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In an era of citizens' discontentment on democratic institutions, parliaments as a democratic cornerstone, are constantly striving to create alluring services taking, at the same time, into account the difficulty of achieving accessibility and transparency in citizens' e-participation. At the same time, the evolution of ICT tools presents opportunities to revamp the traditional character, functions and services of parliaments worldwide, giving rise to new capabilities and opportunities that can transform their political and social role. An e-enabled parliament can not only offer flexibility in parliamentary proceedings and facilitate the work of its members, but also strive for the inclusion of citizens, without annulling the representative character of the institution. In this paper, we present an initial overview of the characteristics of modern parliaments, recording existing service offerings and proposing a stakeholder-based categorization, with specific categories that can best accommodate explicit and active citizen participation within parliamentary functions. A number of existing citizen deliberation applications and research projects are highlighted as potential candidates for deploying novel extrovert parliament-to-citizen services, focused directly on citizen involvement. Moreover, the focus area based on the procedure from inclusion to feedback will give good evidence for all those factors that are necessary for a successful adoption of novel e-parliament services.

What does the term "parliament" mean? Parliament is a legislature. The name is derived from the French "parlement", the action of "parler" (speaking): a parliament means talking, a discussion, hence a meeting (an assembly, a court) where people discuss matters.

"April 1986." ; Shipping list no.: 86-365-P. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"500 copies of the book have been printed from type on Dutch Hand Made paper for private distribution. No copies are for sale."-t.p. verso. ; Rubricated. Red marginal headings. "Printed for the committee by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, at The Lakeside Press."-[p. 46]. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Originally these "Debates" were written by William Guthrie and edited by Johnson for the Gentleman's magazine in 1738, and were given fictitious names as "Debates in the Senate of Lilliputs." Johnson was never at the gallery himself, but had assistance from persons employed: some were the mere coinage of his imagination.--cf Dictionary of national biography, v. 10, p. 922. ; Edited by J. Stockdale. ; v.1. Nov. 19, 1740-April 16, 1741.--v. 2. Dec. 1,1741-Feb. 23, 1743. ; Mode of access: Internet.

STEP Category: Education Abroad ; AU18 STEP Expo poster of Conor Hayes, describing his experiences in the Canadian Parliament Internship education abroad program. ; The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP) ; Academic Major: Astronomy and Astrophysics

I was selected for this commission as I have exhibited often in Scotland, and have work in the National Collection. My proposal was to photograph different regions - the highlands, including specific mountains; the coast; and lowland areas near Edinburgh. I chose areas I knew very well, and some I didn't, but most had a particular historical significance. There were two other photographers chosen, and the work hangs permanently, with artwork given as gifts, or from National Collections. I photographed some areas that are well known, but did them in in my usual style of abstraction and metaphor, seeking out details, and broader visions, and challenging an overtly romantic perception of the landscape. The prints show a graphic and personal view of Scotland, are archivally processed, and fall into a fine print tradition of black and white photography. The work has a historical context, as I chose places of relevance, such as sand dunes at Lossiemouth, near to where Ramsey Mac Donald, the first Labour leader was born; the brooding pass of Glencoe where the massacre took place; 'Schiehallion' the first mountain in the world to be mapped by contour lines, due to its pyramid shape; the waterfall 'Black Bob' at Pitlochry, formed by the Edradour burn which feed the smallest whisky distillery in Britain.

This report mainly discusses The European Parliament which is a key institution of 27 member European Union. The role of the European Parliament in the legislative has expanded steadily over time as the scope of EU policy has grown.

The potential role of parliaments in fragile states is often not realized due to limited resources and capacity. Yet, strengthening parliaments is critical to both avoid and recover from conflict.

The UK Parliament in recent decades has seen significant structural and behavioural changes that have rendered it more effective in carrying out its core functions than at any time in modern political history. These changes have not impacted greatly on public perceptions of Parliament and its members. Parliament and parliamentarians have been the source of declining satisfaction. The public have been more influenced by their perceptions of parliamentarians' behaviour than a results-based performance. Parliamentarians have not recognised the source of the dissatisfaction and have no clear institutional mechanism for responding to it. There is no one authoritative figure who can speak for Parliament. To combat public perceptions requires a proactive and collective response on the part of members of both Houses.

1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Imprint from Wing. ; Satirical verse - "Farewell old Parliament of, seaven years standing". ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.

Parliament House in Brisbane is the meeting place of the Parliament of Queensland, housing its only chamber, the Legislative Assembly. It is located on the corner of George Street and Alice Street at Gardens Point in the CBD, and is next to the Queensland University of Technology and City Botanic Gardens. Construction began in 1865 and was completed 1867. (Wikipedia)

Democracy.--Revolutionary democracy.--The Russian revolution.--The dictatorship of the proletariat.--The soviet franchise.--Soviet democracy.--Territorial V. trade constituencies.--Parliament.--"Direct action."--Revolution.--The Independent labour party.--Memorandum on House of commons business. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome in 2007 is emblematic for the 50th birthday of the European project itself. This symbolic point in time presents the ideal opportunity to turn the spotlight on the current and future role of Brussels as the Capital of Europe. What image does Brussels want to project as a capital city within the European Union and beyond? What are the indisputable qualities of the European presence in Brussels? How can Brussels consciously do justice to its European mission and be a true embodiment of the European political project? Led by Pier Vittorio Aureli and Elia Zenghelis, an international team of 16 architects and urban planners who are associated with the Berlage Institute investigated these questions and devised a plan for the possible future of the Capital of Europe. Brussels- A Manifesto is a pamphlet that treats the city's self evident, hidden or forgotten qualities as building blocks for a tangible project that revolves around the relations between the European institutions and the city. By adopting this perspective, the pamphlet makes the discussion about the future of the European Union and its capital city concrete, palpable and accessible, rescuing it from a discourse that often remains abstract. The project of the new Parliament of the European Union expose a possible approach to monumental public architecture in Brussels.

The evolution of parliamentary system in an ideological state, with two major units; miles apart on the globe, having multiple social and regional identities, and claiming being a federation has been a unique experience. After getting independence from the British, Pakistan decided to opt for a parliamentary form of government. The process was based on single house i.e. legislative assembly which was entrusted with dual responsibilities of framing the constitution and making legislation to run the state system. Initially, its membership was based on indirect elections through the elected representative on provincial basis in the elections of 1946 conducted by the British government. This system of indirect elections for national legislature was kept in practice till 1970 general elections after twenty three years of independence of Pakistan. First and second decades experienced multiple changes of electoral process and that of the practices of the floor of the constituent assembly. Apparently it is claimed that there had been major changes in the parliament of Pakistan with reference to the system of elections, and membership but certain practices seem consistent till date. The present study is an effort to analyse the early phase of the parliament which provided the basis for the parliamentary system of Pakistan.