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PTA BANK: AfDB Investment
In: Africa research bulletin. Economic, financial and technical series, Volume 50, Issue 9
ISSN: 1467-6346
Containing the PTA Wildfire
In: China, Asia, and the New World Economy, p. 113-144
PTA BANK: Regional office in Mauritius
In: Africa research bulletin. Economic, financial and technical series, Volume 50, Issue 7
ISSN: 1467-6346
KENYA: PTA Bank Raises Loan
In: Africa research bulletin. Economic, financial and technical series, Volume 49, Issue 10
ISSN: 1467-6346
Does the PTA prevent terrorism?
In: Labour research, Volume 79, Issue Aug 90
ISSN: 0023-7000
The Politics of the PTA
In: The Journal of social, political and economic studies, Volume 28, Issue 1, p. 115-116
ISSN: 0278-839X, 0193-5941
Bangladesh Bhutan PTA: Less is More?
In: South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business Article 7 (2021), https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/scjilb/vol18/iss1/7>
SSRN
ASEAN's Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA) Strategy
In: Journal of current Southeast Asian affairs, Volume 30, Issue 2, p. 31-64
ISSN: 1868-4882
This paper provides a diversification explanation in order understand the development of PTAs in Southeast Asia. I argue that an important reason why ASEAN states participate in PTAs has been to diversify existing trade ties and to reduce overdependence on a narrow range of export markets. Southeast Asian countries have formed PTAs with markets with which they had weak or unexplored economic relations, as demonstrated by three case analyses: the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) and the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (AJCEP). To maximise the economic gains and the diversification effects of PTA participation, ASEAN countries have pursued a strategy of strengthening economic unity while keeping external economic linkages as diversified as possible. Although East Asia, and especially China, was an important alternative market to reduce ASEAN's dependence on trade with America, ASEAN countries have also pursued PTAs with a number of other trading partners. This paper explains how PTAs have helped ASEAN states to develop more policy autonomy in their trading environment.
ASEAN's preferential trade agreements (PTA) strategy
In: Journal of current Southeast Asian affairs, Volume 30, Issue 2, p. 31-64
ISSN: 1868-1034
This paper provides a diversification explanation in order understand the development of PTAs in Southeast Asia. I argue that an important reason why ASEAN states participate in PTAs has been to diversify existing trade ties and to reduce overdependence on a narrow range of export markets. Southeast Asian countries have formed PTAs with markets with which they had weak or unexplored economic relations, as demonstrated by three case analyses: the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) and the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (AJCEP). To maximise the economic gains and the diversification effects of PTA participation, ASEAN countries have pursued a strategy of strengthening economic unity while keeping external economic linkages as diversified as possible. Although East Asia, and especially China, was an important alternative market to reduce ASEAN's dependence on trade with America, ASEAN countries have also pursued PTAs with a number of other trading partners. This paper explains how PTAs have helped ASEAN states to develop more policy autonomy in their trading environment. (JCSA/GIGA)
World Affairs Online
World Affairs Online