Suchergebnisse

In this essay we discuss effects of growing interdependence and internationalization upon national political institutions. More exactly we address the question of how these processes are reflected in matters handled by the Standing Committees of the Swedish Parliament. Generally speaking, the proportion of international issues has increased continuously during the 1970s and the early 1980s. The internationalization of parliamentary work has mainly taken place outside the area of 'traditional' foreign policy. Even though internationalization is a general phenomenon in the Swedish parliament, the enhancement of international issues is particularly evident in subject areas linked to economic life in general, but issues concerning environmental policy, communications and energy policy also bear the stamp of internationalization. In spite of this internationalization of domestic politics the pattern of relations with actors on the international scene seems to be rather stable. The picture is dominated by international organizations in the Scandinavian region and Western Europe. Traditionally, the principle of consensus has governed Swedish security and defence policy. Our data support this notion. However, international issues outside the area of 'traditional' foreign policy do not bear the hallmark of consensus. The level of conflict is considerably higher and has risen, especially during the 1980s. Generally speaking, patterns of conflict in international issues do not deviate from those in 'pure' domestic policy. Thus, internationalization has also involved domestication regarding the level of conflict.

THIS ESSAY DISCUSSES EFFECTS OF GROWING, INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERNATIONALIZATION UPON NATIONAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. MORE EXACTLY IT ADDRESSES THE QUESTION OF HOW THESE PROCESSES ARE REFLECTED IN MATTERS HANDLED BY THE STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SWEDISH PARLIAMENT. GENERALLY SPEAKING, THE PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL ISSUES HAS INCREASED CONTINUOUSLY DURING THE 1970S AND THE EARLY 1980S. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF PARLIAMENTARY WORK HAS MAINLY TAKEN PLACE OUTSIDE THE AREA OF 'TRADITIONAL' FOREIGN POLICY. EVEN THOUGH INTERNATIONALIZATION IS A GENERAL PHENOMENON IN THE SWEDISH PARLIAMENT, THE ENHANCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ISSUES IS PARTICULARLY EVIDENT IN SUBJECT AREAS LINKED TO ECONOMIC LIFE IN GENERAL, BUT ISSUES CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ENERGY POLICY ALSO BEAR THE STAMP OF INTERNATIONALIZATION. IN SPITE OF THIS INTERNATIONALIZATION OF DOMESTIC POLITICS THE PATTERN OF RELATIONS WITH ACTORS ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE SEEMS TO BE RATHER STABLE. THE PICTURE IS DOMINATED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SCANDINAVIAN REGION AND WESTERN EUROPE. TRADITIONALLY, THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSENSUS HAS GOVERNED SWEDISH SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY. HOWEVER, INTERNATIONAL ISSUES OUTSIDE THE AREA OF 'TRADITIONAL' FOREIGN POLICY DO NOT BEAR THE HALLMARK OF CONSENSUS. THE LEVEL OF CONFLICT IS CONSIDERABLY HIGHER AND HAS RISEN, ESPECIALLY DURING THE 1980S. GENERALLY SPEAKING, PATTERNS OF CONFLICT IN INTERNATIONAL ISSUES DO NOT DEVIATE FROM THOSE IN 'PURE' DOMESTPY: 1988