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'If only people knew, they would do something.' Every day we see evidence that, when it comes to human rights violations, knowledge is not a guarantee for action. What stops people from doing more to protect human rights? What factors generate passivity or are we simply a passive generation? "Passivity Generation" addresses these important questions and reports on a series of studies exploring what happens to the knowledge related to human rights violations when it reaches the public. The book applies a unique mix of psychosocial methods to understand the complexity of emotional, cognitive and ideological responses to human rights violations and examines the banal quality of the everyday vocabularies that people use to make sense of human rights and their violations, and justify not intervening. In "Passivity Generation", Irene Bruna Seu offers a vivid and compassionate account of how past experiences of trauma and suffering affect individual (un)responsiveness, and explores the psychodynamics of passivity and its underpinning defence mechanisms.

25 35 161 1 ; S ; Muñoz-Portero, M. J., García-Antón, J., Guiñón, J. L., & Leiva-García, R. (2011). Pourbaix diagrams for titanium in concentrated aqueous lithium bromide solutions at 25°C. Corrosion Science, 53(4), 1440-1450. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.013 ; Lee R. J. DiGuilio R. M. Jeter S. M. Teja A. S. , ASHRAE Tran., 96(1), (1990). ; The passive behavior of titanium and its susceptibility to undergo localized attack in different LiBr solutions at 25 degrees C have been investigated using different electrochemical techniques: potentiodynamic polarization curves, potentiostatic passivation tests, EIS measurements and Mott-Schottky analysis. In low and moderately concentrated LiBr solutions, the breakdown potential E-b decreased with increasing bromide concentrations, while in highly concentrated LiBr solutions, E-b increased with increasing LiBr concentration. In the most concentrated LiBr solution (11.42M) Ti did not undergo passivity breakdown even at 9 V-Ag/AgCl. This observation can be explained by a a decrease in the activity of water in highly concentrated LiBr solutions. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. We wish express our gratitude to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Project CTQ2009-07518), and to Dr. M. Asuncion Jaime. for her translation assistance. Fernández Domene, RM.; Blasco-Tamarit, E.; García-García, D.; García Antón, J. (2014). Passivity Breakdown of Titanium in LiBr solutions. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 161(1):25-35. doi:10.1149/2.035401jes Been J. Grauman J. S. , in: Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 2nd ed., Winston Revie R. (ed.), 863-885, Wiley Interscience, New York (2000). Blasco-Tamarit, E., Igual-Muñoz, A., García Antón, J., & García-García, D. (2007). Corrosion behaviour and galvanic coupling of titanium and welded titanium in LiBr solutions. Corrosion Science, 49(3), 1000-1026. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.07.007 Huang, Y. Z., & Blackwood, D. J. (2005). Characterisation of titanium oxide film grown in 0.9% NaCl at different sweep rates. Electrochimica ...

WHY DO GOVERNMENTS OR POWERFUL GROUPS IN A SOCIETY FOSTER GENOCIDE, MASS MURDER, AND OTHER ORGANIZED ACTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST A SUBGROUP? THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES PSYCHOLOGICAL SOURCES, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, AND CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH ACTIONS. IN THEIR NEED TO DEAL WITH THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFICULT LIFE CONDITIONS, PEOPLE OFTEN WILL SCAPEGOAT, AND TURN TO IDEOLOGIES WHICH OFFER HOPE BUT IDENTIFY SOME GROUP AS AN ENEMY. THESE AND OTHER WAYS OF DEALING WITH THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFICULT LIFE CONDITIONS FREQUENTLY GIVE RISE TO VIOLENCE. CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A CULTURE-SUCH AS A BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY DEVALUATION OF, AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST, A GROUP, OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY, AND OTHERS-MAKE THIS MORE LIKELY. ONCE MISTREATMENT HAS STARTED, PARTICIPATION OR PASSIVITY BY MANY MEMBERS OF SOCIETY MAKES ITS CONTINUATION MORE LIKELY. REASONS FOR FREQUENT PASSIVITY BYSTANDERS, WHO HAVE GREAT POTENTIAL INFLUENCE, ARE DISCUSSED. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DIRECT PERPETRATORS IS EXPLORED, INCLUDING REVERSAL OF MORALITY DUE TO IDEOLOGY AND THE ASSUMPTION OF RESPONSIBILITY BY LEADERS. AS THE CONCEPTION IS PRESENTED IT IS APPLIED TO AN EXAMINATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN NAZI GERMANY. THE POSSIBILITY OF DIMINISHING SUCH CRUELTY IN THE WORLD IS ALSO DISCUSSED.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Psychology and Culture of the Intellect: Ignatius of Loyola and Antonio Possevino -- Francisco de Toledo, Francisco Suárez, Manuel de Góis and Antonio Rubio on the Activity and Passivity of the External Senses -- Beyond Psychology - The Philosophical Horizon of the Coimbra Commentary on Aristotle's 'De Anima' (1598) -- The Discussion on the Separated Soul in Early Modern Jesuit Psychology -- Light from Within - the Debate on the Glorified Body in Jesuit Theology: Francesco Suárez, Adam Tanner and Rodrigo Arriaga -- Species, entitates habituates, or intellectio? Ontological Commitments in Early Jesuit Cognitive Psychology -- List of Contributors -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

Front Cover -- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Recent Research on Free Will: Conceptualizations, Beliefs, and Processes -- 1. Social Psychology´s Contribution to the Free Will Debate -- 2. Understanding Free Will -- 2.1. Layperson concepts of free will -- 2.2. What must free will theory accomplish? -- 2.3. Cultural animal framework -- 2.4. Evolution of free will -- 2.5. Responsible autonomy -- 2.6. Conclusion -- 3. Beliefs About Free Will -- 3.1. Consequences of belief -- 3.2. Correlates of belief: Who believes in free will? -- 3.3. Causes of belief: Why do people believe in free will? -- 3.4. Conclusion -- 4. Freedom and Human Volition -- 4.1. Self-regulation and self-control -- 4.2. Basic features of self-control -- 4.3. Relevance to free will -- 4.4. How self-control works: Elucidating the strength model -- 4.5. Competing theories about self-regulatory depletion -- 4.6. Rational choice -- 4.7. Conclusion -- 4.8. Initiative versus passivity -- 4.9. Conclusion and implications -- 4.10. Planning -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Two: The Intuitive Traditionalist: How Biases for Existence and Longevity Promote the Status Quo -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Existence and Longevity Biases in History -- 2.1. Hume and the is-ought problem -- 2.2. Burke and the wisdom of the ages -- 2.3. Intuitions of goodness and rightness from precedent -- 3. Other Causes of Status Quo Preference -- 3.1. Processes related to experience and exposure -- 3.2. Processes related to change resistance -- 3.3. Motivated accounts of status quo defense -- 3.4. Processes of rational choice -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Evidence for Existence and Longevity Biases -- 4.1. Is is ought -- 4.2. Longer is better -- 5. Direct Evidence for Heuristic Processing -- 5.1. Overapplication -- 5.2. Efficiency.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction-#MeToo and Feminisms -- Workplace Sexual Harassment, Sexual Violence and Heterosexuality -- Shifting Landscapes -- Outline of Chapters -- References -- 2 Workplace Harassment, Hollywood's Casting Couch and Neoliberalism -- Psychology and Workplace Sexual Harassment -- The New Normal of Working Lives and Sexual Harassment -- #MeToo and the Workplace -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Women, Sexual Harassment and Victim Politics -- Feminist Victim Politics -- The Non-Labelling of Sexual Harassment: Passivity, Agency and Resistance -- Victimisation and Harassment in the New Millennium -- New Victim Politics? -- Agents, Not Victims….Again? -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Sexual Harassment of Hollywood Men -- Men and #MeToo -- The Case of Anthony Rapp -- The Case of Jimmy Bennett -- The Case of Terry Crews -- Victimised Masculinities -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Sexual Harassment and Sexual Predators in Neoliberal Times -- Sexual Harassment, Sexual Assault and Sex Offending -- Carceral Politics -- Accounting for Perpetration -- Sorry, not Sorry? -- The Apologetic Predator -- Condemnation of Insincerity -- Sexual Predators as Thinking Differently -- Creating Monsters -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Conclusion-Sexual Harassment and Speaking Rights -- References -- Index.

This article examines talk about sex and heterosexual relationships, based on a study of 12 women and 13 men who participated in semi-structured interviews, in order to identify the `discourses' of sexuality which inform talk about heterosexual sex. One theme in talk about heterosexuality can be understood through the `pseudo-reciprocal gift discourse': women are described as `giving' themselves to men, whereas men `give' women orgasms, reproducing dominant norms of male activity and female passivity, — and thereby reinforcing the oppression of women. Men talk more graphically about sex than women — we suggest the resources of meaning concerning sex suit men's interests rather than women's, and reflect men's dominance in a (hetero)sexist society.

In this article, we explore the discourses that affect young women's experiences of (hetero)sexual pleasure, drawing on data from focus groups with young women and young men who lived within a university residential setting in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Here we focus on the gendered understandings among the participants that prioritise men's sexual pleasure and largely position women as the means of achieving that pleasure. The young women spoke of multiple barriers to gaining equality during (hetero)sexual experiences, with key issues being the coital imperative and women's supposed sexual passivity. In challenging these barriers, the young women described various tactics used to resist their subordinate position. However, the women often placed the onus of responsibility for dismantling these barriers on themselves, thus bearing the burden of responsibility for not only young men's sexual pleasure but also their own.