systematic differences of national culture between Eastern and Western Europe influence strongly the private consumption of their population. Results of this paper indicate that in Eastern European countries the highest share of expenditure is allocated to primary needs such as food, non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes to the detriment of health, education, recreation and culture.

This paper empirically studies the effects of fiscal policy shocks on private consumption. Further, it tries to determine if the initial conditions of the economy, such as the financing needs of the government or previous fiscal deficits, affect that relationship. We use yearly data between 1970 and 2000 for forty countries, of which 19 are industrialized and 21 are developing countries. In general, the estimation results seem to indicate that government consumption shocks have Keynesian effects for both industrial and developing countries. In the case of tax shocks, the evidence is mixed. Furthermore, there is no evidence that favor the hypothesis of expansionary fiscal consolidations.

O presente estudo analisa a relação entre gasto público e consumo privado no Brasil através de um modelo VAR com parâmetros variantes no tempo e volatilidade estocástica, estimado com simulação bayesiana para o período 1996:T1–2014:T2. Nossos resultados revelam que a política fiscal é de fato efetiva para estimular o PIB e o consumo privado, caracterizando a presenção de multiplicadores keynesianos positivos. Porém, tais efeitos positivos apenas são sustentados no curtíssimo-prazo. Além disso, a volatilidade estocástica se reduziu a partir de 2000, revelando um ambiente macroeconômico mais sólido após a adoç ; This paper analyzes the relationship between government spending and private consumption in Brazil through an application of a VAR with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, estimated with Bayesian simulation over the 1996:Q1–2014:Q2 period. The findings reveal that fiscal policy is indeed effective in stimulating GDP and private consumption, which characterizes the presence of positive Keynesian multipliers. However, these positive effects are only sustained on the short-run. Also, stochastic volatility seems to have decreased from 2000 onwards, suggesting that Brazil has steadily improved itsmacroeconomic stability after the adoption of the inflation-targeting framework and the Fiscal Responsibility Law.